Java的MyBatis框架中Mapper映射配置的使用及原理解析
作者：闲庭细步
Mapper用于映射SQL语句,可以说是MyBatis操作数据库的核心特性之一,这里我们来讨论Java的MyBatis框架中Mapper映射配置的使用及原理解析,包括对mapper的xml配置文件的读取流程解读.
Mapper的内置方法
model层就是实体类，对应数据库的表。controller层是Servlet，主要是负责业务模块流程的控制，调用service接口的方法，在struts2就是Action。Service层主要做逻辑判断，Dao层是数据访问层，与数据库进行对接。至于Mapper是mybtis框架的映射用到,mapper映射文件在dao层用。
下面是介绍一下Mapper的内置方法：
1、countByExample ===>根据条件查询数量
int countByExample(UserExample example);
//下面是一个完整的案列
UserExample example = new UserExample();
Criteria criteria = example.createCriteria();
criteria.andUsernameEqualTo("joe");
int count = userDAO.countByExample(example);
相当于：select count(*) from user where username='joe'
2、deleteByExample ===>根据条件删除多条
int deleteByExample(AccountExample example);
//下面是一个完整的案例
UserExample example = new UserExample();
Criteria criteria = example.createCriteria();
criteria.andUsernameEqualTo("joe");
userDAO.deleteByExample(example);
相当于：delete from user where username='joe'
3、deleteByPrimaryKey===>根据条件删除单条
int deleteByPrimaryKey(Integer id); userDAO.deleteByPrimaryKey(101);
相当于：
delete from user where id=101
4、insert===>插入数据
int insert(Account record);
//下面是完整的案例
User user = new User();
//user.setId(101);
user.setUsername("test");
user.setPassword("123456")
user.setEmail("674531003@qq.com");
userDAO.insert(user);
相当于：
insert into user(ID,username,password,email) values(101,'test','123456','674531003@qq.com');
5、insertSelective===>插入数据
int insertSelective(Account record);
6、selectByExample===>根据条件查询数据
List<Account> selectByExample(AccountExample example);
//下面是一个完整的案例
UserExample example = new UserExample();
Criteria criteria = example.createCriteria();
criteria.andUsernameEqualTo("joe");
criteria.andUsernameIsNull();
example.setOrderByClause("username asc,email desc");
List<?>list = userDAO.selectByExample(example);
相当于：select * from user where username = 'joe' and username is null order by username asc,email desc
//注：在iBator 生成的文件UserExample.java中包含一个static 的内部类 Criteria ，在Criteria中有很多方法，主要是定义SQL 语句where后的查询条件。
7、selectByPrimaryKey===>根据主键查询数据
Account selectByPrimaryKey(Integer id);//相当于select * from user where id = 变量id
8、updateByExampleSelective===>按条件更新值不为null的字段
int updateByExampleSelective(@Param("record") Account record, @Param("example") AccountExample example);
//下面是一个完整的案列
UserExample example = new UserExample();
Criteria criteria = example.createCriteria();
criteria.andUsernameEqualTo("joe");
User user = new User();
user.setPassword("123");
userDAO.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(user,example);
相当于：update user set password='123' where username='joe'
9、updateByExampleSelective===>按条件更新
int updateByExample(@Param("record") Account record, @Param("example") AccountExample example);
10、updateByPrimaryKeySelective===>按条件更新
int updateByPrimaryKeySelective(Account record);
//下面是一个完整的案例
User user = new User();
user.setId(101);
user.setPassword("joe");
userDAO.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(user);
相当于：
update user set password='joe' where id=101
int updateByPrimaryKeySelective(Account record);
//下面是一个完整的案例
User user = new User();
user.setId(101);
user.setPassword("joe");
userDAO.updateByPrimaryKeySelective(user);
相当于：update user set password='joe' where id=101
11、updateByPrimaryKey===>按主键更新
int updateByPrimaryKey(Account record);
//下面是一个完整的案例
User user =new User();
user.setId(101);
user.setUsername("joe");
user.setPassword("joe");
user.setEmail("joe@163.com");
userDAO.updateByPrimaryKey(user);
相当于：
update user set username='joe',password='joe',email='joe@163.com' where id=101
int updateByPrimaryKey(Account record);
//下面是一个完整的案例
User user =new User();
user.setId(101);
user.setUsername("joe");
user.setPassword("joe");
user.setEmail("joe@163.com");
userDAO.updateByPrimaryKey(user);
