Java+MyBatis+MySQL开发环境搭建流程详解
作者：czj4451
Java的MyBatis框架提供了强大的数据库操作支持,这里我们先在本地的开发环境中上手,来看一下Java+MyBatis+MySQL开发环境搭建流程详
主要搭建过程
1. pom.xml文件中加入mybatis和数据库依赖，这里使用mysql：
<properties>
<mybatis.version>3.2.3</mybatis.version>
<mysql.version>5.1.26</mysql.version>
<slf4j.api.version>1.7.5</slf4j.api.version>
<testng.version>6.8.7</testng.version>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.mybatis</groupId>
<artifactId>mybatis</artifactId>
<version>${mybatis.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Database driver -->
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>${mysql.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- mybatis启动要加载log4j -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
<artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId>
<version>${slf4j.api.version}</version>
</dependency>
<!-- Test -->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.testng</groupId>
<artifactId>testng</artifactId>
<version>${testng.version}</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2. 在类路径下创建mybatis的配置文件Configuration.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE configuration PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Config 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-config.dtd">
<configuration>
<typeAliases><!-- 别名 -->
<typeAlias alias="User" type="com.john.hbatis.model.User" />
</typeAliases>
<environments default="development">
<environment id="development">
<transactionManager type="JDBC"/>
<dataSource type="POOLED"><!-- 数据源 -->
<property name="driver" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver" />
<property name="url" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/hbatis" />
<property name="username" value="root" />
<property name="password" value="123456" />
</dataSource>
</environment>
</environments>
<mappers><!-- ORM映射文件 -->
<mapper resource="com/john/hbatis/model/User.xml" />
</mappers>
</configuration>
3. 执行创建数据库和表的sql：
-- Create the database named 'hbatis'.
-- It's OK to use `, not OK to use ' or " surrounding the database name to prevent it from being interpreted as a keyword if possible.
CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS `hbatis`
DEFAULT CHARACTER SET = `UTF8`;
-- Create a table named 'User'
CREATE TABLE `user` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(50) DEFAULT NULL,
`age` int(11) DEFAULT NULL,
`address` varchar(200) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT=2 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
-- Insert a test record
Insert INTO `user` VALUES ('1', 'john', '120', 'hangzhou,westlake');
4. com.john.hbatis.model.User类：
public class User {
private int id;
private String name;
private String age;
private String address;
// Getters and setters are omitted
// 如果有带参数的构造器，编译器不会自动生成无参构造器。当查询需要返回对象时，ORM框架用反射来调用对象的无参构造函数，导致异常：java.lang.NoSuchMethodException: com.john.hbatis.model.User.<init>()
// 这时需要明确写出：
public User() {
}
public User(int id, String address) {
this.id = id;
this.address = address;
}
public User(String name, int age, String address) {
this.name = name;
this.age = age;
this.address = address;
}
}
com/john/hbatis/model路径下的User.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-//mybatis.org//DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "http://mybatis.org/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd">
<mapper namespace="com.john.hbatis.model.UserMapper">
<select id="getUserById" parameterType="int" resultType="User">
select * from `user` where id = #{id}
</select>
</mapper>
5. 测试类：
public class MyBatisBasicTest {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(MyBatisBasicTest.class);
private static SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory;
private static Reader reader;
@BeforeClass
public static void initial() {
try {
reader = Resources.getResourceAsReader("Configuration.xml");
sqlSessionFactory = new SqlSessionFactoryBuilder().build(reader);
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("Error thrown while reading the configuration: {}", e);
} finally {
if (reader != null) {
try {
reader.close();
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("Error thrown while closing the reader: {}", e);
}
}
}
}
@Test
public void queryTest() {
SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
User user = (User)session.selectOne("com.john.hbatis.model.UserMapper.getUserById", 1);
log.info("{}: {}", user.getName(), user.getAddress());
}
}
以接口方式交互数据
上面的环境搭建是采用SqlSession的通用方法并强制转换的方式，存在着转换安全的问题：
User user = (User)session.selectOne("com.john.hbatis.model.UserMapper.getUserById", 1);
可以采用接口加sql语句的方式来解决，sql语句理解为是接口的实现：
1. 新建接口类：
package com.john.hbatis.mapper;
import com.john.hbatis.model.User;
public interface IUserMapper {
User getUserById(int id);
}
2. 修改User.xml文件，确保namespace属性值和接口的全限定名相同，且id属性值和接口方法名相同：
<mapper namespace="com.john.hbatis.mapper.IUserMapper"> <select id="getUserById"
3. 在MyBatisBasicTest类中添加测试方法：
@Test
public void queryInInterfaceWayTest() {
SqlSession session = sqlSessionFactory.openSession();
IUserMapper mapper = session.getMapper(IUserMapper.class); // 如果namespace和接口全限定名不一致，报org.apache.ibatis.binding.BindingException: Type interface com..IUserMapper is not known to the MapperRegistry异常。
User user = mapper.getUserById(1);
log.info("{}: {}", user.getName(), user.getAddress());
}
附：
上面的实现是把sql语句放在XML文件中，并通过一定的约束来保证接口能够在XML中找到对应的SQL语句；
还有一种方式是通过接口+注解SQL方式来交互数据：
1. 新建接口类：
package com.john.hbatis.mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
import com.john.hbatis.model.User;
public interface IUserMapper2 {
@Select({ "select * from `user` where id = #{id}" })
User getUserById(int id);
}
2. 在Configuration.xml文件中加入：
<mappers> <mapper class="com.john.hbatis.mapper.IUserMapper2" /> </mappers>
或在初始化语句中加入：
sqlSessionFactory.getConfiguration().addMapper(IUserMapper2.class);
3. 相应修改上面的测试方法：
IUserMapper2 mapper = session.getMapper(IUserMapper2.class);