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Java HttpClient执行请求时配置cookie流程详细讲解

作者：ᅟᅟᅟᅟᅟ

这篇文章主要介绍了Java HttpClient执行请求时配置cookie流程，文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习吧

简介:Java使用HttpClient执行请求一些网页时，可能需要登陆或维护一下cookie，才能请求到我们想要的数据。本文就要介绍一下使用HttpClient执行请求时设置cookie和维持维护cookie的方法及示例代码。

1､添加定义cookie

1) 创建一个cookie存储并在该存储中设置示例cookie

BasicCookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
BasicClientCookie cookie = new BasicClientCookie("JSESSIONID", "1234");
cookie.setDomain(".github.com");
cookie.setPath("/");
cookieStore.addCookie(cookie);

2) HttpClient 4.3之前版本

@Test
public void givenUsingDeprecatedApi_whenSettingCookiesOnTheHttpClient_thenCorrect() 
  throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
    BasicCookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
    BasicClientCookie cookie = new BasicClientCookie("JSESSIONID", "1234");
    cookie.setDomain(".github.com");
    cookie.setPath("/");
    cookieStore.addCookie(cookie);
    DefaultHttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();
    client.setCookieStore(cookieStore);
    HttpGet request = new HttpGet("http://www.github.com");
    response = client.execute(request);
    assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
}

3) HttpClient 4.3之后版本

@Test
public void whenSettingCookiesOnTheHttpClient_thenCookieSentCorrectly() 
  throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
    BasicCookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
    BasicClientCookie cookie = new BasicClientCookie("JSESSIONID", "1234");
    cookie.setDomain(".github.com");
    cookie.setPath("/");
    cookieStore.addCookie(cookie);
    HttpClient client = HttpClientBuilder.create().setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore).build();
    final HttpGet request = new HttpGet("http://www.github.com");
    response = client.execute(request);
    assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
}

4) 根据请求设置Cookie

如果不能在整个HttpClient上设置cookie，则可以使用HttpContext类分别使用cookie配置请求：

@Test
public void whenSettingCookiesOnTheRequest_thenCookieSentCorrectly() 
  throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
    BasicCookieStore cookieStore = new BasicCookieStore();
    BasicClientCookie cookie = new BasicClientCookie("JSESSIONID", "1234");
    cookie.setDomain(".github.com");
    cookie.setPath("/");
    cookieStore.addCookie(cookie);
    instance = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
    HttpGet request = new HttpGet("http://www.github.com");
    HttpContext localContext = new BasicHttpContext();
    localContext.setAttribute(HttpClientContext.COOKIE_STORE, cookieStore);
    // localContext.setAttribute(ClientContext.COOKIE_STORE, cookieStore); // before 4.3
    response = instance.execute(request, localContext);
    assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
}

5) 低级请求上设置Cookie

@Test
public void whenSettingCookiesOnARequest_thenCorrect() 
  throws ClientProtocolException, IOException {
    instance = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
    HttpGet request = new HttpGet("http://www.github.com");
    request.setHeader("Cookie", "JSESSIONID=1234");
    response = instance.execute(request);
    assertThat(response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode(), equalTo(200));
}

2､维护保存响应的cookie

从httpClientContext.getCookieStore()读取到响应的cookie信息保存起来，下次请求之前可以使用HttpClientBuilder.create().setDefaultCookieStore()方法设置之前保存的cookie信息,执行请求时就会携带cookie信息，具体代码如下：

package org.hfutec.crawler.main;
import com.google.common.collect.Lists;
import org.apache.http.Header;
import org.apache.http.HttpHeaders;
import org.apache.http.NameValuePair;
import org.apache.http.client.CookieStore;
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpUriRequest;
import org.apache.http.client.methods.RequestBuilder;
import org.apache.http.client.protocol.HttpClientContext;
import org.apache.http.client.utils.URIBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClientBuilder;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.HttpClients;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicHeader;
import org.apache.http.message.BasicNameValuePair;
import java.io.*;
import java.net.URI;
import java.net.URISyntaxException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;
public class RequestWithCookie {
  public static void main(String[] args) throws URISyntaxException, IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
    //待请求的地址
    String url = "http://www.example.com";
    //请求参数
    List<NameValuePair> loginNV = new ArrayList<>();
    loginNV.add(new BasicNameValuePair("userName", "test"));
    loginNV.add(new BasicNameValuePair("passWord", "test"));
    //构造请求资源地址
    URI uri = new URIBuilder(url).addParameters(loginNV).build();
    //创建一个HttpContext对象，用来保存Cookie
    HttpClientContext httpClientContext = HttpClientContext.create();
    //构造自定义Header信息
    List<Header> headerList = Lists.newArrayList();
    headerList.add(new BasicHeader(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT, "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9," +
            "image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8"));
    headerList.add(new BasicHeader(HttpHeaders.USER_AGENT, "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) " +
            "AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/60.0.3112.113 Safari/537.36"));
    headerList.add(new BasicHeader(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT_ENCODING, "gzip, deflate"));
    headerList.add(new BasicHeader(HttpHeaders.CACHE_CONTROL, "max-age=0"));
    headerList.add(new BasicHeader(HttpHeaders.CONNECTION, "keep-alive"));
    headerList.add(new BasicHeader(HttpHeaders.ACCEPT_LANGUAGE, "zh-CN,zh;q=0.8,en;q=0.6,zh-TW;q=0.4,ja;q=0.2," +
            "de;q=0.2"));
    //构造自定义的HttpClient对象
    HttpClient httpClient = HttpClients.custom().setDefaultHeaders(headerList).build();
    //构造请求对象
    HttpUriRequest httpUriRequest = RequestBuilder.get().setUri(uri).build();
    //执行请求，传入HttpContext，将会得到请求结果的信息
    httpClient.execute(httpUriRequest, httpClientContext);
    //获取请求结果中Cookie，此时的Cookie已经带有登录信息了
    CookieStore cookieStore = httpClientContext.getCookieStore();
    //这个CookieStore保存了我们的登录信息，我们可以先将它保存到某个本地文件，后面直接读取使用
    saveCookieStore(cookieStore,"cookie");
    //使用Cookie来请求，首先读取之前的Cookie
    CookieStore cookieStore1 = readCookieStore("cookie");
    //构造一个带这个Cookie的HttpClient
    HttpClient newHttpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().setDefaultCookieStore(cookieStore1).build();
    //使用新的HttpClient请求。此时HttpClient已经带有了之前的登录信息，再爬取就不用登录了
    newHttpClient.execute(httpUriRequest, httpClientContext);
  }
  //使用序列化的方式保存CookieStore到本地文件，方便后续的读取使用
  private static void saveCookieStore( CookieStore cookieStore, String savePath ) throws IOException {
    FileOutputStream fs = new FileOutputStream(savePath);
    ObjectOutputStream os =  new ObjectOutputStream(fs);
    os.writeObject(cookieStore);
    os.close();
  }
  //读取Cookie的序列化文件，读取后可以直接使用
  private static CookieStore readCookieStore( String savePath ) throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
    FileInputStream fs = new FileInputStream("cookie");//("foo.ser");
    ObjectInputStream ois = new ObjectInputStream(fs);
    CookieStore cookieStore = (CookieStore) ois.readObject();
    ois.close();
    return cookieStore;
  }
}

到此这篇关于Java HttpClient执行请求时配置cookie流程详细讲解的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Java配置cookie内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！

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