C#绘制曲线图的方法
作者：小编辑
这篇文章主要介绍了C#绘制曲线图的方法,以完整实例形式较为详细的分析了C#进行曲线绘制的具体步骤与相关技巧,具有一定参考借鉴价值,需要的朋友可以参考下
本文实例讲述了C#绘制曲线图的方法。分享给大家供大家参考。具体如下：
1. 曲线图效果：
2. C#代码：
/// <summary>
/// 自动根据参数调整图像大小
/// </summary>
public void Fit()
{
//计算字体距离
intFontSpace = FontSize + 5;
//计算图像边距
float fltSpace = Math.Min(Width / 6, Height / 6);
XSpace = fltSpace;
YSpace = fltSpace;
//计算X轴刻度宽度
XSlice = (Width - 2 * XSpace) / (Keys.Length - 1);
//计算Y轴刻度宽度和Y轴刻度开始值
float fltMinValue = 0;
float fltMaxValue = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < Values.Length; i++)
{
if (Values[i] < fltMinValue)
{
fltMinValue = Values[i];
}
else if (Values[i] > fltMaxValue)
{
fltMaxValue = Values[i];
}
}
if (YSliceBegin > fltMinValue)
{
YSliceBegin = fltMinValue;
}
int intYSliceCount = (int)(fltMaxValue / YSliceValue);
if (fltMaxValue % YSliceValue != 0)
{
intYSliceCount++;
}
YSlice = (Height - 2 * YSpace) / intYSliceCount;
}
3. 数据缩小一个级别的效果：
4. 完整代码 DrawingCurve.cs：
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Text;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing.Drawing2D;
namespace SarchPMS.Business.Draw
{
public class DrawingCurve : DrawingChart
{
/// <summary>
/// 画曲线图
/// </summary>
/// <param name="dsParameter"></param>
/// <returns></returns>
public override Bitmap DrawImage(DataSet dsParameter)
{
Curve2D cuv2D = new Curve2D();
cuv2D.Fit();
return cuv2D.CreateImage();
}
}
public class Curve2D
{
private Graphics objGraphics; //Graphics 类提供将对象绘制到显示设备的方法
private Bitmap objBitmap; //位图对象
private float fltWidth = 480; //图像宽度
private float fltHeight = 248; //图像高度
private float fltXSlice = 50; //X轴刻度宽度
private float fltYSlice = 50; //Y轴刻度宽度
private float fltYSliceValue = 20; //Y轴刻度的数值宽度
private float fltYSliceBegin = 0; //Y轴刻度开始值
private float fltTension = 0.5f;
private string strTitle = "曲线图"; //标题
private string strXAxisText = "月份"; //X轴说明文字
private string strYAxisText = "万元"; //Y轴说明文字
private string[] strsKeys = new string[] { "一月", "二月", "三月", "四月", "五月", "六月", "七月", "八月", "九月", "十月", "十一月", "十二月" }; //键
private float[] fltsValues = new float[] { 20.0f, 30.0f, 50.0f, 55.4f, 21.6f, 12.8f, 99.5f, 36.4f, 78.2f, 56.4f, 45.8f, 66.5f, 99.5f, 36.4f, 78.2f, 56.4f, 45.8f, 66.5f, 20.0f, 30.0f, 50.0f, 55.4f, 21.6f, 12.8f }; //值
private Color clrBgColor = Color.Snow; //背景色
private Color clrTextColor = Color.Black; //文字颜色
private Color clrBorderColor = Color.Black; //整体边框颜色
private Color clrAxisColor = Color.Black; //轴线颜色
private Color clrAxisTextColor = Color.Black; //轴说明文字颜色
private Color clrSliceTextColor = Color.Black; //刻度文字颜色
private Color clrSliceColor = Color.Black; //刻度颜色
private Color[] clrsCurveColors = new Color[] { Color.Red, Color.Blue }; //曲线颜色
private float fltXSpace = 100f; //图像左右距离边缘距离
private float fltYSpace = 100f; //图像上下距离边缘距离
private int intFontSize = 9; //字体大小号数
private float fltXRotateAngle = 30f; //X轴文字旋转角度
private float fltYRotateAngle = 0f; //Y轴文字旋转角度
private int intCurveSize = 2; //曲线线条大小
private int intFontSpace = 0; //intFontSpace 是字体大小和距离调整出来的一个比较适合的数字
