iOS10 推送最新特性研究
作者：幸福小祢
最近在研究iOS10关于推送的新特性， 相比之前确实做了很大的改变，总结起来主要是以下几点：
1.推送内容更加丰富，由之前的alert 到现在的title, subtitle, body
2.推送统一由trigger触发
3.可以为推送增加附件，如图片、音频、视频，这就使推送内容更加丰富多彩
4.可以方便的更新推送内容
import 新框架
添加新的框架 UserNotifications.framework
#import <UserNotifications/UserNotifications.h>
注册推送
在设置通知的时候，需要先进行注册，获取授权
iOS10 所有通知都是通过UNUserNotificationCenter来管理，包括远程通知和本地通知
//iOS8以下
[application registerForRemoteNotificationTypes:UIRemoteNotificationTypeBadge | UIRemoteNotificationTypeAlert | UIRemoteNotificationTypeSound];
//iOS8 - iOS10
[application registerUserNotificationSettings:[UIUserNotificationSettings settingsForTypes:UIUserNotificationTypeAlert | UIUserNotificationTypeSound | UIUserNotificationTypeBadge categories:nil]];
//iOS10
UNUserNotificationCenter *center = [UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter];
[center requestAuthorizationWithOptions:(UNAuthorizationOptionAlert | UNAuthorizationOptionBadge | UNAuthorizationOptionSound) completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
}
获取用户设置
iOS10 提供了获取用户授权相关设置信息的接口getNotificationSettingsWithCompletionHandler： , 回调带有一个UNNotificationSettings对象，它具有以下属性，可以准确获取各种授权信息
authorizationStatus
soundSetting
badgeSetting
alertSetting
notificationCenterSetting
lockScreenSetting
carPlaySetting
alertStyle
像下面的方法，点击allow
UNUserNotificationCenter *center = [UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter];
[center requestAuthorizationWithOptions:(UNAuthorizationOptionAlert | UNAuthorizationOptionBadge | UNAuthorizationOptionSound) completionHandler:^(BOOL granted, NSError * _Nullable error) {
if (granted) {
//点击允许
NSLog(@"注册通知成功");
[center getNotificationSettingsWithCompletionHandler:^(UNNotificationSettings * _Nonnull settings) {
NSLog(@"%@", settings);
}];
} else {
//点击不允许
NSLog(@"注册通知失败");
}
}];
打印信息： *<UNNotificationSettings: 0x174090a90; authorizationStatus: Authorized, notificationCenterSetting: Enabled, soundSetting: Enabled, badgeSetting: Enabled, lockScreenSetting: Enabled, alertSetting: NotSupported, carPlaySetting: Enabled, alertStyle: Banner>*
注册APNS, 获取token
iOS10， 注册APNS和获取token的方法还和之前一样
在application: didFinishLaunchingWithOptions:调用 registerForRemoteNotifications方法
[[UIApplication sharedApplication] registerForRemoteNotifications];
在代理方法application: didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:中获取token
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithDeviceToken:(NSData *)deviceToken NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0){
NSLog(@"deviceToken:%@",deviceToken);
}
- (void)application:(UIApplication *)application didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:(NSError *)error NS_AVAILABLE_IOS(3_0){
NSLog(@"didFailToRegisterForRemoteNotificationsWithError:%@",error);
}
设置处理通知的action 和 category
在iOS8以前是没有category这个属性的;
在iOS8注册推送，获取授权的时候，可以一并设置category， 注册的方法直接带有这个参数;
在iOS10， 需要调用一个方法setNotificationCategories:来为管理推送的UNUserNotificationCenter实例设置category, category又可以对应设置action;
