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一文带你深入探索Golang操作mongodb的方法

作者：金色旭光

这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了Golang操作mongodb的相关知识，包括：初始化项目工程、容器方式安装mongo和调试运行和编译运行，感兴趣的小伙伴可以了解一下

本篇记录通过GO语言操作mongodb，实现的流程包括：

go使用mongo的代码如下，go操作mongo的SDK是mongo-driver，一个第三方模块。本篇主要就是将其运行起来。

package main

import (
	"context"
	"fmt"
	"log"

	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo"
	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options"
	"go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson"
)

type Student struct {
	Name string
	Age int
}

func main() {
	// 设置客户端连接配置
	clientOptions := options.Client().ApplyURI("mongodb://admin:123456@localhost:27017")

	// 连接到MongoDB
	client, err := mongo.Connect(context.TODO(), clientOptions)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	// 检查连接
	err = client.Ping(context.TODO(), nil)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	fmt.Println("Connected to MongoDB!")


	collection := client.Database("q1mi").Collection("student")
    

        s1 := Student{"小红", 12}
	s2 := Student{"小兰", 10}
	s3 := Student{"小黄", 11}

	insertResult, err := collection.InsertOne(context.TODO(), s1)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}

	fmt.Println("Inserted a single document: ", insertResult.InsertedID)

	students := []interface{}{s2, s3}
	insertManyResult, err := collection.InsertMany(context.TODO(), students)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	fmt.Println("Inserted multiple documents: ", insertManyResult.InsertedIDs)



	filter := bson.D{{"name", "小兰"}}

	// 创建一个Student变量用来接收查询的结果
	var result Student
	err = collection.FindOne(context.TODO(), filter).Decode(&result)
	if err != nil {
		log.Fatal(err)
	}
	fmt.Printf("Found a single document: %+v\n", result)
}

1.创建GO项目工程

go之前对第三方包的管理不上心，其他语言比如python有pip，nodejs有npm，而go却没有一个官方的管理工具。

在go 1.11之前，开发者需要要关注GOPATH环境变量，这对于开发者来说不友好。

经过几次变更后，go于1.12版本开始正式使用go Module，go终于有了一个官方的处理方式，开发者也可以抛弃GOPATH了。

go的包管理包括：

1.1初始化开发工程

➜  go mkdir mongo
➜  go cd mongo

使用mod命令初始化

go mod init 文件名

➜ go mod init mongo
go: creating new go.mod: module mongo
➜ ls -al
total 8
drwxr-xr-x  3 ljk  staff   96  2  2 22:02 .
drwxr-xr-x  5 ljk  staff  160  2  2 22:02 ..
-rw-r--r--  1 ljk  staff   22  2  2 22:02 go.mod

初始化成功之后当前目录下会新建一个go.mod文件，用于记录安装的模块和包

➜  mongo cat go.mod
module mongo

go 1.18

设置包下载代理

go env -w GO111MODULE=on
go env -w GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io,direct

1.2安装mongo

下载 mongodb 镜像

➜  mod docker pull mongo:latest
latest: Pulling from library/mongo
70cf24b16239: Pull complete
197e79a59399: Pull complete
1a54d1916136: Pull complete
8547f0e899b2: Pull complete
315a8963db2b: Pull complete
0fce25e2f34f: Pull complete
1ce995f0f803: Pull complete
e3bfd9b7202d: Pull complete
07bd59396de7: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:3fe527dcddf277d4d5b278f5f03ddea5173cee84c792d12c5ac90c36ba40ba7a
Status: Downloaded newer image for mongo:latest
docker.io/library/mongo:latest

➜  mod docker images
REPOSITORY   TAG       IMAGE ID       CREATED        SIZE
mongo        latest    b2fa76e584f6   20 hours ago   618MB
redis        5.0.4     b61ab367aee1   3 years ago    90MB

运行 mongodb 容器

➜  mod docker run -itd --name mongo -p 27017:27017 mongo --auth
f3116f4e2ed1d81e7707ee42b67c01fdcd648461e1e7cd35ad0815dae2c1af5f
➜  mod
➜  mod
➜  mod docker ps
CONTAINER ID   IMAGE     COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                      NAMES
f3116f4e2ed1   mongo     "docker-entrypoint.s…"   7 seconds ago   Up 6 seconds   0.0.0.0:27017->27017/tcp   mongo

登录 mongodb 容器并设置库权限

➜  mod docker exec -it mongo mongosh admin
Current Mongosh Log ID:	63dbcaa4fb21cc3d13dcfde2
Connecting to:		mongodb://127.0.0.1:27017/admin?directConnection=true&serverSelectionTimeoutMS=2000&appName=mongosh+1.6.2
Using MongoDB:		6.0.4
Using Mongosh:		1.6.2