#region 公共属性
/// <summary>
/// 图像的宽度
/// </summary>
public float Width
{
set
{
if (value < 100)
{
fltWidth = 100;
}
else
{
fltWidth = value;
}
}
get
{
if (fltWidth <= 100)
{
return 100;
}
else
{
return fltWidth;
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 图像的高度
/// </summary>
public float Height
{
set
{
if (value < 100)
{
fltHeight = 100;
}
else
{
fltHeight = value;
}
}
get
{
if (fltHeight <= 100)
{
return 100;
}
else
{
return fltHeight;
}
}
}
/// <summary>
/// X轴刻度宽度
/// </summary>
public float XSlice
{
set { fltXSlice = value; }
get { return fltXSlice; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Y轴刻度宽度
/// </summary>
public float YSlice
{
set { fltYSlice = value; }
get { return fltYSlice; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Y轴刻度的数值宽度
/// </summary>
public float YSliceValue
{
set { fltYSliceValue = value; }
get { return fltYSliceValue; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Y轴刻度开始值
/// </summary>
public float YSliceBegin
{
set { fltYSliceBegin = value; }
get { return fltYSliceBegin; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 张力系数
/// </summary>
public float Tension
{
set
{
if (value < 0.0f && value > 1.0f)
{
fltTension = 0.5f;
}
else
{
fltTension = value;
}
}
get
{
return fltTension;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 标题
/// </summary>
public string Title
{
set { strTitle = value; }
get { return strTitle; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 键，X轴数据
/// </summary>
public string[] Keys
{
set { strsKeys = value; }
get { return strsKeys; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 值，Y轴数据
/// </summary>
public float[] Values
{
set { fltsValues = value; }
get { return fltsValues; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 背景色
/// </summary>
public Color BgColor
{
set { clrBgColor = value; }
get { return clrBgColor; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 文字颜色
/// </summary>
public Color TextColor
{
set { clrTextColor = value; }
get { return clrTextColor; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 整体边框颜色
/// </summary>
public Color BorderColor
{
set { clrBorderColor = value; }
get { return clrBorderColor; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 轴线颜色
/// </summary>
public Color AxisColor
{
set { clrAxisColor = value; }
get { return clrAxisColor; }
}
/// <summary>
/// X轴说明文字
/// </summary>
public string XAxisText
{
set { strXAxisText = value; }
get { return strXAxisText; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Y轴说明文字
/// </summary>
public string YAxisText
{
set { strYAxisText = value; }
get { return strYAxisText; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 轴说明文字颜色
/// </summary>
public Color AxisTextColor
{
set { clrAxisTextColor = value; }
get { return clrAxisTextColor; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 刻度文字颜色
/// </summary>
public Color SliceTextColor
{
set { clrSliceTextColor = value; }
get { return clrSliceTextColor; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 刻度颜色
