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Linux下用Nginx作Perl程序服务器及其中Perl模块的配置

投稿:goldensun

这篇文章主要介绍了Linux下用Nginx作Perl程序服务器及其中Perl模块的配置,文中使用到了FastCGI中间件进行连接,需要的朋友可以参考下

perl + fastcgi + nginx搭建

nginx + fastcgi是php下最流行的一套环境了,那perl会不会也有fastcgi呢,当然有,今天来搭建下nginx下perl的fastcgi.性能方面也不亚于php,但是现在web程序php的流行程度perl无法比拟了,性能再好也枉然,但是部分小功能可以考虑使用perl的fastcgi来搞定.进入正题.
1. 准备软件环境:

nginx:http://www.nginx.org
perl:系统自带
fastcgi:http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/FCGI/
1.1 nginx安装
这里就不再详细介绍了~
1.2 perl安装
一般linux都有自带perl,可以不用安装,如果确实没有,请执行:

# yum install perl

1.3 perl-fastcgi安装

# cd /usr/local/src
# wget http://www.cpan.org/modules/by-module/FCGI/FCGI-0.74.tar.gz
# tar -xzvf FCGI-0.74.tar.gz
# cd FCGI-0.74
# perl Makefile.PL 
# make
# make install

2. nginx虚拟主机配置

server {
 
  listen  80;
  server_name test.jb51.net;
  #access_log /data/logs/nginx/test.jb51.net.access.log main;
 
  index index.html index.php index.html;
  root /data/site/test.jb51.net;
 
  location / 
  {
 
  }
 
  location ~ \.pl$ 
  {
   include fastcgi_params;
   fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:8999;
   #fastcgi_pass unix:/var/run/jb51.net.perl.sock;
   fastcgi_index index.pl;
  }
}

如果想把tcp/ip方式改为socket方式,可以修改fastcgi-wrapper.pl.

$socket = FCGI::OpenSocket( "127.0.0.1:8999", 10 ); #use IP sockets

改为

$socket = FCGI::OpenSocket( "/var/run/jb51.net.perl.sock", 10 ); #use IP sockets

3. 配置脚本

3.1 fastcgi监听脚本
文件路径:/usr/bin/fastcgi-wrapper.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl
 
use FCGI;
use Socket;
use POSIX qw(setsid);
 
require 'syscall.ph';
 
&daemonize;
 
#this keeps the program alive or something after exec'ing perl scripts
END() { } BEGIN() { }
*CORE::GLOBAL::exit = sub { die "fakeexit\nrc=".shift()."\n"; };
eval q{exit};
if ($@) {
 exit unless $@ =~ /^fakeexit/;
};
 
&main;
 
sub daemonize() {
 chdir '/'     or die "Can't chdir to /: $!";
 defined(my $pid = fork) or die "Can't fork: $!";
 exit if $pid;
 setsid     or die "Can't start a new session: $!";
 umask 0;
}
 
sub main {
  $socket = FCGI::OpenSocket( "127.0.0.1:8999", 10 ); #use IP sockets
  $request = FCGI::Request( \*STDIN, \*STDOUT, \*STDERR, \%req_params, $socket );
  if ($request) { request_loop()};
   FCGI::CloseSocket( $socket );
}
 
sub request_loop {
  while( $request->Accept() >= 0 ) {
 
   #processing any STDIN input from WebServer (for CGI-POST actions)
   $stdin_passthrough ='';
   $req_len = 0 + $req_params{'CONTENT_LENGTH'};
   if (($req_params{'REQUEST_METHOD'} eq 'POST') && ($req_len != 0) ){
    my $bytes_read = 0;
    while ($bytes_read < $req_len) {
      my $data = '';
      my $bytes = read(STDIN, $data, ($req_len - $bytes_read));
      last if ($bytes == 0 || !defined($bytes));
      $stdin_passthrough .= $data;
      $bytes_read += $bytes;
    }
   }
 
   #running the cgi app
   if ( (-x $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME}) && #can I execute this?
     (-s $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME}) && #Is this file empty?
     (-r $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME})  #can I read this file?
   ){
  pipe(CHILD_RD, PARENT_WR);
  my $pid = open(KID_TO_READ, "-|");
  unless(defined($pid)) {
   print("Content-type: text/plain\r\n\r\n");
      print "Error: CGI app returned no output - ";
      print "Executing $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} failed !\n";
   next;
  }
  if ($pid > 0) {
   close(CHILD_RD);
   print PARENT_WR $stdin_passthrough;
   close(PARENT_WR);
 
   while(my $s = <KID_TO_READ>) { print $s; }
   close KID_TO_READ;
   waitpid($pid, 0);
  } else {
     foreach $key ( keys %req_params){
      $ENV{$key} = $req_params{$key};
     }
     # cd to the script's local directory
     if ($req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} =~ /^(.*)\/[^\/]+$/) {
       chdir $1;
     }
 
   close(PARENT_WR);
   close(STDIN);
   #fcntl(CHILD_RD, F_DUPFD, 0);
   syscall(&SYS_dup2, fileno(CHILD_RD), 0);
   #open(STDIN, "<&CHILD_RD");
   exec($req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME});
   die("exec failed");
  }
   }
   else {
    print("Content-type: text/plain\r\n\r\n");
    print "Error: No such CGI app - $req_params{SCRIPT_FILENAME} may not ";
    print "exist or is not executable by this process.\n";
   }
 
