详解MySQL误操作后怎样进行数据恢复
作者：Martin
在大家日常操作数据库时候难免会因为“大意”而误操作，那么误操作后怎样进行数据恢复呢，下面跟着小编一起来学习学习。
一、开启binlog。
首先查看binlog是否开启
mysql> show variables like "log_bin"; +---------------+-------+ |Variable_name | Value +---------------+-------+ | log_bin OFF +---------------+-------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
值为OFF，需开启，开启binlog方式如下：
#vim /etc/my.cnf
在[mysqld]中加入
log-bin = mysql-bin log-bin = /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql-bin.log
重启mysql服务
#service mysqld stop #service mysqld start
二、模拟数据写入
建库
create database backup;
建表
CREATE TABLE `number` ( `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '编号', `updatetime` timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT '0000-00-00 00:00:00', PRIMARY KEY (`id`) ) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
写入数据
程序2-1
#coding:utf8
#python2.7
import MySQLdb
import time
def connect_mysql(db_host="192.168.11.169",user="martin",passwd="martin",db="backup",charset="utf8"):
conn = MySQLdb.connect(host=db_host,user=user,passwd=passwd,db=db,charset=charset)
conn.autocommit(True)
return conn.cursor()
#数据插入
for i in range(0,10):
#time=time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
sql = 'insert into number(updatetime) values(%s)'
values = [(time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S"))]
db1 = connect_mysql()
print db1.executemany(sql,values)
查询数据
mysql> select * from number; +-------+------------------------+ | id | updatetime +--------------------------------+ | 1 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 2 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 3 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 4 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 5 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 6 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 7 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 8 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 9 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 10 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | +-------+------------------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
三、全量备份
mysqldump -uroot -p -F --master-data=2 backup |gzip> /martin/data/backup_$(date +%F).sql.gz
注：加-F能刷新binlog，方便恢复时操作。
四、模拟写入增量数据
继续执行程序2-1。
查询数据
mysql> select * from number; +----+---------------------------+ | id | updatetime | +----+---------------------------+ | 1 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 2 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 3 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 4 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 5 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 6 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 7 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 8 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 9 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 10 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 11 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 12 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 13 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 14 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 15 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 16 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 17 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 18 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 19 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 20 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | +-------+---------------------+ 20 rows in set (0.00 sec)
五、增量备份
保留mysql-bin.000002及之后的binlog即可。
六、模拟误操作
delete from number;
七、再次写入增量数据
执行程序2-1
select * from bumber;
+------+------------------------+ | id | updatetime | +------+------------------------+ | 21 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | | 22 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | | 23 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | | 24 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | | 25 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | | 26 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | | 27 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | | 28 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | | 29 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | | 30 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | +------+------------------------+ 10 rows in set (0.00 sec)
八、恢复
此时发现之前的delete操作为误操作，急需恢复，恢复过程如下
给该表加上读锁
lock table number read;
将全量备份的数据导入
#cd /martin/data/ #gzip -d number_2016-06-29.sql.gz #grep -i "change" *.sql -- CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql-bin.000002', MASTER_LOG_POS=107;
刷新日志
#mysqladmin -uroot -p'martin' flush-logs #cd /usr/local/mysql/log #ls|grep mysql-bin|grep -v index mysql-bin.000001 mysql-bin.000002 mysql-bin.000003
可确定mysql-bin.000002为增量数据binlog
导入全量备份
#cd /martin/data/ #mysql -uroot -p backup < number_2016-06-29.sql #cp /usr/local/mysql/log/mysql-bin.000002 /martin/data/ #mysqlbinlog mysql-bin.000002 >bin.sql #vim bin.sql
在bin.sql找到之前的delete语句，删除
mysql -uroot -p <bin.sql
九、确认已恢复数据
登录mysql
#mysql -uroot -p'martin' backup select * from number;
+----+---------------------+ | id | updatetime | +----+---------------------+ | 1 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 2 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 3 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 4 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 5 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 6 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 7 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 8 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 9 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 10 | 2016-06-29 23:27:15 | | 11 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 12 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 13 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 14 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 15 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 16 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 17 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 18 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 19 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 20 | 2016-06-29 23:31:03 | | 21 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | | 22 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | | 23 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | | 24 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | | 25 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | | 26 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | | 27 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | | 28 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | | 29 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | | 30 | 2016-06-29 23:41:06 | +----+---------------------+ 30 rows in set (0.00 sec)
恢复完成！以上就是本文的全部内容，在操作数据库时候要多加小心尽量避免误操作，如果万一遇到了，希望本文能够帮助大家。