AngularJS实现表单手动验证和表单自动验证
投稿：lijiao
本文是对AngularJS表单验证，手动验证或自动验证的讲解，对学习JavaScript编程技术有所帮助，感兴趣的小伙伴们可以参考一下
AngularJS的表单验证大致有两种，一种是手动验证，一种是自动验证。
一、手动验证
所谓手动验证是通过AngularJS表单的属性来验证。而成为AngularJS表单必须满足两个条件：
1、给form元素加上novalidate="novalidate"；
2、给form元素加上name="theForm"，如下：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" ng-app="myApp1">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/main.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<nav >
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">Form Submitting</a>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<div class="container main-content" ng-controller="myCtrl1">
<!--novalidate让表单不要使用html验证-->
<!--theForm变成scope的一个字段-->
<form ng-submit="onSubmit(theForm.$valid)" novalidate="novalidate" name="theForm">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="name">Name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" ng-model="formModel.name"/>
</div>
<div class="form-group" ng-class="{
'has-error': !theForm.email.$valid && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted),
'has-success': theForm.email.$valid && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted)
}">
<label for="email">Email</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" ng-model="formModel.email" required="required" name="email"/>
<p class="help-block" ng-show="theForm.email.$error.required && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted)">必填</p>
<p class="help-block" ng-show="theForm.email.$error.email && (!theForm.$pristine || theForm.$submitted)">email格式不正确</p>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="username">Username</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="username" ng-model="formModel.username"/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age">Age</label>
<input type="number" class="form-control" id="age" ng-model="formModel.age"/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="sex">Sex</label>
<select name="sex" id="sex" class="form-control" ng-model="formModel.sex">
<option value="">Please choose</option>
<option value="male">Mail</option>
<option value="femail">Femail</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="password">Password</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="password" ng-model="formModel.password"/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<button class="btn btn-primary" type="submit">Register</button>
</div>
<pre>
{{theForm | json}}
</pre>
</form>
</div>
<script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="second.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
● 给form加上novalidate="novalidate"意味着表单将不再使用HTML5验证特性
● 给form加上name="theForm"意味着表单的名称是theForm。如何使用theForm,比如我们验证表单是否被修改过theForm.$submitted
● 通过ng-submit提交表单
● formModel是$scope中的一个属性
● 对表单的Email进行了手动验证，使用了AngularJS表单的众多属性，比如theForm.email.$valid，theForm.$pristine，theForm.$submitted， theForm.email.$error.required，theForm.email.$error.email
● 通过<pre>{{theForm | json}}</pre>把AngularJS表单的所有属性都打印出来
{
"$error": {
"required": [
{
"$validators": {},
"$asyncValidators": {},
"$parsers": [],
"$formatters": [
null
],
"$viewChangeListeners": [],
"$untouched": true,
"$touched": false,
"$pristine": true,
"$dirty": false,
"$valid": false,
"$invalid": true,
"$error": {
"required": true
},
"$name": "email",
"$options": null
}
]
},
"$name": "theForm",
"$dirty": false,
"$pristine": true,
"$valid": false,
"$invalid": true,
"$submitted": false,
"email": {
"$validators": {},
"$asyncValidators": {},
"$parsers": [],
"$formatters": [
null
],
"$viewChangeListeners": [],
"$untouched": true,
"$touched": false,
"$pristine": true,
"$dirty": false,
"$valid": false,
"$invalid": true,
"$error": {
"required": true
},
"$name": "email",
"$options": null
},
"sex": {
"$validators": {},
"$asyncValidators": {},
"$parsers": [],
"$formatters": [],
"$viewChangeListeners": [],
"$untouched": true,
"$touched": false,
"$pristine": true,
"$dirty": false,
"$valid": true,
"$invalid": false,
"$error": {},
"$name": "sex",
"$options": null
}
}
以上，凡是有name属性的input都被显示在上面。
在second.js文件中定义了module,controller以及提交表单的方法。
var myApp1 = angular.module('myApp1',[]);
myApp1.controller('myCtrl1', function($scope, $http){
$scope.formModel = {};
$scope.onSubmit = function(){
$http.post('someurl',$scope.formModel)
.success(function(data){
console.log(':)');
})
.error(function(data){
console.log(':(');
});
console.log($scope.formModel);
};
});
以上的表单验证方式好处是可控性强，但相对繁琐。
二、自动验证
AngularJS的另外一种表单验证方式是自动验证，即通过directive来实现，除了AngularJS自带的directive,还需要用到angular-auto-validate这个第三方module。
有关angular-auto-validate：
● 安装：npm i angular-auto-validate
● 引用：<script src="../node_modules/angular-auto-validate/dist/jcs-auto-validate.min.js"></script>
● module依赖：var myApp = angular.module("app", ["jcs-autoValidate"]);
为了实现错误信息本地化，还需要angular-localize这个第三方module：
● 安装：npm install angular-localize --save
● module依赖：var myApp = angular.module("app", ["localize"]);
● 引用：
<script src="../node_modules/angular-sanitize/angular-sanitize.min.js"></script> <script src="../node_modules/angular-localize/angular-localize.min.js"></script>
此外，当点击提交表单按钮，需要禁用按钮并显示一种等待效果，需要用到angular-ladda这个第三方module:
● 安装：bower install angular-ladda --save
● module依赖：var myApp = angular.module("app", ["angular-ladda"]);
● 引用：
