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SpringSecurity自定义Form表单使用方法讲解

2023-01-17 09:51:26 作者：做网安的小王

这篇文章主要介绍了Spring Security自定义Form表单使用方法，虽然 Spring Security 提供了默认的登录表单，实际项目里肯定是不可以直接使用的，当然 Spring Security 也提供了自定义登录表单的功能

背景

本系列教程，是作为团队内部的培训资料准备的。主要以实验的方式来体验SpringSecurity的各项Feature。

新建一个SpringBoot项目，起名springboot-security-form，核心依赖为Web，SpringSecurity与Thymeleaf。

<dependencies><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency>
</dependencies>

实验-HttpBasic

@Override
protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {// There is no PasswordEncoder mapped for the id "null"PasswordEncoder encoder = PasswordEncoderFactories.createDelegatingPasswordEncoder();String yourPassword = "123";System.out.println("Encoded password: " + encoder.encode(yourPassword));// Config account info and permissionsauth.inMemoryAuthentication().withUser("dev").password(encoder.encode(yourPassword)).authorities("p1").and().withUser("test").password(encoder.encode(yourPassword)).authorities("p2");
}
@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/user/add").hasAuthority("p1").antMatchers("/user/query").hasAuthority("p2").antMatchers("/user/**").authenticated().anyRequest().permitAll() // Let other request pass.and().httpBasic();
}

实验-自定义登录页面

登录页面配置

@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/user/add").hasAuthority("p1").antMatchers("/user/query").hasAuthority("p2").antMatchers("/user/**").authenticated().anyRequest().permitAll() // Let other request pass.and().csrf().disable() // turn off csrf, or will be 403 forbidden.formLogin() // Support form and HTTPBasic.loginPage("/login");
}

后端登录页面接口

@Controller
public class LoginController {@GetMapping("/login")public String login() {return "login";}@GetMapping(value = "/user/add")@ResponseBodypublic String accessResource1() {return " Access Resource 1: Add User";}@GetMapping(value = "/user/query")@ResponseBodypublic String accessResource2() {return " Access Resource 2: Query User";}
}

前端模板

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head><meta charset="UTF-8"><title>Login</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="login" method="post"><span>用户名</span><input type="text" name="username" /> <br><span>密码</span><input type="password" name="password" /> <br><input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>
</body>
</html>

Note：此时，需要先关闭CSRF，.csrf().disable()，否则报403；

实验-自定义登录接口

默认登录页面接口与登录数据提交接口是同一个：/login，顺着.loginPage，进入FormLoginConfigurer，源码如下：

@Override
public FormLoginConfigurer<H> loginPage(String loginPage) {return super.loginPage(loginPage);
}

继续进入父类的loginPage方法，

protected T loginPage(String loginPage) {setLoginPage(loginPage);updateAuthenticationDefaults();this.customLoginPage = true;return getSelf();
}

继续跟踪进入方法updateAuthenticationDefaults();，可以看到，如果没有配置loginProcessingUrl，那么loginProcessingUrl与loginPage便相同。

protected final void updateAuthenticationDefaults() {if (loginProcessingUrl == null) {loginProcessingUrl(loginPage);}if (failureHandler == null) {failureUrl(loginPage + "?error");}final LogoutConfigurer<B> logoutConfigurer = getBuilder().getConfigurer(LogoutConfigurer.class);if (logoutConfigurer != null && !logoutConfigurer.isCustomLogoutSuccess()) {logoutConfigurer.logoutSuccessUrl(loginPage + "?logout");}
}

下面我们自定义登录数据提交接口为/formLogin，此时相应的前端action也要修改。

@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/user/add").hasAuthority("p1").antMatchers("/user/query").hasAuthority("p2").antMatchers("/user/**").authenticated().anyRequest().permitAll() // Let other request pass.and().csrf().disable() // turn off csrf, or will be 403 forbidden.formLogin() // Support form and HTTPBasic.loginPage("/login").loginProcessingUrl("/formLogin");
}

