基于ora2pg迁移Oracle19C到postgreSQL14的全过程
作者：IT邦德
ora2pg是一个开源工具,可将Oracle数据库模式转换为PostgreSQL格式,支持导出数据库绝大多数对象类型,本文就给大家介绍了基于ora2pg迁移Oracle19C到postgreSQL14的全过程,文中有详细的代码示例,需要的朋友可以参考下
1.Ora2Pg介绍
Ora2Pg是我的第一个盟友。
它是一个开源工具，可将Oracle数据库模式转换为PostgreSQL格式。
可以处理大量的甲骨文对象
可通过配置文件进行配置
https://ora2pg.darold.net/
特点：
支持导出数据库绝大多数对象类型，包括表、视图、序列、索引、外键、约束、函数、存储过程等。
提供PL/SQL到PL/PGSQL语法的自动转换，一定程度避免了人工修正。
可生成迁移报告，包括迁移难度评估、人天估算。
可选对导出数据进行压缩，节约磁盘开销。
配置选项丰富，可自定义迁移行为。
2.ora2pg安装
2.1 安装依赖包
yum install -y gcc perl-DBD-Pg perl perl-devel perl-DBI perl-CPAN bzip2 perl-ExtUtils-eBuilder perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker perl-Time-HiRes perl-tests perf cpan
2.2 正式安装
perl -MCPAN -e ‘install DBI' perl -MCPAN -e ‘install DBD::Oracle' perl -MCPAN -e ‘install DBD::Pg'
3.相关配置
3.1 表结构配置
cat > /etc/ora2pg/ora2pg_table_ddl.conf <<“EOF” ORACLE_HOME /usr/lib/oracle/21/client64 ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:host=172.18.12.90;sid=oradb;port=1521 #ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:host=192.168.1.29;service_name=pdb1;port=1521 #ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:tns_ora19c ORACLE_USER system ORACLE_PWD oracle SCHEMA STEST EXPORT_SCHEMA 1 CREATE_SCHEMA 1 TYPE TABLE PG_NUMERIC_TYPE 0 PG_INTEGER_TYPE 1 DEFAULT_NUMERIC float SKIP fkeys checks #SKIP keys pkeys ukeys indexes checks NLS_LANG AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 OUTPUT_DIR /tmp OUTPUT ora2pg_table_ddl.sql PG_VERSION 14 EOF
3.2 表数据的配置文件
cat > /etc/ora2pg/ora2pg_table_data.conf <<“EOF” ORACLE_HOME /usr/lib/oracle/21/client64 ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:host=172.18.12.90;sid=oradb;port=1521 #ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:tns_ora19c ORACLE_USER system ORACLE_PWD oracle SCHEMA STEST TYPE COPY PG_NUMERIC_TYPE 0 PG_INTEGER_TYPE 1 DEFAULT_NUMERIC float SKIP fkeys checks #SKIP fkeys pkeys ukeys indexes checks NLS_LANG AMERICAN_AMERICA.UTF8 OUTPUT_DIR /tmp OUTPUT ora2pg_table_data.sql PG_DSN dbi:Pg:dbname=jemdb;host=172.18.12.50;port=5432 PG_USER postgres PG_PWD jeames PG_SCHEMA stest PG_VERSION 14 EOF
4.ora2pg迁移数据
4.1 迁移全部表结构
mkdir -p /ora2pg ora2pg -c /etc/ora2pg/ora2pg_table_ddl.conf -t table -b /ora2pg
4.2 PG中创建数据
su - postgres psql CREATE USER STEST WITH password ‘post' CREATEDB SUPERUSER replication createrole login; create database jemdb; alter database jemdb owner to STEST; \c jemdb
– 跑脚本 \i /ora2pg/ora2pg_table_ddl.sql jemdb=# \d
4.3 迁移数据
ora2pg -d -t copy -c /etc/ora2pg/ora2pg_table_data.conf -P 12 -L 100000 -j 12
此过程执行完成后，数据就已经插入到PG数据库中了：
5.数据验证
su - postgres
psql
\c jemdb
emdb=# show search_path;
search_path
-----------------
"$user", public
(1 row)
jemdb=# set search_path=stest,public;
SET
jemdb=# \dt
List of relations
Schema | Name | Type | Owner
--------+----------------------+-------+----------
stest | addresses | table | postgres
stest | card_details | table | postgres
stest | customers | table | postgres
stest | inventories | table | postgres
stest | logon | table | postgres
stest | order_items | table | postgres
stest | orderentry_metadata | table | postgres
stest | orders | table | postgres
stest | product_descriptions | table | postgres
stest | product_information | table | postgres
stest | warehouses | table | postgres
(11 rows)
jemdb=# select nspname AS schemaname,
jemdb-# relname,
jemdb-# reltuples::numeric as rowcount,
jemdb-# pg_size_pretty (
jemdb(# pg_total_relation_size ( '"' || nspname || '"."' || relname || '"' )) AS SIZE
jemdb-# from pg_class C LEFT JOIN pg_namespace N ON ( N.oid = C.relnamespace )
jemdb-# where nspname NOT IN ( 'pg_catalog', 'information_schema' )
jemdb-# AND relkind = 'r'
jemdb-# ORDER by reltuples DESC
jemdb-# LIMIT 20;
schemaname | relname | rowcount | size
------------+----------------------+----------+------------
stest | inventories | 899441 | 433 MB
stest | order_items | 7341 | 1072 kB
stest | logon | 2383 | 160 kB
stest | card_details | 1500 | 264 kB
stest | addresses | 1500 | 264 kB
stest | orders | 1430 | 376 kB
stest | warehouses | 1000 | 192 kB
stest | customers | 1000 | 440 kB
stest | product_descriptions | 1000 | 288 kB
stest | product_information | 1000 | 400 kB
stest | orderentry_metadata | -1 | 8192 bytes
(11 rows)
jemdb=# \l
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+----------+-------------+-------------+-----------------------
jemdb | stest | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
postgres | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 |
template0 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | UTF8 | en_US.UTF-8 | en_US.UTF-8 | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
(4 rows)
jemdb=# \dn
List of schemas
Name | Owner
--------+----------
public | postgres
stest | stest
(2 rows)
jemdb=# \du
List of roles
Role name | Attributes | Member of
-----------+------------------------------------------------------------+-----------
postgres | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication, Bypass RLS | {}
stest | Superuser, Create role, Create DB, Replication | {}
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