sqlserver巧用row_number和partition by分组取top数据
作者：
SQL Server 2005后之后，引入了row_number()函数，row_number()函数的分组排序功能使这种操作变得非常简单
分组取TOP数据是T-SQL中的常用查询， 如学生信息管理系统中取出每个学科前3名的学生。这种查询在SQL Server 2005之前，写起来很繁琐，需要用到临时表关联查询才能取到。SQL Server 2005后之后，引入了row_number()函数，row_number()函数的分组排序功能使这种操作变得非常简单。下面是一个简单示例：
--1.创建测试表
create table #score
(
name varchar(20),
subject varchar(20),
score int
)
--2.插入测试数据
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('张三','语文',98)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('张三','数学',80)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('张三','英语',90)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李四','语文',88)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李四','数学',86)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李四','英语',88)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李明','语文',60)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李明','数学',86)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李明','英语',88)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('林风','语文',74)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('林风','数学',99)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('林风','英语',59)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('严明','英语',96)
--3.取每个学科的前3名数据
select * from
(
select subject,name,score,ROW_NUMBER() over(PARTITION by subject order by score desc) as num from #score
) T where T.num <= 3 order by subject
--4.删除临时表
truncate table #score
drop table #score
语法形式：ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY COL1 ORDER BY COL2)
解释：根据COL1分组，在分组内部根据 COL2排序，而此函数计算的值就表示每组内部排序后的顺序编号（组内连续的唯一的)
复制代码 代码如下:
--1.创建测试表
create table #score
(
name varchar(20),
subject varchar(20),
score int
)
--2.插入测试数据
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('张三','语文',98)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('张三','数学',80)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('张三','英语',90)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李四','语文',88)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李四','数学',86)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李四','英语',88)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李明','语文',60)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李明','数学',86)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('李明','英语',88)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('林风','语文',74)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('林风','数学',99)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('林风','英语',59)
insert into #score(name,subject,score) values('严明','英语',96)
--3.取每个学科的前3名数据
select * from
(
select subject,name,score,ROW_NUMBER() over(PARTITION by subject order by score desc) as num from #score
) T where T.num <= 3 order by subject
--4.删除临时表
truncate table #score
drop table #score
语法形式：ROW_NUMBER() OVER(PARTITION BY COL1 ORDER BY COL2)
解释：根据COL1分组，在分组内部根据 COL2排序，而此函数计算的值就表示每组内部排序后的顺序编号（组内连续的唯一的)