  }
}

3.2 fastcgi自启动服务脚本:

文件路径:/etc/rc.d/init.d/perl-fastcgi

文件路径:/etc/rc.d/init.d/perl-fastcgi
 

#!/bin/sh
#
# nginx – this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /opt/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# pidfile: /opt/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
 
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
 
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
 
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
 
perlfastcgi="/usr/bin/fastcgi-wrapper.pl"
prog=$(basename perl)
 
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/perl-fastcgi
 
start() {
 [ -x $perlfastcgi ] || exit 5
 echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
 daemon $perlfastcgi
 retval=$?
 echo
 [ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
 return $retval
}
 
stop() {
 echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
 killproc $prog -QUIT
 retval=$?
 echo
 [ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
 return $retval
}
 
restart() {
 stop
 start
}
 
reload() {
 echo -n $”Reloading $prog: ”
 killproc $nginx -HUP
 RETVAL=$?
 echo
}
 
force_reload() {
 restart
}
rh_status() {
 status $prog
}
 
rh_status_q() {
 rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
 
case "$1" in
 start)
  rh_status_q && exit 0
  $1
  ;;
 stop)
  rh_status_q || exit 0
  $1
  ;;
 restart)
  $1
  ;;
 reload)
  rh_status_q || exit 7
  $1
  ;;
 force-reload)
  force_reload
  ;;
 status)
  rh_status
  ;;
 condrestart|try-restart)
  rh_status_q || exit 0
  ;;
 *)
  echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload}"
  exit 2
 esac

3.3 设置脚本权限

# chmod a+x /usr/bin/fastcgi-wrapper.pl
# chmod a+x /etc/rc.d/init.d/perl-fastcgi


4. FastCGI测试
4.1 启动nginx与fastcgi

# /usr/local/nginx-1.4.2/sbin/nginx
# /etc/init.d/perl-fastcgi start

4.2 perl测试文件:
文件路径/data/site/test.jb51.net/test.pl

#!/usr/bin/perl
 
print "Content-type:text/html\n\n";
print <<EndOfHTML;
<html><head><title>Perl Environment Variables</title></head>
<body>
<h1>Perl Environment Variables</h1>
EndOfHTML
 
foreach $key (sort(keys %ENV)) {
 print "$key = $ENV{$key}<br>\n";
}
 
print "</body></html>";

5. 访问测试

5.1 访问
http://http:test.jb51.net/test.pl,出现内容表示OK.
 
6. 简单压力测试:
6.1 使用tcp/ip方式

ab -n 1000 -c 10 http://test.jb51.net/test.pl

他是在是太慢了,只好用10个并发,共计100个请求来测试.

201621100220855.jpg (616×191)

6.2 使用socket方式:

ab -n 100000 -c 500 http://test.jb51.net/test.pl

201621100303553.jpg (616×227)

很奇怪,使用tcp/ip方式,每秒就140多个请求,而使用socket方式却有5800个请求/秒。差距不是一般的大。顺便测试了一下php的fastcgi,大概请求在3000(tcp/ip方式),4800(socket方式)。

perl模块的使用
如果对于一个绝大部分内容是静态的网站,只有极少数的地方需要动态显示,碰巧你又了解一点perl知识,那么nginx + perl的结合就能很好解决问题。要想nginx支持perl脚本,在编译nginx时候需要如下参数:

./configure --with-http_perl_module

如果make时候出现如下类似错误:

Can't locate ExtUtils/Embed.pm in @INC (@INC contains: /usr/lib/perl5/5.10.0/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/5.10.0 /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.10.0/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl/5.10.0 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.10.0/i386-linux-thread-multi /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl/5.10.0 /usr/lib/perl5/vendor_perl /usr/local/lib/perl5/site_perl .)

你的机器上可能需要安装perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed,对于centos系统,直接使用yum搞定,例如:

yum -y install perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed

nginx中使用perl有两种方法,一种是直接在配置文件写,还有一种是把perl脚本写在外部文件中,下面主要介绍一下第二种用法。
假设nginx的根目录为/usr/local/nginx,perl脚本存放的目录为nginx的根目录下的perl/lib下,脚本名字为test.pm,nginx配置为:

#位于http配置中
 perl_modules perl/lib;
 perl_require test.pm;
 
#位于server配置中
 location /user/ {
 perl pkg_name::process;
 }

上述配置是把所有来自http://servername/user/下的请求交由test.pm脚本中定义的process方法来处理。
test.pm脚本的内容如下:

package pkg_name;
 
use Time::Local;
use nginx;
 
sub process {
 my $r = shift;
 
 $r-&gt;send_http_header('text/html; charset=utf-8');
 my @arr = split('/', $r-&gt;uri);
 my $username = @arr[2];
 
 if (!$username || ($username eq "")) {
 $username = "Anonymous";
 }
 
 $r-&gt;print('Hello, You name is : <strong>' . $username . '</strong>');
 $r-&gt;rflush();
 return;
}
 
1;
__END__

当你访问http://servername/user/netingcn,你应该可以在网页上看到:

Hello, You name is : netingcn

另外:当使用 use nginx 时,会有如下的对象可以调用,可以看到上面 shift 一个对象到 $r 上,然后就可以用 $r 调用那些对象了:

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