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Postgresql JSON对象和数组查询功能实现

作者：wnfee

这篇文章主要介绍了Postgresql JSON对象和数组查询功能实现,本文给大家介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或工作具有一定的参考借鉴价值,需要的朋友参考下吧

一. Postgresql 9.5以下版本

1.1 简单查询(缺陷：数组必须指定下标，不推荐)

1.1.1 模糊查询

SELECT  * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE  "address" #>> '{0,name}' like '%bb%'

address字段是JSONArray类型，所以在路径中，使用数字索引来访问数组元素，从 0 开始计数。

1.1.2 等值匹配

SELECT  * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE "address" #>> '{0,name}' = 'bbb'

如果字段是int类型，后面需要添加::int

1.1.3 时间搜索

SELECT  * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE  "address" #>> '{0,date}' BETWEEN '2023-08-13' AND '2023-08-17'

1.1.4 在列表

SELECT  * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE  "address" #>> '{0,name}' IN ('bbb','ccc')

1.1.5 包含

SELECT  * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE "address" #> '{0,roles,0,roleUsers}' @> '["eee"]'
#>：获取在指定路径的 JSON 对象，路径不存在则返回空。返回类型是json(b)#>>：获取在指定路径的 JSON 对象，路径不存在则返回空。返回类型是text

1.2 多层级JSONArray（推荐）

如果表中有一个字段posts，数据结构为

[{
	"name": "aaa",
	"ports": [{
		"port": 443,
		"nickname": "ggg",
		"date": "2023-08-29",
		"address": ["111", "222"]
	}, {
		"port": 80,
		"nickname": "fff",
		"date": "2022-08-29",
		"address": ["333", "444"]
	}]
}, {
	"name": "bbb",
	"ports": [{
		"port": 2443,
		"nickname": "hhh",
		"date": "2021-08-29",
		"address": ["999"]
	}, {
		"port": 280,
		"nickname": "jjj",
		"date": "2020-08-29",
		"address": ["111111"]
	}]
}]

1.2.1 模糊查询

查询nickname like '%jj%'

可以看出有两层JSONArray结构

SELECT * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE EXISTS (
  SELECT 1
  FROM jsonb_array_elements("ports") as arr1(obj1) 
	CROSS JOIN jsonb_array_elements(obj1->'ports') as arr2(obj2)
  WHERE (obj2->>'nickname') like '%gg%'
);

当该层级类型是数组就添加CROSS JOIN jsonb_array_elements(obj1->'ports') as arr2(obj2)

1.2.2 模糊查询 NOT

SELECT * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE NOT EXISTS (
  SELECT 1
  FROM jsonb_array_elements("ports") as arr1(obj1) 
	CROSS JOIN jsonb_array_elements(obj1->'ports') as arr2(obj2)
  WHERE (obj2->>'nickname') like '%gg%'
);

查的是另外三条数据源

1.2.3 等值匹配

SELECT * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE EXISTS (
  SELECT 1
  FROM jsonb_array_elements("ports") as arr1(obj1) 
	CROSS JOIN jsonb_array_elements(obj1->'ports') as arr2(obj2)
  WHERE (obj2->>'port')::int = 80
);

如果是数字类型后面需要转换 ::int，因为 ->> 操作符的返回类型是 text

1.2.4 等值匹配 NOT

SELECT * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE NOT EXISTS (
  SELECT 1
  FROM jsonb_array_elements("ports") as arr1(obj1) 
	CROSS JOIN jsonb_array_elements(obj1->'ports') as arr2(obj2)
  WHERE (obj2->>'port')::int = 80
);

查的是另外三条数据源

1.2.5 时间搜索

SELECT * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE EXISTS (
  SELECT 1
  FROM jsonb_array_elements("ports") as arr1(obj1) 
	CROSS JOIN jsonb_array_elements(obj1->'ports') as arr2(obj2)
  WHERE (obj2->>'date') BETWEEN '2022-08-13' AND '2023-08-17'
);

1.2.6 时间搜索 NOT

查的是另外三条数据源

1.2.7 在列表

SELECT * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE EXISTS (
  SELECT 1
  FROM jsonb_array_elements("ports") as arr1(obj1) 
	CROSS JOIN jsonb_array_elements(obj1->'ports') as arr2(obj2)
  WHERE (obj2->>'nickname') IN ('ggg','fff')
);

1.2.8 在列表 NOT

查的是另外三条数据源

1.2.9 包含

SELECT * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE EXISTS (
  SELECT 1
  FROM jsonb_array_elements("ports") as arr1(obj1) 
	CROSS JOIN jsonb_array_elements(obj1->'ports') as arr2(obj2)
  WHERE (obj2->'address') @> '["444"]'
);

此时使用的操作符是->，返回值是jsonb类型

1.2.10 包含 NOT

查的是另外三条数据源

二. Postgresql 9.5和以上版本

也兼容上面的JSON查询

2.1 模糊查询

使用函数jsonb_path_exists（可以指定JSON路径，如果是数组添加[*]）的正则查询达到模糊查询的效果

-- like '%ggg%'
SELECT * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE jsonb_path_exists("ports", '$[*].ports[*].nickname ?(@ like_regex "g")')
-- 左模糊 like '%g'
SELECT * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE jsonb_path_exists("ports", '$[*].ports[*].nickname ?(@ like_regex "g$")')
-- 右模糊 like 'g%'
SELECT * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE jsonb_path_exists("ports", '$[*].ports[*].nickname ?(@ like_regex "^g")')
-- 等值匹配
SELECT * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE jsonb_path_exists("ports", '$[*].ports[*].nickname ?(@ like_regex "^ggg$")')

同样支持NOT

2.2 等值匹配

SELECT * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE jsonb_path_exists("ports", '$[*].ports[*].nickname ?(@ == "fff")')

同样支持NOT

2.3 时间搜索

SELECT * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE jsonb_path_exists("ports", '$[*].ports[*].date ?(@ >= "2022-01-02" && @ <= "2023-08-02")')

同样支持NOT

2.4 在列表

SELECT * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE jsonb_path_exists("ports", '$[*].ports[*].nickname ?(@ == "ggg" || @ == "fff")')

同样支持NOT

2.5 包含

和等值匹配一样

SELECT * FROM "public"."tf_low_data_testUser" WHERE jsonb_path_exists("ports", '$[*].ports[*].address ?(@ == "222")')

同样支持NOT

到此这篇关于Postgresql JSON对象和数组查询的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Postgresql JSON对象内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！

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