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda-themeless.min.css"/> <script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/spin.min.js"></script> <script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda.min.js"></script> <script src="../bower_components/angular-ladda/dist/angular-ladda.min.js"></script>
页面如下：
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" ng-app="myApp1">
<head>
<meta charset="gb2312">
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../node_modules/bootstrap/dist/css/bootstrap.min.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda-themeless.min.css"/>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="../css/main.css"/>
</head>
<body>
<nav >
<div class="container">
<div class="navbar-header">
<a href="/" class="navbar-brand">Form Validating Auto</a>
</div>
</div>
</nav>
<div class="container main-content" ng-controller="myCtrl1">
<!--novalidate让表单不要使用html验证-->
<!--theForm变成scope的一个字段-->
<form ng-submit="onSubmit()" novalidate="novalidate">
<div class="form-group">
<label for="name" class="control-label">Name</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="name" ng-model="formModel.name" required="required"/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="email" class="control-label">Email</label>
<input type="email" class="form-control" id="email" ng-model="formModel.email" required="required"/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="username" class="control-label">Username</label>
<input type="text"
class="form-control"
id="username"
ng-model="formModel.username"
required="required"
ng-pattern="/^[A-Za-z0-9_]{1,32}$/"
ng-minlength="7"
ng-pattern-err-type="badUsername"
/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="age" class="control-label">Age</label>
<input type="number"
class="form-control"
id="age"
ng-model="formModel.age"
required="required"
min="18"
max="65"
ng-min-err-type="tooYoung"
ng-max-err-type="tooOld"
/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="sex" class="control-label">Sex</label>
<select name="sex" id="sex" class="form-control" ng-model="formModel.sex" required="required">
<option value="">Please choose</option>
<option value="male">Mail</option>
<option value="femail">Femail</option>
</select>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<label for="password" class="control-label">Password</label>
<input type="text" class="form-control" id="password" ng-model="formModel.password" required="required" ng-minlength="6"/>
</div>
<div class="form-group">
<!--<button class="btn btn-primary" ng-click="onSubmit()">Register</button>-->
<button class="btn btn-primary"
ladda = "submitting"
data-style="expand-right"
type="submit">
<span ng-show="submitting">正在注册...</span>
<span ng-show="!submitting">注册</span>
</button>
</div>
<pre>
{{formModel | json}}
</pre>
</form>
</div>
<script src="../node_modules/angular/angular.min.js"></script>
<script src="form_validation_auto.js"></script>
<script src="../node_modules/angular-auto-validate/dist/jcs-auto-validate.min.js"></script>
<script src="../node_modules/angular-sanitize/angular-sanitize.min.js"></script>
<script src="../node_modules/angular-localize/angular-localize.min.js"></script>
<script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/spin.min.js"></script>
<script src="../bower_components/ladda/dist/ladda.min.js"></script>
<script src="../bower_components/angular-ladda/dist/angular-ladda.min.js"></script>
</body>
</html>
以上，先看提交按钮：
<div >
<!--<button class="btn btn-primary" ng-click="onSubmit()">Register</button>-->
<button class="btn btn-primary"
ladda = "submitting"
data-style="expand-right"
type="submit">
<span ng-show="submitting">正在注册...</span>
<span ng-show="!submitting">注册</span>
</button>
</div>
● ladda属性值为bool值，true表示显示动态等待效果，false不显示动态等待效果，这里的submitting是scope中的一个属性
● data-style="expand-right"表示在按钮的右侧显示动态等待效果
再拿表单中的Age字段来说：
<div >
<label for="age" class="control-label">Age</label>
<input type="number"
class="form-control"
id="age"
ng-model="formModel.age"
required="required"
min="18"
max="65"
ng-min-err-type="tooYoung"
ng-max-err-type="tooOld"
/>
</div>
其中,min, max为AgularJS的directive,而ng-min-err-type是angular-auto-validate的directive。这里遵循的惯例是ng-AngularJS表单验证的directive名称-err-type，而tooYoung和tooOld的作用是什么，又是在哪里用上了呢？
是在module层面用上了，定义在了form_validation_auto.js文件中。
var myApp1 = angular.module('myApp1',['jcs-autoValidate','localize','angular-ladda']);
myApp1.run(function(defaultErrorMessageResolver){
defaultErrorMessageResolver.getErrorMessages().then(function(errorMessages){
errorMessages['tooYoung'] = '年龄必须小于{0}';
errorMessages['tooOld'] = '年龄不能大于{0}';
errorMessages['badUsername'] = '用户名只能包含数字、字母或下划线';
});
});
myApp1.controller('myCtrl1', function($scope, $http){
$scope.formModel = {};
$scope.submitting = false;
$scope.onSubmit = function(){
$scope.submitting = true;
console.log('已提交');
console.log($scope.formModel);
$http.post('url',$scope.formModel)
.success(function(data){
console.log(':)');
$scope.submitting = false;
})
.error(function(data){
console.log(':(');
$scope.submitting = false;
});
};
});
以上，在run方法中使用angular-auto-validate的defaultErrorMessageResolver服务，对错误信息进行为了自定义。页面上的tooYoung和tooOld和这里的errorMessages['tooYoung']和errorMessages['badUsername']对应。
本文的全部内容就为大家介绍到这里，希望对大家学习AngularJS实现表单验证有所帮助。