相当于：
update user set username='joe',password='joe',email='joe@163.com' where id=101
解析mapper的xml配置文件
我们来看看mybatis是怎么读取mapper的xml配置文件并解析其中的sql语句。
我们还记得是这样配置sqlSessionFactory的：
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean"> <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" /> <property name="configLocation" value="classpath:configuration.xml"></property> <property name="mapperLocations" value="classpath:com/xxx/mybatis/mapper/*.xml"/> <property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.tiantian.mybatis.model" /> </bean>
这里配置了一个mapperLocations属性，它是一个表达式，sqlSessionFactory会根据这个表达式读取包com.xxx.mybaits.mapper下面的所有xml格式文件，那么具体是怎么根据这个属性来读取配置文件的呢？
答案就在SqlSessionFactoryBean类中的buildSqlSessionFactory方法中：
if (!isEmpty(this.mapperLocations)) {
for (Resource mapperLocation : this.mapperLocations) {
if (mapperLocation == null) {
continue;
}
try {
XMLMapperBuilder xmlMapperBuilder = new XMLMapperBuilder(mapperLocation.getInputStream(),
configuration, mapperLocation.toString(), configuration.getSqlFragments());
xmlMapperBuilder.parse();
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new NestedIOException("Failed to parse mapping resource: '" + mapperLocation + "'", e);
} finally {
ErrorContext.instance().reset();
}
if (logger.isDebugEnabled()) {
logger.debug("Parsed mapper file: '" + mapperLocation + "'");
}
}
}
mybatis使用XMLMapperBuilder类的实例来解析mapper配置文件。
public XMLMapperBuilder(Reader reader, Configuration configuration, String resource, Map<String, XNode> sqlFragments) {
this(new XPathParser(reader, true, configuration.getVariables(), new XMLMapperEntityResolver()),
configuration, resource, sqlFragments);
}
private XMLMapperBuilder(XPathParser parser, Configuration configuration, String resource, Map<String, XNode> sqlFragments) {
super(configuration);
this.builderAssistant = new MapperBuilderAssistant(configuration, resource);
this.parser = parser;
this.sqlFragments = sqlFragments;
this.resource = resource;
}
接着系统调用xmlMapperBuilder的parse方法解析mapper。
public void parse() {
//如果configuration对象还没加载xml配置文件（避免重复加载，实际上是确认是否解析了mapper节点的属性及内容，
//为解析它的子节点如cache、sql、select、resultMap、parameterMap等做准备），
//则从输入流中解析mapper节点，然后再将resource的状态置为已加载
if (!configuration.isResourceLoaded(resource)) {
configurationElement(parser.evalNode("/mapper"));
configuration.addLoadedResource(resource);
bindMapperForNamespace();
}
//解析在configurationElement函数中处理resultMap时其extends属性指向的父对象还没被处理的<resultMap>节点
parsePendingResultMaps();
//解析在configurationElement函数中处理cache-ref时其指向的对象不存在的<cache>节点(如果cache-ref先于其指向的cache节点加载就会出现这种情况)
parsePendingChacheRefs();
//同上，如果cache没加载的话处理statement时也会抛出异常
parsePendingStatements();
}
mybatis解析mapper的xml文件的过程已经很明显了，接下来我们看看它是怎么解析mapper的：
private void configurationElement(XNode context) {
try {
//获取mapper节点的namespace属性
String namespace = context.getStringAttribute("namespace");
if (namespace.equals("")) {
throw new BuilderException("Mapper's namespace cannot be empty");
}
//设置当前namespace
builderAssistant.setCurrentNamespace(namespace);
//解析mapper的<cache-ref>节点
cacheRefElement(context.evalNode("cache-ref"));
//解析mapper的<cache>节点
cacheElement(context.evalNode("cache"));
//解析mapper的<parameterMap>节点
parameterMapElement(context.evalNodes("/mapper/parameterMap"));
//解析mapper的<resultMap>节点
resultMapElements(context.evalNodes("/mapper/resultMap"));
//解析mapper的<sql>节点
sqlElement(context.evalNodes("/mapper/sql"));
//使用XMLStatementBuilder的对象解析mapper的<select>、<insert>、<update>、<delete>节点,
//mybaits会使用MappedStatement.Builder类build一个MappedStatement对象,
//所以mybaits中一个sql对应一个MappedStatement
buildStatementFromContext(context.evalNodes("select|insert|update|delete"));
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new BuilderException("Error parsing Mapper XML. Cause: " + e, e);
