Vue使用Less与Scss实现主题切换方法详细讲解
作者：苪玫儿呀
目前，在众多的后台管理系统中，换肤功能已是一个很常见的功能。用户可以根据自己的喜好，设置页面的主题，从而实现个性化定制。目前，我所了解到的换肤方式，也是我目前所掌握的两种换肤方式，想同大家一起分享
一、Less/Scss变量换肤
具体实现：
1、初始化vue项目
2、安装插件：
npm install style-resources-loader -D
npm install vue-cli-plugin-style-resources-loader -D
当然也要安装less、less-loader等插件，具体的安装配置，请自行google
3、新建theme.less文件用于全局样式配置。在src目录下新建theme文件夹，在这个文件夹下新建theme.less文件。具体如下：
/src/theme/theme.less
// 默认的主题颜色
@primaryColor: var(--primaryColor, #000);
@primaryTextColor: var(--primaryTextColor, green);
// 导出变量
:export {
name: "less";
primaryColor: @primaryColor;
primaryTextColor: @primaryTextColor;
}4、配置vue.config.js文件，实现全局使用变量实现换肤
const path = require("path");
module.exports = {
pluginOptions: {
"style-resources-loader": {
preProcessor: "less",
patterns: [
// 这个是加上自己的路径,不能使用(如下:alias)中配置的别名路径
path.resolve(__dirname, "./src/theme/theme.less"),
],
},
},
};5、具体的使用：
<template>
<div class="hello">
<p>我是测试文字</p>
</div>
</template>
<script>
export default {
name: "HelloWorld",
};
</script>
<style scoped lang="less">
.hello {
p {
color: @primaryTextColor;
}
}
</style>备注：如果是用scss也基本同以上用法，只是scss的变量名用‘$’作为前缀，less使用@
至此，我们已经实现了静态更换皮肤，那如何实现动态换肤呢，最重要的就是以下的文件了。
我们可以多配置几种默认主题
6、在theme文件夹下新建model.js文件，用于存放默认主题
// 一套默认主题以及一套暗黑主题
// 一套默认主题以及一套暗黑主题
export const themes = {
default: {
primaryColor: `${74}, ${144},${226}`,
primaryTextColor: `${74}, ${144},${226}`,
},
dark: {
primaryColor: `${0},${0},${0}`,
primaryTextColor: `${0},${0},${0}`,
},
};7、实现动态切换：
在/src/theme文件夹下新建theme.js文件，代码如下：
import { themes } from "./model";
// 修改页面中的样式变量值
const changeStyle = (obj) => {
for (let key in obj) {
document
.getElementsByTagName("body")[0]
.style.setProperty(`--${key}`, obj[key]);
}
};
// 改变主题的方法
export const setTheme = (themeName) => {
localStorage.setItem("theme", themeName); // 保存主题到本地，下次进入使用该主题
const themeConfig = themes[themeName];
// 如果有主题名称，那么则采用我们定义的主题
if (themeConfig) {
localStorage.setItem("primaryColor", themeConfig.primaryColor); // 保存主题色到本地
localStorage.setItem("primaryTextColor", themeConfig.primaryTextColor); // 保存文字颜色到本地
changeStyle(themeConfig); // 改变样式
} else {
let themeConfig = {
primaryColor: localStorage.getItem("primaryColor"),
primaryTextColor: localStorage.getItem("primaryTextColor"),
};
changeStyle(themeConfig);
}
};8、切换主题
this.setTheme('dark')二、element-UI组件的换肤
1、一般elementUI主题色都有这样一个文件element-variables.scss：
/**
* I think element-ui's default theme color is too light for long-term use.
* So I modified the default color and you can modify it to your liking.
