MySQL之xtrabackup备份恢复的实现
作者：God_sign
本文主要介绍了MySQL之xtrabackup备份恢复的实现，文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习学习吧
mysql版本：8.0.28
xtrabackup版本：8.0.28
1、安装xtrabackup
下载地址：Download Percona XtraBackup 8.0
[root@myoracle ~]# tar -zxvf percona-xtrabackup-8.0.28-20-Linux-x86_64.glibc2.17.tar.gz [root@myoracle ~]# mv percona-xtrabackup-8.0.28-20-Linux-x86_64.glibc2.17 /usr/local/xtrabackup
2、备份
xtrabackup备份时报错： [Xtrabackup] failed to execute query ‘LOCK INSTANCE FOR BACKUP' : 1227 (42000) Access denied; you need (at least one of) the BACKUP_ADMIN privilege(s) for this operation 解决方案： 进入mysql 赋予权限 grant BACKUP_ADMIN on *.* to ‘root'@‘%'; flush privileges;
2.1、做一次全备
[root@myoracle bin]# ./xtrabackup -u root -p -S /home/mysql/mysql.sock --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/full 2022-11-02T09:53:02.321003+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized server arguments: --datadir=/home/mysql/data --innodb_buffer_pool_size=512M 2022-11-02T09:53:02.321193+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized client arguments: --port=3306 --socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock --user=root --password --socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock --backup=1 --target-dir=/data/backup/full Enter password: ... ... 2022-11-02T09:53:09.742194+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Transaction log of lsn (18182291) to (18182301) was copied. 2022-11-02T09:53:09.962188+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] completed OK! [root@myoracle bin]# ll /data/backup/ total 4 drwxr-x---. 5 root root 4096 Nov 2 09:53 full
2.2、进入mysql添加数据
[root@myoracle bin]# cd /home/mysql/mysql8/bin/ [root@myoracle bin]# ./mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 13 Server version: 8.0.28 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 4 rows in set (0.00 sec) mysql> create database dey; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.07 sec) mysql> use dey; Database changed mysql> create table tb(id int); Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.07 sec) mysql> insert into tb values(1),(2); Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.00 sec) Records: 2 Duplicates: 0 Warnings: 0 mysql> exit Bye
2.3、做一次增备
[root@myoracle bin]# cd /usr/local/xtrabackup/bin/ [root@myoracle bin]# ./xtrabackup -u root -p -S /home/mysql/mysql.sock --backup --target-dir=/data/backup/inc1 --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/full/ 2022-11-02T09:58:37.492129+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized server arguments: --datadir=/home/mysql/data --innodb_buffer_pool_size=512M 2022-11-02T09:58:37.492345+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized client arguments: --port=3306 --socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock --user=root --password --socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock --backup=1 --target-dir=/data/backup/inc1 --incremental-basedir=/data/backup/full/ Enter password: ... ... 2022-11-02T09:58:44.745723+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Transaction log of lsn (18201617) to (18201627) was copied. 2022-11-02T09:58:44.954584+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] completed OK! [root@myoracle bin]# ll /data/backup/ total 8 drwxr-x---. 5 root root 4096 Nov 2 09:53 full drwxr-x---. 6 root root 4096 Nov 2 09:58 inc1
2.4、删除数据库（千万不要在生产库执行！！！）
[root@myoracle bin]# cd - /home/mysql/mysql8/bin [root@myoracle bin]# ./mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 16 Server version: 8.0.28 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | dey | | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> drop database dey; Query OK, 1 row affected (0.12 sec) mysql> exit Bye
3、恢复
3.1、准备阶段