//设置category //UNNotificationActionOptionAuthenticationRequired 需要解锁 //UNNotificationActionOptionDestructive 显示为红色 //UNNotificationActionOptionForeground 点击打开app UNNotificationAction *action1 = [UNNotificationAction actionWithIdentifier:@"action1" title:@"策略1行为1" options:UNNotificationActionOptionForeground]; UNTextInputNotificationAction *action2 = [UNTextInputNotificationAction actionWithIdentifier:@"action2" title:@"策略1行为2" options:UNNotificationActionOptionDestructive textInputButtonTitle:@"comment" textInputPlaceholder:@"reply"]; //UNNotificationCategoryOptionNone //UNNotificationCategoryOptionCustomDismissAction 清除通知被触发会走通知的代理方法 //UNNotificationCategoryOptionAllowInCarPlay 适用于行车模式 UNNotificationCategory *category1 = [UNNotificationCategory categoryWithIdentifier:@"category1" actions:@[action2,action1] minimalActions:@[action2,action1] intentIdentifiers:@[] options:UNNotificationCategoryOptionCustomDismissAction]; UNNotificationAction *action3 = [UNNotificationAction actionWithIdentifier:@"action3" title:@"策略2行为1" options:UNNotificationActionOptionForeground]; UNNotificationAction *action4 = [UNNotificationAction actionWithIdentifier:@"action4" title:@"策略2行为2" options:UNNotificationActionOptionForeground]; UNNotificationCategory *category2 = [UNNotificationCategory categoryWithIdentifier:@"category2" actions:@[action3,action4] minimalActions:@[action3,action4] intentIdentifiers:@[] options:UNNotificationCategoryOptionCustomDismissAction]; [[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] setNotificationCategories:[NSSet setWithObjects:category1,category2, nil]];
设置通知内容
因为iOS10远程通知与本地通知统一起来了，通知内容属性是一致的，不过远程推送就需要在payload进行具体设置了，下面以本地通知为例，介绍关于UNNotificationContent的内容
官网上明确说明了，我们是不能直接创建UNNotificationContent的实例的， 如果我们需要自己去配置内容的各个属性，我们需要用到UNMutableNotificationContent
看一下它的一些属性：
attachments //附件
badge //徽标
body //推送内容body
categoryIdentifier //category标识
launchImageName //点击通知进入应用的启动图
sound //声音
subtitle //推送内容子标题
title //推送内容标题
userInfo //远程通知内容
UNMutableNotificationContent *content = [[UNMutableNotificationContent alloc] init];
content.title = @"Test";
content.subtitle = @"1234567890";
content.body = @"Copyright © 2016年 jpush. All rights reserved.";
content.badge = @1;
NSError *error = nil;
NSString *path = [[NSBundle mainBundle] pathForResource:@"718835727" ofType:@"png"];
UNNotificationAttachment *att = [UNNotificationAttachment attachmentWithIdentifier:@"att1" URL:[NSURL fileURLWithPath:path] options:nil error:&error];
if (error) {
NSLog(@"attachment error %@", error);
}
content.attachments = @[att];
content.categoryIdentifier = @"category1”; //这里设置category1， 是与之前设置的category对应
content.launchImageName = @"1-Eb_0OvtcxJXHZ7-IOoBsaQ";
UNNotificationSound *sound = [UNNotificationSound defaultSound];
content.sound = sound;
通知触发器
UNNotificationTrigger
iOS 10触发器有4种
•UNPushNotificationTrigger 触发APNS服务，系统自动设置（这是区分本地通知和远程通知的标识）
•UNTimeIntervalNotificationTrigger 一段时间后触发
•UNCalendarNotificationTrigger 指定日期触发
•UNLocationNotificationTrigger 根据位置触发，支持进入某地或者离开某地或者都有
//十秒后
UNTimeIntervalNotificationTrigger *trigger1 = [UNTimeIntervalNotificationTrigger triggerWithTimeInterval:10 repeats:NO];
//每周日早上8：00
NSDateComponents *component = [[NSDateComponents alloc] init];
component.weekday = 1;
component.hour = 8;
UNCalendarNotificationTrigger *trigger2 = [UNCalendarNotificationTrigger triggerWithDateMatchingComponents:component repeats:YES];
//圆形区域，进入时候进行通知
CLLocationCoordinate2D cen = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(80.335400, -90.009201);
CLCircularRegion *region = [[CLCircularRegion alloc] initWithCenter:cen
radius:500.0 identifier:@“center"];
region.notifyOnEntry = YES; //进入的时候
region.notifyOnExit = NO; //出去的时候
UNLocationNotificationTrigger *trigger3 = [UNLocationNotificationTrigger
triggerWithRegion:region repeats:NO];
添加通知 / 更新通知
1.创建一个UNNotificationRequest类的实例，一定要为它设置identifier, 在后面的查找，更新， 删除通知，这个标识是可以用来区分这个通知与其他通知
2.把request加到UNUserNotificationCenter， 并设置触发器，等待触发
3.