For mongosh info see: https://docs.mongodb.com/mongodb-shell/


To help improve our products, anonymous usage data is collected and sent to MongoDB periodically (https://www.mongodb.com/legal/privacy-policy).
You can opt-out by running the disableTelemetry() command.

admin> db.createUser({ user:'admin',pwd:'123456',roles:[ { role:'userAdminAnyDatabase', db: 'admin'},"readWriteAnyDatabase"]});
{ ok: 1 }
admin> db.auth('admin', '123456')
{ ok: 1 }
admin>

1.3调试运行

go run 可以直接下载依赖的模块，然后运行模块。

➜  mongo go run mongo_dev.go
go: downloading go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.11.1
go: downloading github.com/youmark/pkcs8 v0.0.0-20181117223130-1be2e3e5546d
go: downloading github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1
go: downloading github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.1
go: downloading github.com/klauspost/compress v1.13.6
go: downloading github.com/montanaflynn/stats v0.0.0-20171201202039-1bf9dbcd8cbe
go: downloading github.com/xdg-go/scram v1.1.1
go: downloading github.com/xdg-go/stringprep v1.0.3
go: downloading golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220622213112-05595931fe9d
go: downloading golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c
go: downloading golang.org/x/text v0.3.7
go: downloading github.com/xdg-go/pbkdf2 v1.0.0
Connected to MongoDB!
Inserted a single document:  ObjectID("63dbcaf83e1180444cc7dca1")
Inserted multiple documents:  [ObjectID("63dbcaf83e1180444cc7dca2") ObjectID("63dbcaf83e1180444cc7dca3")]
Found a single document: {Name:小兰 Age:10}

1.4编译运行

如果想通过编译的方法运行程序而不是调试方法，可以通过一下三步：

➜  mongo_three go mod tidy
go: finding module for package go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options
go: finding module for package go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson
go: finding module for package go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo
go: found go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson in go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.11.1
go: found go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo in go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.11.1
go: found go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options in go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.11.1
go: downloading github.com/google/go-cmp v0.5.2
go: downloading github.com/stretchr/testify v1.6.1
go: downloading github.com/tidwall/pretty v1.0.0
go: downloading github.com/kr/pretty v0.1.0
go: downloading github.com/kr/text v0.1.0
go: downloading github.com/davecgh/go-spew v1.1.1
go: downloading github.com/pmezard/go-difflib v1.0.0
go: downloading gopkg.in/yaml.v3 v3.0.1
go: downloading golang.org/x/xerrors v0.0.0-20191204190536-9bdfabe68543

更新依赖文件之后，go.mod 文件中就记载了下载的模块信息，包括路径和版本信息

➜  mongo cat go.mod
module mongo

go 1.18

require (
	github.com/golang/snappy v0.0.1 // indirect
	github.com/klauspost/compress v1.13.6 // indirect
	github.com/montanaflynn/stats v0.0.0-20171201202039-1bf9dbcd8cbe // indirect
	github.com/pkg/errors v0.9.1 // indirect
	github.com/xdg-go/pbkdf2 v1.0.0 // indirect
	github.com/xdg-go/scram v1.1.1 // indirect
	github.com/xdg-go/stringprep v1.0.3 // indirect
	github.com/youmark/pkcs8 v0.0.0-20181117223130-1be2e3e5546d // indirect
	go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver v1.11.1 // indirect
	golang.org/x/crypto v0.0.0-20220622213112-05595931fe9d // indirect
	golang.org/x/sync v0.0.0-20210220032951-036812b2e83c // indirect
	golang.org/x/text v0.3.7 // indirect
)

下载依赖的模块

➜  mongo go mod download

模块真正的文件放在gopath路径下的pkg路径下

~ go env 
.
.
GOPATH="/Users/ljk/Documents/go"

➜  mod pwd
/Users/ljk/Documents/go/pkg/mod
➜  mod ls
cache          github.com     go.mongodb.org golang.org

编译程序

➜  mongo go build mongo_dev.go
➜  mongo ls
go.mod       go.sum       mongo_dev    mongo_dev.go

执行可执行文件。

➜  mongo ./mongo_dev
Connected to MongoDB!
Inserted a single document:  ObjectID("63e1096ce7684b84e5b3229a")
Inserted multiple documents:  [ObjectID("63e1096ce7684b84e5b3229b") ObjectID("63e1096ce7684b84e5b3229c")]
Found a single document: {Name:小兰 Age:10}

可以看到程序连接到mongodb，并且写入了三条数据，查询了一次。

2.go 模块管理相关命令

go mod 相关命令

在go mod模块管理机制出现之前使用get和install命令管理模块。

go get是下载插件 和 go install 下载插件并编译程序。这些是1.12版本之前的模块管理方法，已经弃用

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