/// </summary>
public Color SliceColor
{
set { clrSliceColor = value; }
get { return clrSliceColor; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 曲线颜色
/// </summary>
public Color[] CurveColors
{
set { clrsCurveColors = value; }
get { return clrsCurveColors; }
}
/// <summary>
/// X轴文字旋转角度
/// </summary>
public float XRotateAngle
{
get { return fltXRotateAngle; }
set { fltXRotateAngle = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// Y轴文字旋转角度
/// </summary>
public float YRotateAngle
{
get { return fltYRotateAngle; }
set { fltYRotateAngle = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 图像左右距离边缘距离
/// </summary>
public float XSpace
{
get { return fltXSpace; }
set { fltXSpace = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 图像上下距离边缘距离
/// </summary>
public float YSpace
{
get { return fltYSpace; }
set { fltYSpace = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 字体大小号数
/// </summary>
public int FontSize
{
get { return intFontSize; }
set { intFontSize = value; }
}
/// <summary>
/// 曲线线条大小
/// </summary>
public int CurveSize
{
get { return intCurveSize; }
set { intCurveSize = value; }
}
#endregion
/// <summary>
/// 自动根据参数调整图像大小
/// </summary>
public void Fit()
{
//计算字体距离
intFontSpace = FontSize + 5;
//计算图像边距
float fltSpace = Math.Min(Width / 6, Height / 6);
XSpace = fltSpace;
YSpace = fltSpace;
//计算X轴刻度宽度
XSlice = (Width - 2 * XSpace) / (Keys.Length - 1);
//计算Y轴刻度宽度和Y轴刻度开始值
float fltMinValue = 0;
float fltMaxValue = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < Values.Length; i++)
{
if (Values[i] < fltMinValue)
{
fltMinValue = Values[i];
}
else if (Values[i] > fltMaxValue)
{
fltMaxValue = Values[i];
}
}
if (YSliceBegin > fltMinValue)
{
YSliceBegin = fltMinValue;
}
int intYSliceCount = (int)(fltMaxValue / YSliceValue);
if (fltMaxValue % YSliceValue != 0)
{
intYSliceCount++;
}
YSlice = (Height - 2 * YSpace) / intYSliceCount;
}
/// <summary>
/// 生成图像并返回bmp图像对象
/// </summary>
/// <returns></returns>
public Bitmap CreateImage()
{
InitializeGraph();
int intKeysCount = Keys.Length;
int intValuesCount = Values.Length;
if (intValuesCount % intKeysCount == 0)
{
int intCurvesCount = intValuesCount / intKeysCount;
for (int i = 0; i < intCurvesCount; i++)
{
float[] fltCurrentValues = new float[intKeysCount];
for (int j = 0; j < intKeysCount; j++)
{
fltCurrentValues[j] = Values[i * intKeysCount + j];
}
DrawContent(ref objGraphics, fltCurrentValues, clrsCurveColors[i]);
}
}
else
{
objGraphics.DrawString("发生错误，Values的长度必须是Keys的整数倍!", new Font("宋体", FontSize + 5), new SolidBrush(TextColor), new Point((int)XSpace, (int)(Height / 2)));
}
return objBitmap;
}
/// <summary>
/// 初始化和填充图像区域，画出边框，初始标题
/// </summary>
private void InitializeGraph()
{
//根据给定的高度和宽度创建一个位图图像
objBitmap = new Bitmap((int)Width, (int)Height);
//从指定的 objBitmap 对象创建 objGraphics 对象 (即在objBitmap对象中画图)
objGraphics = Graphics.FromImage(objBitmap);
//根据给定颜色(LightGray)填充图像的矩形区域 (背景)
objGraphics.DrawRectangle(new Pen(BorderColor, 1), 0, 0, Width - 1, Height - 1); //画边框
