Mysql

关注公众号 jb51net

关闭
首页 > 数据库 > Mysql > mysql json

mysql的json处理实现

作者：一户董

本文主要介绍了mysql的json处理实现，文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习学习吧

写在前面

需要注意，5.7以上版本才支持，但如果是生产环境需要使用的话，尽量使用8.0版本，因为8.0版本对json处理做了比较大的性能优化。你你可以使用select version();来查看版本信息。

本文看下MySQL的json处理。在正式开始让我们先来准备一些测试数据：

CREATE TABLE `dept` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `dept` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `json_value` json DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
insert into dept VALUES(1,'部门1','{"deptName": "部门1", "deptId": "1", "deptLeaderId": "3"}');
insert into dept VALUES(2,'部门2','{"deptName": "部门2", "deptId": "2", "deptLeaderId": "4"}');
insert into dept VALUES(3,'部门3','{"deptName": "部门3", "deptId": "3", "deptLeaderId": "5"}');
insert into dept VALUES(4,'部门4','{"deptName": "部门4", "deptId": "4", "deptLeaderId": "5"}');
insert into dept VALUES(5,'部门5','{"deptName": "部门5", "deptId": "5", "deptLeaderId": "5"}');

1：json字段名->’$.json属性’

通过json字段名->’$.json属性’语法格式可以访问到json中某个key的值，以如下查询方式看下。

1.1：用在DQL查询结果中

mysql> select id,json_value->'$.deptLeaderId' from dept where id=2;
+----+------------------------------+
| id | json_value->'$.deptLeaderId' |
+----+------------------------------+
|  2 | "4"                          |
+----+------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

1.2：用在DQL条件中

单条件

mysql> select id from dept where json_value->'$.deptLeaderId'='4';
+----+
| id |
+----+
|  2 |
+----+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

和普通字段组合查询

mysql> select id from dept where json_value->'$.deptLeaderId'='4' and id>1;
+----+
| id |
+----+
|  2 |
+----+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

json多条件

mysql> select id from dept where json_value->'$.deptLeaderId'='4' and json_value->'$.deptName' like '%部门%';
+----+
| id |
+----+
|  2 |
+----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

1.3：用在DQL关联查询中

先准备数据：

CREATE TABLE `dept_leader` (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL,
  `leaderName` varchar(255) DEFAULT NULL,
  `json_value` json DEFAULT NULL,
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
insert into dept_leader VALUES(1,'leader1','{"name": "王一", "id": "1", "leaderId": "1"}');
insert into dept_leader VALUES(2,'leader2','{"name": "王二", "id": "2", "leaderId": "3"}');
insert into dept_leader VALUES(3,'leader3','{"name": "王三", "id": "3", "leaderId": "4"}');
insert into dept_leader VALUES(4,'leader4','{"name": "王四", "id": "4", "leaderId": "5"}');
insert into dept_leader VALUES(5,'leader5','{"name": "王五", "id": "5", "leaderId": "5"}');

关联查询

mysql> SELECT dept.id,dept_leader.id from dept,dept_leader WHERE dept.json_value->'$.deptLeaderId'=dept_leader.json_value->'$.id' ;
+----+----+
| id | id |
+----+----+
|  1 |  3 |
|  2 |  4 |
|  3 |  5 |
|  4 |  5 |
|  5 |  5 |
|  6 |  5 |
|  7 |  5 |
|  8 |  5 |
+----+----+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

2：json_extract

语法格式json_extract(字段名,$.json字段名),用来从json字段中提取值，如下：

mysql> select id,json_extract(json_value,'$.deptName') as deptName from dept;
+----+------------------------------+
| id | deptName                     |
+----+------------------------------+
|  1 | "部门1"                      |
...
mysql> SELECT * FROM dept WHERE JSON_EXTRACT(json_value,'$.deptName') like '%部门%'\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
        id: 1
      dept: 部门1
json_value: {"deptId": "1", "deptName": "部门1", "deptLeaderId": "3"}
*************************** 2. row ***************************
        id: 2
      dept: 部门2
json_value: {"deptId": "2", "newData": "新增的数据", "deptName": "新增的部门1111", "deptLeaderId": "4"}
...cx

