Ruby中处理时间的一些基本操作
投稿：goldensun
这篇文章主要介绍了Ruby中处理时间的一些基本操作,主要是利用到了Ruby中强大的Time模块,需要的朋友可以参考下
获取当前日期和时间:
以下是一个简单的例子，以获得当前的日期和时间：
#!/usr/bin/ruby -w time1 = Time.new puts "Current Time : " + time1.inspect # Time.now is a synonym: time2 = Time.now puts "Current Time : " + time2.inspect
这将产生以下结果：
Current Time : Mon Jun 02 12:02:39 -0700 2008 Current Time : Mon Jun 02 12:02:39 -0700 2008
获取组件的日期和时间：
我们可以用 Time 对象来获取日期和时间的各个组成部分。下面的例子显示相同的：
#!/usr/bin/ruby -w time = Time.new # Components of a Time puts "Current Time : " + time.inspect puts time.year # => Year of the date puts time.month # => Month of the date (1 to 12) puts time.day # => Day of the date (1 to 31 ) puts time.wday # => 0: Day of week: 0 is Sunday puts time.yday # => 365: Day of year puts time.hour # => 23: 24-hour clock puts time.min # => 59 puts time.sec # => 59 puts time.usec # => 999999: microseconds puts time.zone # => "UTC": timezone name
这将产生以下结果：
Current Time : Mon Jun 02 12:03:08 -0700 2008 2008 6 2 1 154 12 3 8 247476 UTC
Time.utc，Time.gm和Time.local函数：
可用于这两个函数以标准格式来格式化日期如下：
# July 8, 2008 Time.local(2008, 7, 8) # July 8, 2008, 09:10am, local time Time.local(2008, 7, 8, 9, 10) # July 8, 2008, 09:10 UTC Time.utc(2008, 7, 8, 9, 10) # July 8, 2008, 09:10:11 GMT (same as UTC) Time.gm(2008, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
下面的例子，在一个数组来获取所有组件按以下格式：
[sec,min,hour,day,month,year,wday,yday,isdst,zone]
尝试以下操作：
#!/usr/bin/ruby -w time = Time.new values = time.to_a p values
这将产生以下结果：
[26, 10, 12, 2, 6, 2008, 1, 154, false, "MST"]
这个数组可以传递给Time.utc或Time.local函数得到不同的日期格式如下：
#!/usr/bin/ruby -w time = Time.new values = time.to_a puts Time.utc(*values)
这将产生以下结果：
Mon Jun 02 12:15:36 UTC 2008
跟随着的方式来获得内部表示（依赖于平台）历元以来的秒数时间：
# Returns number of seconds since epoch time = Time.now.to_i # Convert number of seconds into Time object. Time.at(time) # Returns second since epoch which includes microseconds time = Time.now.to_f
时区和夏令时：
可以使用一个 Time 对象来获取相关的所有信息的时区和夏令如下：
time = Time.new # Here is the interpretation time.zone # => "UTC": return the timezone time.utc_offset # => 0: UTC is 0 seconds offset from UTC time.zone # => "PST" (or whatever your timezone is) time.isdst # => false: If UTC does not have DST. time.utc? # => true: if t is in UTC time zone time.localtime # Convert to local timezone. time.gmtime # Convert back to UTC. time.getlocal # Return a new Time object in local zone time.getutc # Return a new Time object in UTC
格式化时间和日期：
有各种各样的方式来格式化日期和时间。下面是一个例子，说明几个：
#!/usr/bin/ruby -w
time = Time.new
puts time.to_s
puts time.ctime
puts time.localtime
puts time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
这将产生以下结果：
Mon Jun 02 12:35:19 -0700 2008 Mon Jun 2 12:35:19 2008 Mon Jun 02 12:35:19 -0700 2008 2008-06-02 12:35:19
时间算术：
可以在时间上做简单的算术如下：
now = Time.now # Current time puts now past = now - 10 # 10 seconds ago. Time - number => Time puts past future = now + 10 # 10 seconds from now Time + number => Time puts future diff = future - now # => 10 Time - Time => number of seconds puts diff
这将产生以下结果：
Thu Aug 01 20:57:05 -0700 2013 Thu Aug 01 20:56:55 -0700 2013 Thu Aug 01 20:57:15 -0700 2013 10.0