}
}
configurationElement函数几乎解析了mapper节点下所有子节点，至此mybaits解析了mapper中的所有节点，并将其加入到了Configuration对象中提供给sqlSessionFactory对象随时使用。这里我们需要补充讲一下mybaits是怎么使用XMLStatementBuilder类的对象的parseStatementNode函数借用MapperBuilderAssistant类对象builderAssistant的addMappedStatement解析MappedStatement并将其关联到Configuration类对象的：
public void parseStatementNode() {
//ID属性
String id = context.getStringAttribute("id");
//databaseId属性
String databaseId = context.getStringAttribute("databaseId");
if (!databaseIdMatchesCurrent(id, databaseId, this.requiredDatabaseId)) {
return;
}
//fetchSize属性
Integer fetchSize = context.getIntAttribute("fetchSize");
//timeout属性
Integer timeout = context.getIntAttribute("timeout");
//parameterMap属性
String parameterMap = context.getStringAttribute("parameterMap");
//parameterType属性
String parameterType = context.getStringAttribute("parameterType");
Class<?> parameterTypeClass = resolveClass(parameterType);
//resultMap属性
String resultMap = context.getStringAttribute("resultMap");
//resultType属性
String resultType = context.getStringAttribute("resultType");
//lang属性
String lang = context.getStringAttribute("lang");
LanguageDriver langDriver = getLanguageDriver(lang);
Class<?> resultTypeClass = resolveClass(resultType);
//resultSetType属性
String resultSetType = context.getStringAttribute("resultSetType");
StatementType statementType = StatementType.valueOf(context.getStringAttribute("statementType", StatementType.PREPARED.toString()));
ResultSetType resultSetTypeEnum = resolveResultSetType(resultSetType);
String nodeName = context.getNode().getNodeName();
SqlCommandType sqlCommandType = SqlCommandType.valueOf(nodeName.toUpperCase(Locale.ENGLISH));
//是否是<select>节点
boolean isSelect = sqlCommandType == SqlCommandType.SELECT;
//flushCache属性
boolean flushCache = context.getBooleanAttribute("flushCache", !isSelect);
//useCache属性
boolean useCache = context.getBooleanAttribute("useCache", isSelect);
//resultOrdered属性
boolean resultOrdered = context.getBooleanAttribute("resultOrdered", false);
// Include Fragments before parsing
XMLIncludeTransformer includeParser = new XMLIncludeTransformer(configuration, builderAssistant);
includeParser.applyIncludes(context.getNode());
// Parse selectKey after includes and remove them.
processSelectKeyNodes(id, parameterTypeClass, langDriver);
// Parse the SQL (pre: <selectKey> and <include> were parsed and removed)
SqlSource sqlSource = langDriver.createSqlSource(configuration, context, parameterTypeClass);
//resultSets属性
String resultSets = context.getStringAttribute("resultSets");
//keyProperty属性
String keyProperty = context.getStringAttribute("keyProperty");
//keyColumn属性
String keyColumn = context.getStringAttribute("keyColumn");
KeyGenerator keyGenerator;
String keyStatementId = id + SelectKeyGenerator.SELECT_KEY_SUFFIX;
keyStatementId = builderAssistant.applyCurrentNamespace(keyStatementId, true);
if (configuration.hasKeyGenerator(keyStatementId)) {
keyGenerator = configuration.getKeyGenerator(keyStatementId);
} else {
//useGeneratedKeys属性
keyGenerator = context.getBooleanAttribute("useGeneratedKeys",
configuration.isUseGeneratedKeys() && SqlCommandType.INSERT.equals(sqlCommandType))
? new Jdbc3KeyGenerator() : new NoKeyGenerator();
}
builderAssistant.addMappedStatement(id, sqlSource, statementType, sqlCommandType,
fetchSize, timeout, parameterMap, parameterTypeClass, resultMap, resultTypeClass,
resultSetTypeEnum, flushCache, useCache, resultOrdered,
keyGenerator, keyProperty, keyColumn, databaseId, langDriver, resultSets);
}
由以上代码可以看出mybaits使用XPath解析mapper的配置文件后将其中的resultMap、parameterMap、cache、statement等节点使用关联的builder创建并将得到的对象关联到configuration对象中，而这个configuration对象可以从sqlSession中获取的，这就解释了我们在使用sqlSession对数据库进行操作时mybaits怎么获取到mapper并执行其中的sql语句的问题。