3：JSON_OBJECT()

语法格式JSON_OBJECT(k,v[,k,v]),用来转换指定数据为json object,如下：

mysql> select json_object("name", "张三", "age", 99);
+------------------------------------------+
| json_object("name", "张三", "age", 99)   |
+------------------------------------------+
| {"age": 99, "name": "张三"}              |
+------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

4：JSON_CONTAINS()

语法JSON_CONTAINS(target, candidate[, path])，用来判断json格式中是否包含指定子对象，其中子对象需要通过json_object()生成，如下：

mysql> select * from dept WHERE JSON_CONTAINS(json_value, JSON_OBJECT("deptName","部门5"))
    -> ;
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | dept    | json_value                                                  |
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|  5 | 部门5   | {"deptId": "5", "deptName": "部门5", "deptLeaderId": "5"}   |
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

注意需要使用json_object转换为object。

添加如下数据，看一个嵌套json对象的例子：

insert into dept VALUES(6,'部门9','{"deptName": {"dept":"de","depp":"dd"}, "deptId": "5", "deptLeaderId": "5"}');

判断嵌套对象是否存在：

mysql> SELECT * from dept WHERE JSON_CONTAINS(json_value->'$.deptName',JSON_OBJECT("depp","dd"));
+----+---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | dept    | json_value                                                                     |
+----+---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  6 | 部门9   | {"deptId": "5", "deptName": {"depp": "dd", "dept": "de"}, "deptLeaderId": "5"} |
+----+---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT * from ( SELECT *,json_value->'$.deptName' as deptName FROM dept ) t WHERE JSON_CONTAINS(deptName,JSON_OBJECT("depp","dd"));
...

5：JSON_ARRAY()

创建json数组，如下：

mysql> select json_array("pingpong","羽毛球","篮球");
+---------------------------------------------+
| json_array("pingpong","羽毛球","篮球")      |
+---------------------------------------------+
| ["pingpong", "羽毛球", "篮球"]              |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> select json_array(json_object("name", "张三"), "篮球", json_object("name", "李四"));
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| json_array(json_object("name", "张三"), "篮球", json_object("name", "李四"))       |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| [{"name": "张三"}, "篮球", {"name": "李四"}]                                       |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

json格式化看下：

5.1：判断数组是否是否包含某子数组

准备数据：

insert into dept VALUES(7,'部门9','{"deptName": ["1","2","3"], "deptId": "5", "deptLeaderId": "5"}');
insert into dept VALUES(7,'部门9','{"deptName": ["5","6","7"], "deptId": "5", "deptLeaderId": "5"}');
mysql> SELECT * from dept WHERE JSON_CONTAINS(json_value->'$.deptName',JSON_ARRAY("1"));
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | dept    | json_value                                                        |
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  7 | 部门9   | {"deptId": "5", "deptName": ["1", "2", "3"], "deptLeaderId": "5"} |
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.05 sec)

6：JSON_TYPE()

获取类型：

mysql> SELECT json_value->'$.deptName' ,JSON_TYPE(json_value->'$.deptName') as type from dept;  
+------------------------------+--------+
| json_value->'$.deptName'     | type   |
+------------------------------+--------+
| "部门1"                      | STRING |
| "新增的部门1111"             | STRING |
| "部门3"                      | STRING |
| "部门4"                      | STRING |
| "部门5"                      | STRING |
| {"depp": "dd", "dept": "de"} | OBJECT |
| ["1", "2", "3"]              | ARRAY  |
| ["5", "6", "7"]              | ARRAY  |
+------------------------------+--------+

7：JSON_KEYS()

获取文档中所有的key，如下：

mysql> SELECT JSON_KEYS(json_value),json_value FROM dept where id=2\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
JSON_KEYS(json_value): ["deptId", "newData", "deptName", "deptLeaderId"]
           json_value: {"deptId": "2", "newData": "新增的数据", "deptName": "新增的部门1111", "deptLeaderId": "4"}
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

8：JSON_SET()