[root@myoracle bin]# ./xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/data/backup/full/ 2022-11-02T10:03:16.369911+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized server arguments: --innodb_checksum_algorithm=crc32 --innodb_log_checksums=1 --innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:12M:autoextend --innodb_log_files_in_group=2 --innodb_log_file_size=50331648 --innodb_page_size=16384 --innodb_undo_directory=./ --innodb_undo_tablespaces=2 --server-id=0 --innodb_log_checksums=ON --innodb_redo_log_encrypt=0 --innodb_undo_log_encrypt=0 2022-11-02T10:03:16.370082+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized client arguments: --prepare=1 --apply-log-only=1 --target-dir=/data/backup/full/ ./xtrabackup version 8.0.28-20 based on MySQL server 8.0.28 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 4cc3081873d) ... ... 2022-11-02T10:03:18.052072+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-013251] [InnoDB] Number of pools: 1 2022-11-02T10:03:18.054302+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] completed OK! [root@myoracle bin]# ./xtrabackup --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=/data/backup/full/ --incremental-dir=/data/backup/inc1/ 2022-11-02T10:04:02.786618+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized server arguments: --innodb_checksum_algorithm=crc32 --innodb_log_checksums=1 --innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:12M:autoextend --innodb_log_files_in_group=2 --innodb_log_file_size=50331648 --innodb_page_size=16384 --innodb_undo_directory=./ --innodb_undo_tablespaces=2 --server-id=0 --innodb_log_checksums=ON --innodb_redo_log_encrypt=0 --innodb_undo_log_encrypt=0 2022-11-02T10:04:02.786786+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized client arguments: --prepare=1 --apply-log-only=1 --target-dir=/data/backup/full/ --incremental-dir=/data/backup/inc1/ ./xtrabackup version 8.0.28-20 based on MySQL server 8.0.28 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 4cc3081873d) ... ... 2022-11-02T10:04:05.260675+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Done: Copying /data/backup/inc1/binlog.index to ./binlog.index 2022-11-02T10:04:05.262194+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] completed OK! [root@myoracle bin]# ./xtrabackup --prepare --target-dir=/data/backup/full/ //最后一次执行不需要--apply-log-only 2022-11-02T10:05:08.225156+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized server arguments: --innodb_checksum_algorithm=crc32 --innodb_log_checksums=1 --innodb_data_file_path=ibdata1:12M:autoextend --innodb_log_files_in_group=2 --innodb_log_file_size=50331648 --innodb_page_size=16384 --innodb_undo_directory=./ --innodb_undo_tablespaces=2 --server-id=0 --innodb_log_checksums=ON --innodb_redo_log_encrypt=0 --innodb_undo_log_encrypt=0 2022-11-02T10:05:08.225323+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized client arguments: --prepare=1 --target-dir=/data/backup/full/ ./xtrabackup version 8.0.28-20 based on MySQL server 8.0.28 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 4cc3081873d) ... ... 2022-11-02T10:05:10.760137+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-012980] [InnoDB] Shutdown completed; log sequence number 18202144 2022-11-02T10:05:10.760601+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] completed OK!
3.2、模仿数据库丢失，停掉服务
[root@myoracle bin]# mv /home/mysql/data/ /home/mysql/data.BAK [root@myoracle bin]# service mysql stop Shutting down MySQL.. SUCCESS!
3.3、恢复阶段