如果另一个request具有和之前request相同的标识，不同的内容， 可以达到更新通知的目的
NSString *requestIdentifer = @"TestRequest";
UNNotificationRequest *request = [UNNotificationRequest requestWithIdentifier:requestIdentifer content:content trigger:trigger1];
//把通知加到UNUserNotificationCenter, 到指定触发点会被触发
[center addNotificationRequest:request withCompletionHandler:^(NSError * _Nullable error) {
}];
//在另外需要更新通知的地方
UNMutableNotificationContent *newContent = [[UNMutableNotificationContent alloc] init];
newContent.title = @"Update";
newContent.subtitle = @"XXXXXXXXX";
newContent.body = @"Copyright © 2016年 jpush. All rights reserved.";
UNTimeIntervalNotificationTrigger *trigger1 = [UNTimeIntervalNotificationTrigger triggerWithTimeInterval:3 repeats:NO];
UNNotificationRequest *request = [UNNotificationRequest requestWithIdentifier:@"TestRequest" content:newContent trigger:trigger1];
[[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] addNotificationRequest:request withCompletionHandler:^(NSError * _Nullable error) {
}];
获取和删除通知
这里通知是有两种状态
•Pending 等待触发的通知
•Delivered 已经触发展示在通知中心的通知
//获取未触发的通知
[[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] getPendingNotificationRequestsWithCompletionHandler:^(NSArray<UNNotificationRequest *> * _Nonnull requests) {
NSLog(@"pending: %@", requests);
}];
//获取通知中心列表的通知
[[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] getDeliveredNotificationsWithCompletionHandler:^(NSArray<UNNotification *> * _Nonnull notifications) {
NSLog(@"Delivered: %@", notifications);
}];
//清除某一个未触发的通知
[[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] removePendingNotificationRequestsWithIdentifiers:@[@"TestRequest1"]];
//清除某一个通知中心的通知
[[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] removeDeliveredNotificationsWithIdentifiers:@[@"TestRequest2"]];
//对应的删除所有通知
[[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] removeAllPendingNotificationRequests];
[[UNUserNotificationCenter currentNotificationCenter] removeAllDeliveredNotifications];
delegate
<UNUserNotificationCenterDelegate>
iOS10收到通知不再是在application: didReceiveRemoteNotification:方法去处理， iOS10推出新的代理方法，接收和处理各类通知（本地或者远程）
- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center willPresentNotification:(UNNotification *)notification withCompletionHandler:(void (^)(UNNotificationPresentationOptions))completionHandler {
//应用在前台收到通知
NSLog(@"========%@", notification);
}
- (void)userNotificationCenter:(UNUserNotificationCenter *)center didReceiveNotificationResponse:(UNNotificationResponse *)response withCompletionHandler:(void (^)())completionHandler {
//点击通知进入应用
NSLog(@"response:%@", response);
}
最后
下一篇文章继续介绍关于富媒体推送的 UNNotificationServiceExtension 和 Notification content extension， 未完待续。。。