更新或者是添加kv，无责插入，有则更新，语法格式JSON_SET(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] …),如下：

key存在时更新

mysql> select * from dept where id=1;
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | dept    | json_value                                                  |
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | 部门1   | {"deptId": "1", "deptName": "部门1", "deptLeaderId": "3"}   |
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update dept set json_value=JSON_SET(json_value, '$.deptName', '部门1_更新后') where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from dept where id=1;
+----+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | dept    | json_value                                                            |
+----+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | 部门1   | {"deptId": "1", "deptName": "部门1_更新后", "deptLeaderId": "3"}      |
+----+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

key不存在时插入

mysql> select * from dept where id=1;
+----+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | dept    | json_value                                                            |
+----+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | 部门1   | {"deptId": "1", "deptName": "部门1_更新后", "deptLeaderId": "3"}      |
+----+---------+-----------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update dept set json_value=JSON_SET(json_value, '$.deptAddr', '赢创动力4楼') where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.03 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from dept where id=1;
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | dept    | json_value                                                                                            |
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | 部门1   | {"deptId": "1", "deptAddr": "赢创动力4楼", "deptName": "部门1_更新后", "deptLeaderId": "3"}           |
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

一个key不存在，一个key存在

mysql> select * from dept where id=1;
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | dept    | json_value                                                                                            |
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | 部门1   | {"deptId": "1", "deptAddr": "赢创动力4楼", "deptName": "部门1_更新后", "deptLeaderId": "3"}           |
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update dept set json_value=JSON_SET(json_value, '$.deptAddr', '八维学院', '$.newKey', 'newKey的value') where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from dept where id=1;                                                                      +----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | dept    | json_value                                                                                                                    |
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | 部门1   | {"deptId": "1", "newKey": "newKey的value", "deptAddr": "八维学院", "deptName": "部门1_更新后", "deptLeaderId": "3"}           |
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

9：JSON_INSERT()

语法格式JSON_INSERT(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] …),插入文档，当值已经存在时忽略，如下：

mysql> select * from dept where id=2;
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | dept    | json_value                                                  |
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|  2 | 部门2   | {"deptId": "2", "deptName": "部门2", "deptLeaderId": "4"}   |
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> update dept set json_value=JSON_INSERT(json_value, '$.deptId', '已存在不更新', '$.addr', '西二旗') where id=2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from dept where id=2;                                                                      +----+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | dept    | json_value                                                                       |
+----+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  2 | 部门2   | {"addr": "西二旗", "deptId": "2", "deptName": "部门2", "deptLeaderId": "4"}      |
+----+---------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

10：JSON_REPLACE()

语法格式JSON_REPLACE(json_doc, path, val[, path, val] …)，更新而不新增文档，如下：

mysql> update dept set json_value=JSON_REPLACE(json_value, '$.deptName', '部门2_新名称', '$.notExitsKey', '不会替换，因为不存在') where id=2;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.02 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from dept where id=2;                                                                      +----+---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | dept    | json_value                                                                                 |
+----+---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
|  2 | 部门2   | {"addr": "西二旗", "deptId": "2", "deptName": "部门2_新名称", "deptLeaderId": "4"}         |
+----+---------+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

11：JSON_REMOVE()

语法格式JSON_REMOVE(json_doc, path[, path] …),删除文档：

mysql> select * from dept where id=3;
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
| id | dept    | json_value                                                  |
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
|  3 | 部门3   | {"deptId": "3", "deptName": "部门3", "deptLeaderId": "5"}   |
+----+---------+-------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> update dept set json_value=JSON_REMOVE(json_value, '$.depeName', '$.deptLeaderId') where id=3;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.04 sec)
Rows matched: 1  Changed: 1  Warnings: 0
mysql> select * from dept where id=3;
+----+---------+----------------------------------------+
| id | dept    | json_value                             |
+----+---------+----------------------------------------+
|  3 | 部门3   | {"deptId": "3", "deptName": "部门3"}   |
+----+---------+----------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

12：JSON_SEARCH

语法格式JSON_SEARCH(json_doc，one_or_all，search_str [，escape_char [，path] ...]),获取指定文档出现的位置，如果没有则返回NULL。

12.1：官方例子

准备数据

mysql> SET @j = '["abc", [{"k": "10"}, "def"], {"x":"abc"}, {"y":"bcd"}]';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)
mysql> select @j;
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| @j                                                      |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
| ["abc", [{"k": "10"}, "def"], {"x":"abc"}, {"y":"bcd"}] |
+---------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