objGraphics.FillRectangle(new SolidBrush(BgColor), 1, 1, Width - 2, Height - 2); //填充边框
//画X轴,注意图像的原始X轴和Y轴计算是以左上角为原点，向右和向下计算的
float fltX1 = XSpace;
float fltY1 = Height - YSpace;
float fltX2 = Width - XSpace + XSlice / 2;
float fltY2 = fltY1;
objGraphics.DrawLine(new Pen(new SolidBrush(AxisColor), 1), fltX1, fltY1, fltX2, fltY2);
//画Y轴
fltX1 = XSpace;
fltY1 = Height - YSpace;
fltX2 = XSpace;
fltY2 = YSpace - YSlice / 2;
objGraphics.DrawLine(new Pen(new SolidBrush(AxisColor), 1), fltX1, fltY1, fltX2, fltY2);
//初始化轴线说明文字
SetAxisText(ref objGraphics);
//初始化X轴上的刻度和文字
SetXAxis(ref objGraphics);
//初始化Y轴上的刻度和文字
SetYAxis(ref objGraphics);
//初始化标题
CreateTitle(ref objGraphics);
}
/// <summary>
/// 初始化轴线说明文字
/// </summary>
/// <param name="objGraphics"></param>
private void SetAxisText(ref Graphics objGraphics)
{
float fltX = Width - XSpace + XSlice / 2 - (XAxisText.Length - 1) * intFontSpace;
float fltY = Height - YSpace - intFontSpace;
objGraphics.DrawString(XAxisText, new Font("宋体", FontSize), new SolidBrush(AxisTextColor), fltX, fltY);
fltX = XSpace + 5;
fltY = YSpace - YSlice / 2 - intFontSpace;
for (int i = 0; i < YAxisText.Length; i++)
{
objGraphics.DrawString(YAxisText[i].ToString(), new Font("宋体", FontSize), new SolidBrush(AxisTextColor), fltX, fltY);
fltY += intFontSpace; //字体上下距离
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 初始化X轴上的刻度和文字
/// </summary>
/// <param name="objGraphics"></param>
private void SetXAxis(ref Graphics objGraphics)
{
float fltX1 = XSpace;
float fltY1 = Height - YSpace;
float fltX2 = XSpace;
float fltY2 = Height - YSpace;
int iCount = 0;
int iSliceCount = 1;
float Scale = 0;
float iWidth = ((Width - 2 * XSpace) / XSlice) * 50; //将要画刻度的长度分段，并乘以50，以10为单位画刻度线。
float fltSliceHeight = XSlice / 10; //刻度线的高度
objGraphics.TranslateTransform(fltX1, fltY1); //平移图像(原点)
objGraphics.RotateTransform(XRotateAngle, MatrixOrder.Prepend); //旋转图像
objGraphics.DrawString(Keys[0].ToString(), new Font("宋体", FontSize), new SolidBrush(SliceTextColor), 0, 0);
objGraphics.ResetTransform(); //重置图像
for (int i = 0; i <= iWidth; i += 10) //以10为单位
{
Scale = i * XSlice / 50;//即(i / 10) * (XSlice / 5)，将每个刻度分五部分画，但因为i以10为单位，得除以10
if (iCount == 5)
{
objGraphics.DrawLine(new Pen(new SolidBrush(AxisColor)), fltX1 + Scale, fltY1 + fltSliceHeight * 1.5f, fltX2 + Scale, fltY2 - fltSliceHeight * 1.5f);
//画网格虚线
Pen penDashed = new Pen(new SolidBrush(AxisColor));
penDashed.DashStyle = DashStyle.Dash;
objGraphics.DrawLine(penDashed, fltX1 + Scale, fltY1, fltX2 + Scale, YSpace - YSlice / 2);
//这里显示X轴刻度
if (iSliceCount <= Keys.Length - 1)
{
objGraphics.TranslateTransform(fltX1 + Scale, fltY1);
objGraphics.RotateTransform(XRotateAngle, MatrixOrder.Prepend);
objGraphics.DrawString(Keys[iSliceCount].ToString(), new Font("宋体", FontSize), new SolidBrush(SliceTextColor), 0, 0);
objGraphics.ResetTransform();
}
else
{
//超过范围，不画任何刻度文字
}
iCount = 0;
iSliceCount++;
if (fltX1 + Scale > Width - XSpace)
{
break;
}
}
else
{
