C#实现的算24点游戏算法实例分析

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.IO;
namespace Calc24Points
{
 public class Cell
 {
  public enum Type
  {
   Number,
   Signal
  }
  public int Number;
  public char Signal;
  public Type Typ;
  public Cell Right;
  public Cell Left;
  /// <summary>
  /// 符号优先级
  /// </summary>
  public int Priority
  {
   get
   {
    if (Typ == Type.Signal)
    {
     switch (Signal)
     {
      case '+': return 0;
      case '-': return 0;
      case '*': return 1;
      case '/': return 1;
      default: return -1;
     }
    }
    return -1;
   }
  }
  /// <summary>
  /// 基本单元构造函数
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="t">单元类型，数值或符号</param>
  /// <param name="num">数值</param>
  /// <param name="sig">符号</param>
  public Cell(Type t, int num, char sig)
  {
   Right = null;
   Left = null;
   Typ = t;
   Number = num;
   Signal = sig;
  }
  public Cell()
  {
   Right = null;
   Left = null;
   Number = 0;
   Typ = Type.Number;
  }
  public Cell(Cell c)
  {
   Right = null;
   Left = null;
   Number = c.Number;
   Signal = c.Signal;
   Typ = c.Typ;
  }
 }
 public class Calc24Points
 {
  string m_exp;
  bool m_stop;
  Cell[] m_cell;
  int[] m_express;
  StringWriter m_string;
  public Calc24Points(int n1, int n2, int n3, int n4)
  {
   m_cell = new Cell[8];
   m_cell[0] = new Cell(Cell.Type.Number, n1, '?');
   m_cell[1] = new Cell(Cell.Type.Number, n2, '?');
   m_cell[2] = new Cell(Cell.Type.Number, n3, '?');
   m_cell[3] = new Cell(Cell.Type.Number, n4, '?');
   m_cell[4] = new Cell(Cell.Type.Signal, 0, '+');
   m_cell[5] = new Cell(Cell.Type.Signal, 0, '-');
   m_cell[6] = new Cell(Cell.Type.Signal, 0, '*');
   m_cell[7] = new Cell(Cell.Type.Signal, 0, '/');
   m_stop = false;
   m_express = new int[7];
   m_string = new StringWriter();
   m_exp = null;
  }
  public override string ToString()
  {
   if (m_exp == null)
   {
    PutCell(0);
    m_exp = m_string.ToString();
   }
   if (m_exp != "") return m_exp;
   return null;
  }
  /// <summary>
  /// 在第n位置放置一个单元
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="n"></param>
  void PutCell(int n)
  {
   if (n >= 7)
   {
    if (Calculate())
    {
     m_stop = true;
     Formate();
    }
    return;
   }
   int end = 8;
   if (n < 2) end = 4;
   for (int i = 0; i < end; ++i)
   {
    m_express[n] = i;
    if (CheckCell(n)) PutCell(n + 1);
    if (m_stop) break;
   }
  }
  /// <summary>
  /// 检查当前放置是否合理
  /// </summary>
  /// <param name="n"></param>
  /// <returns></returns>
  bool CheckCell(int n)
  {
   int nums = 0, sigs = 0;
   for (int i = 0; i <= n; ++i)
   {
    if (m_cell[m_express[i]].Typ == Cell.Type.Number) ++nums;
    else ++sigs;
   }
   if (nums - sigs < 1) return false;
   if (m_cell[m_express[n]].Typ == Cell.Type.Number)
   //数值不能重复，但是符号可以重复
   {
    for (int i = 0; i < n; ++i) if (m_express[i] == m_express[n]) return false;   
   }
   if (n == 6)
   {
    if (nums != 4 || sigs != 3) return false;
    if (m_cell[m_express[6]].Typ != Cell.Type.Signal) return false;
    return true;
   }
   return true;
  }
  /// <summary>
  /// 计算表达式是否为24
  /// </summary>
  /// <returns>返回值true为24，否则不为24</returns>
  bool Calculate()
  {
   double[] dblStack = new double[4];
   int indexStack = -1;
   for (int i = 0; i < 7; ++i)
   {
    if (m_cell[m_express[i]].Typ == Cell.Type.Number)
    {
     ++indexStack;
     dblStack[indexStack] = m_cell[m_express[i]].Number;
    }
    else
    {
     switch (m_cell[m_express[i]].Signal)
     { 
      case '+':
       dblStack[indexStack - 1] = dblStack[indexStack - 1] + dblStack[indexStack];
       break;
      case '-':
       dblStack[indexStack - 1] = dblStack[indexStack - 1]-+ dblStack[indexStack];
       break;
      case '*':
       dblStack[indexStack - 1] = dblStack[indexStack - 1] * dblStack[indexStack];
       break;
      case '/':
       dblStack[indexStack - 1] = dblStack[indexStack - 1] / dblStack[indexStack];
       break;
     }
     --indexStack;
    }
   }
   if (Math.Abs(dblStack[indexStack] - 24) < 0.1) return true;
   return false;
  }
  /// <summary>
  /// 后缀表达式到中缀表达式
  /// </summary>
  void Formate()
  {
   Cell[] c = new Cell[7];
   for (int i = 0; i < 7; ++i) c[i] = new Cell(m_cell[m_express[i]]);
   int[] cStack = new int[4];
   int indexStack = -1;
   for (int i = 0; i < 7; ++i)
   {
    if (c[i].Typ == Cell.Type.Number)
    {
     ++indexStack;
     cStack[indexStack] = i;
    }
    else
    {
     c[i].Right = c[cStack[indexStack]];
     --indexStack;
     c[i].Left = c[cStack[indexStack]];
     cStack[indexStack] = i;
    }
   }
   ToStringFormate(c[cStack[indexStack]]);
  }
  void ToStringFormate(Cell root)
  {
   if (root.Left.Typ == Cell.Type.Number)
   {
    m_string.Write(root.Left.Number);
    m_string.Write(root.Signal);
   }
   else
   {
    if (root.Priority > root.Left.Priority)
    {
     m_string.Write("(");
     ToStringFormate(root.Left);
     m_string.Write(")");
    }
    else ToStringFormate(root.Left);
    m_string.Write(root.Signal);
   }
   if (root.Right.Typ == Cell.Type.Number) m_string.Write(root.Right.Number);
   else
   {
    if (root.Priority >= root.Right.Priority)
    {
     m_string.Write("(");
     ToStringFormate(root.Right);
     m_string.Write(")");
    }
    else ToStringFormate(root.Right);
   }
  }
 }
}