查询

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'one', 'abc'); // 第二参数查询终止条件，设置为one，即只查询一个
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'one', 'abc') |
+-------------------------------+
| "$[0]"                        |
+-------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'abc'); // 第二个参数查询终止条件，设置为all，即查询所有匹配的
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'abc') |
+-------------------------------+
| ["$[0]", "$[2].x"]            |
+-------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'ghi'); // 全局匹配不存在的，会返回NULL
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'ghi') |
+-------------------------------+
| NULL                          |
+-------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10'); // 全局匹配10，返回具体位置的具体key
+------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10') |
+------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k"                  |
+------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)

指定路径搜索

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$');
+-----------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$') |
+-----------------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k"                             |
+-----------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[*]');
+--------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[*]') |
+--------------------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k"                                |
+--------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$**.k');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$**.k') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k"                                 |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[*][0].k');
+-------------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[*][0].k') |
+-------------------------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k"                                     |
+-------------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[1]');
+--------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[1]') |
+--------------------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k"                                |
+--------------------------------------------+
#指定搜索路径为数组中第二个元素内的第一个元素
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[1][0]');
+-----------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '10', NULL, '$[1][0]') |
+-----------------------------------------------+
| "$[1][0].k"                                   |
+-----------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'abc', NULL, '$[2]');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', 'abc', NULL, '$[2]') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| "$[2].x"                                    |
+---------------------------------------------+

模糊匹配

mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%a%');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%a%') |
+-------------------------------+
| ["$[0]", "$[2].x"]            |
+-------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%');
+-------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%') |
+-------------------------------+
| ["$[0]", "$[2].x", "$[3].y"]  |
+-------------------------------+
# 指定搜索路径，$[0] = "abc"
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[0]');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[0]') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| "$[0]"                                      |
+---------------------------------------------+
# $[2] = {"x":"abc"}
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[2]');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[2]') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| "$[2].x"                                    |
+---------------------------------------------+
# $[1] = [{"k": "10"}, "def"] 模糊匹配无结果
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[1]');
+---------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', NULL, '$[1]') |
+---------------------------------------------+
| NULL                                        |
+---------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', '', '$[1]');
+-------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', '', '$[1]') |
+-------------------------------------------+
| NULL                                      |
+-------------------------------------------+
mysql> SELECT JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', '', '$[3]');
+-------------------------------------------+
| JSON_SEARCH(@j, 'all', '%b%', '', '$[3]') |
+-------------------------------------------+
| "$[3].y"                                  |
+-------------------------------------------+

12.2：实际例子

在日常开发过程中如果需要使用JSON_SEARCH查询的话，需要搭配IS NOT NULL来获取符合条件的数据，如果是返回是NULL则说明不存在，反之存在，所以，对于返回的具体位置信息我们一般是使用不到的，准备数据如下：

Create Table: CREATE TABLE `user` (
  `id` int(11) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `name` varchar(64) NOT NULL COMMENT '名字',
  `age` int(4) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '年龄',
  `info` text COMMENT '补充信息',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
  UNIQUE KEY `name` (`name`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='用户表'
INSERT INTO `user` (`name`, `age`, `info`) VALUES ('suhw', '23', '{"phone":"12312123434","language":["c++","java","go"]}');
INSERT INTO `user` (`name`, `age`, `info`) VALUES ('bob', '20', '{"phone":"18912123434","language":["c++","c","go","php"]}');

查询会java和go语言的数据：

mysql> select * from user where json_search(info, 'all', 'go') is not null and json_search(info, 'all', 'java') is not null;
+----+------+-----+--------------------------------------------------------+
| id | name | age | info                                                   |
+----+------+-----+--------------------------------------------------------+
|  1 | suhw |  23 | {"phone":"12312123434","language":["c++","java","go"]} |
+----+------+-----+--------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

写在后面 参考文章列表

【MySQL】对JSON数据操作（全网最全） 。

MySQL - json_search 小结 。

到此这篇关于mysql的json处理实现的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关mysql json内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！

您可能感兴趣的文章:
阅读全文