**/
/* theme color */
$--color-primary: #1890ff;
$--color-success: #13ce66;
$--color-warning: #ffba00;
$--color-danger: #ff4949;
// $--color-info: #1E1E1E;
$--button-font-weight: 400;
// $--color-text-regular: #1f2d3d;
$--border-color-light: #dfe4ed;
$--border-color-lighter: #e6ebf5;
$--table-border: 1px solid #dfe6ec;
/* icon font path, required */
$--font-path: "~element-ui/lib/theme-chalk/fonts";
@import "~element-ui/packages/theme-chalk/src/index";
// the :export directive is the magic sauce for webpack
// https://www.bluematador.com/blog/how-to-share-variables-between-js-and-sass
:export {
theme: $--color-primary;
}2、main.js中引用
import './styles/element-variables.scss'
3、在store文件夹下新建settings.js文件，用于页面基础设置
import variables from '@/styles/element-variables.scss'
const state = {
theme: variables.theme
}
const mutations = {
CHANGE_SETTING: (state, { key, value }) => {
// eslint-disable-next-line no-prototype-builtins
if (state.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
state[key] = value
}
}
}
const actions = {
changeSetting({ commit }, data) {
commit('CHANGE_SETTING', data)
}
}
export default {
namespaced: true,
state,
mutations,
actions
}4、一般换肤都是需要有个颜色选择器，用于皮肤设置
在src目录下新建ThemePicker文件夹，新建index.vue文件。
<template>
<el-color-picker
v-model="theme"
:predefine="['#409EFF', '#1890ff', '#304156','#212121','#11a983', '#13c2c2', '#6959CD', '#f5222d', ]"
class="theme-picker"
popper-class="theme-picker-dropdown"
/>
</template>
<script>
const version = require('element-ui/package.json').version // element-ui version from node_modules
const ORIGINAL_THEME = '#409EFF' // default color
export default {
data() {
return {
chalk: '', // content of theme-chalk css
theme: ''
}
},
computed: {
defaultTheme() {
return this.$store.state.settings.theme
}
},
watch: {
defaultTheme: {
handler: function(val, oldVal) {
this.theme = val
},
immediate: true
},
async theme(val) {
const oldVal = this.chalk ? this.theme : ORIGINAL_THEME
if (typeof val !== 'string') return
const themeCluster = this.getThemeCluster(val.replace('#', ''))
const originalCluster = this.getThemeCluster(oldVal.replace('#', ''))
console.log(themeCluster, originalCluster)
const $message = this.$message({
message: ' Compiling the theme',
customClass: 'theme-message',
type: 'success',
duration: 0,
iconClass: 'el-icon-loading'
})
const getHandler = (variable, id) => {
return () => {
const originalCluster = this.getThemeCluster(ORIGINAL_THEME.replace('#', ''))
const newStyle = this.updateStyle(this[variable], originalCluster, themeCluster)
let styleTag = document.getElementById(id)
if (!styleTag) {
styleTag = document.createElement('style')
styleTag.setAttribute('id', id)
document.head.appendChild(styleTag)
}
styleTag.innerText = newStyle
}
}
if (!this.chalk) {
const url = `https://unpkg.com/element-ui@${version}/lib/theme-chalk/index.css`
await this.getCSSString(url, 'chalk')
}
const chalkHandler = getHandler('chalk', 'chalk-style')
chalkHandler()
const styles = [].slice.call(document.querySelectorAll('style'))
.filter(style => {
const text = style.innerText
return new RegExp(oldVal, 'i').test(text) && !/Chalk Variables/.test(text)
})
styles.forEach(style => {
const { innerText } = style
if (typeof innerText !== 'string') return
style.innerText = this.updateStyle(innerText, originalCluster, themeCluster)
})
this.$emit('change', val)
$message.close()
}
},
methods: {
updateStyle(style, oldCluster, newCluster) {
let newStyle = style
oldCluster.forEach((color, index) => {
newStyle = newStyle.replace(new RegExp(color, 'ig'), newCluster[index])
})
return newStyle
},
getCSSString(url, variable) {
return new Promise(resolve => {
const xhr = new XMLHttpRequest()
xhr.onreadystatechange = () => {
if (xhr.readyState === 4 && xhr.status === 200) {
this[variable] = xhr.responseText.replace(/@font-face{[^}]+}/, '')
resolve()
}
}
xhr.open('GET', url)
xhr.send()
})
},
getThemeCluster(theme) {
const tintColor = (color, tint) => {
let red = parseInt(color.slice(0, 2), 16)
let green = parseInt(color.slice(2, 4), 16)
let blue = parseInt(color.slice(4, 6), 16)
if (tint === 0) { // when primary color is in its rgb space
return [red, green, blue].join(',')
} else {
red += Math.round(tint * (255 - red))
green += Math.round(tint * (255 - green))
blue += Math.round(tint * (255 - blue))
red = red.toString(16)
green = green.toString(16)
blue = blue.toString(16)
return `#${red}${green}${blue}`
}
}
const shadeColor = (color, shade) => {
let red = parseInt(color.slice(0, 2), 16)
let green = parseInt(color.slice(2, 4), 16)
let blue = parseInt(color.slice(4, 6), 16)
red = Math.round((1 - shade) * red)
green = Math.round((1 - shade) * green)
blue = Math.round((1 - shade) * blue)
red = red.toString(16)
green = green.toString(16)
blue = blue.toString(16)
return `#${red}${green}${blue}`
}
const clusters = [theme]
for (let i = 0; i <= 9; i++) {
clusters.push(tintColor(theme, Number((i / 10).toFixed(2))))
}
clusters.push(shadeColor(theme, 0.1))
return clusters
}
}
}
</script>
<style>
.theme-message,
.theme-picker-dropdown {
z-index: 99999 !important;
}
.theme-picker .el-color-picker__trigger {
height: 26px !important;
width: 26px !important;
padding: 2px;
}
.theme-picker-dropdown .el-color-dropdown__link-btn {
display: none;
}
</style>5、在使用ThemePicker组件的位置，去调用vuex中的changeSetting函数
<theme-picker style="float: right;height: 26px;margin: -3px 8px 0 0;" @change="themeChange" />
import ThemePicker from '@/components/ThemePicker'
export default {
components: { ThemePicker },
methods:{
themeChange(val) {
this.$store.dispatch('settings/changeSetting', {
key: 'theme',
value: val
})
}
}
}至此，就可以实现elementUI组件的换肤功能了
总结：其实上边两种方式换肤的实现思路都差不多，下边那篇自己理解得不是很好，欢迎补充
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