objGraphics.DrawLine(new Pen(new SolidBrush(SliceColor)), fltX1 + Scale, fltY1 + fltSliceHeight, fltX2 + Scale, fltY2 - fltSliceHeight);
}
iCount++;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 初始化Y轴上的刻度和文字
/// </summary>
/// <param name="objGraphics"></param>
private void SetYAxis(ref Graphics objGraphics)
{
float fltX1 = XSpace;
float fltY1 = Height - YSpace;
float fltX2 = XSpace;
float fltY2 = Height - YSpace;
int iCount = 0;
float Scale = 0;
int iSliceCount = 1;
float iHeight = ((Height - 2 * YSpace) / YSlice) * 50; //将要画刻度的长度分段，并乘以50，以10为单位画刻度线。
float fltSliceWidth = YSlice / 10; //刻度线的宽度
string strSliceText = string.Empty;
objGraphics.TranslateTransform(XSpace - intFontSpace * YSliceBegin.ToString().Length, Height - YSpace); //平移图像(原点)
objGraphics.RotateTransform(YRotateAngle, MatrixOrder.Prepend); //旋转图像
objGraphics.DrawString(YSliceBegin.ToString(), new Font("宋体", FontSize), new SolidBrush(SliceTextColor), 0, 0);
objGraphics.ResetTransform(); //重置图像
for (int i = 0; i < iHeight; i += 10)
{
Scale = i * YSlice / 50; //即(i / 10) * (YSlice / 5)，将每个刻度分五部分画，但因为i以10为单位，得除以10
if (iCount == 5)
{
objGraphics.DrawLine(new Pen(new SolidBrush(AxisColor)), fltX1 - fltSliceWidth * 1.5f, fltY1 - Scale, fltX2 + fltSliceWidth * 1.5f, fltY2 - Scale);
//画网格虚线
Pen penDashed = new Pen(new SolidBrush(AxisColor));
penDashed.DashStyle = DashStyle.Dash;
objGraphics.DrawLine(penDashed, XSpace, fltY1 - Scale, Width - XSpace + XSlice / 2, fltY2 - Scale);
//这里显示Y轴刻度
strSliceText = Convert.ToString(YSliceValue * iSliceCount + YSliceBegin);
objGraphics.TranslateTransform(XSpace - intFontSize * strSliceText.Length, fltY1 - Scale); //平移图像(原点)
objGraphics.RotateTransform(YRotateAngle, MatrixOrder.Prepend); //旋转图像
objGraphics.DrawString(strSliceText, new Font("宋体", FontSize), new SolidBrush(SliceTextColor), 0, 0);
objGraphics.ResetTransform(); //重置图像
iCount = 0;
iSliceCount++;
}
else
{
objGraphics.DrawLine(new Pen(new SolidBrush(SliceColor)), fltX1 - fltSliceWidth, fltY1 - Scale, fltX2 + fltSliceWidth, fltY2 - Scale);
}
iCount++;
}
}
/// <summary>
/// 画曲线
/// </summary>
/// <param name="objGraphics"></param>
private void DrawContent(ref Graphics objGraphics, float[] fltCurrentValues, Color clrCurrentColor)
{
Pen CurvePen = new Pen(clrCurrentColor, CurveSize);
PointF[] CurvePointF = new PointF[Keys.Length];
float keys = 0;
float values = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < Keys.Length; i++)
{
keys = XSlice * i + XSpace;
values = (Height - YSpace) + YSliceBegin - YSlice * (fltCurrentValues[i] / YSliceValue);
CurvePointF[i] = new PointF(keys, values);
}
objGraphics.DrawCurve(CurvePen, CurvePointF, Tension);
}
/// <summary>
/// 初始化标题
/// </summary>
/// <param name="objGraphics"></param>
private void CreateTitle(ref Graphics objGraphics)
{
objGraphics.DrawString(Title, new Font("宋体", FontSize), new SolidBrush(TextColor), new Point((int)(Width - XSpace) - intFontSize * Title.Length, (int)(YSpace - YSlice / 2 - intFontSpace)));
}
}
}
希望本文所述对大家的C#程序设计有所帮助。