[root@myoracle bin]# ./xtrabackup --copy-back --target-dir=/data/backup/full/ 2022-11-02T10:05:44.060196+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized server arguments: --datadir=/home/mysql/data --innodb_buffer_pool_size=512M 2022-11-02T10:05:44.060373+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] recognized client arguments: --port=3306 --socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock --copy-back=1 --target-dir=/data/backup/full/ ./xtrabackup version 8.0.28-20 based on MySQL server 8.0.28 Linux (x86_64) (revision id: 4cc3081873d) 2022-11-02T10:05:44.060416+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] cd to /data/backup/full/ 2022-11-02T10:05:44.060680+08:00 0 [Note] [MY-011825] [Xtrabackup] Original data directory /home/mysql/data is not empty! [root@myoracle bin]# cp -a /data/backup/full/ /home/mysql/ [root@myoracle bin]# cd /home/mysql [root@myoracle mysql]# ll total 12 drwxr-xr-x. 6 mysql mysql 4096 Nov 2 10:00 data.BAK drwxr-x---. 7 root root 4096 Nov 2 10:05 full drwxrwxr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 Nov 1 11:25 mysql8 srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 0 Nov 2 09:19 mysql.sock -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 5 Nov 2 09:19 mysql.sock.lock [root@myoracle mysql]# chown -R mysql.mysql full/ [root@myoracle mysql]# mv full/ data [root@myoracle mysql]# ll total 12 drwxr-x---. 7 mysql mysql 4096 Nov 2 10:05 data drwxr-xr-x. 6 mysql mysql 4096 Nov 2 10:00 data.BAK drwxrwxr-x. 9 mysql mysql 129 Nov 1 11:25 mysql8 srwxrwxrwx. 1 mysql mysql 0 Nov 2 09:19 mysql.sock -rw-------. 1 mysql mysql 5 Nov 2 09:19 mysql.sock.lock
3.4、启动服务
[root@myoracle bin]# service mysql start Starting MySQL. SUCCESS! [root@myoracle bin]# ./mysql -u root -p Enter password: Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MySQL connection id is 8 Server version: 8.0.28 MySQL Community Server - GPL Copyright (c) 2000, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective owners. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. mysql> show databases; +--------------------+ | Database | +--------------------+ | dey | | information_schema | | mysql | | performance_schema | | sys | +--------------------+ 5 rows in set (0.01 sec) mysql> 数据恢复成功
4、定时备份
4.1、全备脚本
#!/bin/bash
date=`date +%F`
backupDir=/data/backup/
target_dir=/data/backup/$date
xtrDir=/usr/local/xtrabackup/bin/xtrabackup
mysqlDir=/home/mysql/mysql8/bin/mysql
backupLog=$backupDir/backuplog
mysql_host=192.168.x.x
mysql_port=3306
mysql_root=root
mysql_password=xxx
mysql_socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock
mysql_cnf=/etc/my.cnf
$xtrDir --defaults-file=$mysql_cnf --user=$mysql_user --password=$mysql_password --socket=$mysql_socket --compress --compress-threads=2 --backup --target-dir=$target_dir >>$backupLog/backup_full_success.log 2>&1 ##备份时--compress将备份出来的文件压缩成.qp结尾的文件，需要先解压--decompress，不然在prepare时报错找不到xtrabackup_logfile，或者在备份时去掉--compress和--compress-threads，我这里是去掉了。
$xtrDir --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=$target_dir >>$backupLog/prepare_full_success.log 2>&1
#find $backupDir -maxdepth 1 -type d -mtime +14 -exec rm -Rf {} \; >>$backupLog/deleted_record.log 2>&1 ##删除14天前的备份文件
4.2、增备脚本
#!/bin/bash
date=`date +%F`
datenum=`date -d "1 days ago" +%F`
cur_dateTime=$(date "+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
backupDir=/data/backup
target_dir=/data/backup/$date
xtrDir=/usr/local/xtrabackup/bin/xtrabackup
mysqlDir=/home/mysql/mysql8/bin/mysql
backupLog=$backupDir/backuplog
mysql_host=192.168.x.x
mysql_port=3306
mysql_root=root
mysql_password=xxx
mysql_socket=/home/mysql/mysql.sock
mysql_cnf=/etc/my.cnf
$xtrDir --defaults-file=$mysql_cnf --port=$mysql_port --user=$mysql_user --password=$mysql_password --socket=$mysql_socket --compress --compress-threads=2 --backup --target-dir=$target_dir --incremental-basedir=$backupDir/$datenum >> $backupLog/backup_incr_success.log 2>&1 ##这里和全备脚本一样，需要先解压或者去掉--compress和--compress-threads
$xtrDir --prepare --apply-log-only --target-dir=$backupDir/$datenum --incremental-dir=$target_dir >> $backupLog/prepare_incr_success.log 2>&1
#find $backupDir -maxdepth 1 -type d -mtime +14 -exec rm -Rf {} \; >>$backupLog/deleted_record.log 2>&1 ##删除14天前的备份文件
4.3、添加定时任务
[root@myoracle data]# crontab -l 0 10 * * 7 sh /data/mysql_full_backup.sh ##周日10点做一次全备 0 10 * * 1-6 sh /data/mysql_incr_backup.sh ##周一到周六10点做一次增备
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