<form action="formLogin" method="post"><span>用户名</span><input type="text" name="username" /> <br><span>密码</span><input type="password" name="password" /> <br><input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>

实验-自定义登录数据参数

前面我们自定义了登录页面，在form表单中设置用户名、密码分别为username, password，那为什么这样写呢，可以改成别的嘛？可以倒是可以，但是不能随便改；

如果这里我们把username改为name，再次尝试登录，后端接口将报错：org.springframework.security.authentication.BadCredentialsException: Bad credentials。。可是实际项目中我们的用户名密码就是不叫这个名字呢？我们可以进行配置.usernameParameter("name")：

@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/user/add").hasAuthority("p1").antMatchers("/user/query").hasAuthority("p2").antMatchers("/user/**").authenticated().anyRequest().permitAll() // Let other request pass.and().csrf().disable() // turn off csrf, or will be 403 forbidden.formLogin() // Support form and HTTPBasic.loginPage("/login").loginProcessingUrl("/formLogin").usernameParameter("name");
}

<form action="formLogin" method="post"><span>用户名</span><input type="text" name="name" /> <br><span>密码</span><input type="password" name="password" /> <br><input type="submit" value="登录">
</form>

默认的用户名、密码分别为username, password，我们看下SpringSecurity的源码：

public final class FormLoginConfigurer<H extends HttpSecurityBuilder<H>> extends
		AbstractAuthenticationFilterConfigurer<H, FormLoginConfigurer<H>, UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter> {
	/**
	 * Creates a new instance
	 * @see HttpSecurity#formLogin()
	 */
	public FormLoginConfigurer() {
		super(new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter(), null);
		usernameParameter("username");
		passwordParameter("password");
	}
}

实验-自定义登录失败、成功处理器

问题：就以上个实验3中的报错信息为例，或当用户名、密码输错后，如何在后台看到错误信息？

@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/user/add").hasAuthority("p1").antMatchers("/user/query").hasAuthority("p2").antMatchers("/user/**").authenticated().anyRequest().permitAll() // Let other request pass.and().csrf().disable() // turn off csrf, or will be 403 forbidden.formLogin() // Support form and HTTPBasic.loginPage("/login").loginProcessingUrl("/formLogin").usernameParameter("name").failureHandler(new AuthenticationFailureHandler(){@Overridepublic void onAuthenticationFailure(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException exception) throws IOException, ServletException {exception.printStackTrace();request.getRequestDispatcher(request.getRequestURL().toString()).forward(request, response);}});
}

常见的认证异常，这里可以看到AuthenticationException共有18个子类：

上述增加了在认证失败时的处理：输出错误信息。同理，如果想在登录成功时直接进行一些处理（eg: 数据初始化等），可以使用以下配置：

.successHandler(new AuthenticationSuccessHandler() {@Overridepublic void onAuthenticationSuccess(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,Authentication authentication) throws IOException, ServletException {System.out.println("Login Successfully~");// do something here: initial work or forward to different url regarding different roles...request.getRequestDispatcher("").forward(request, response);}
})

实验-自定义登录成功跳转页面

经历千难万险，终于要登录成功了。进来之后要跳转到哪里呢？看你喽~想跳哪里跳哪里。。

@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/user/add").hasAuthority("p1").antMatchers("/user/query").hasAuthority("p2").antMatchers("/user/**").authenticated().anyRequest().permitAll() // Let other request pass.and().csrf().disable() // turn off csrf, or will be 403 forbidden.formLogin() // Support form and HTTPBasic.loginPage("/login").loginProcessingUrl("/formLogin").usernameParameter("name").failureHandler(new AuthenticationFailureHandler(){@Overridepublic void onAuthenticationFailure(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException exception) throws IOException, ServletException {exception.printStackTrace();request.getRequestDispatcher(request.getRequestURL().toString()).forward(request, response);}}).successForwardUrl("/ok"); // custom login success page, a POST request
}

@Controller
public class LoginController {...@PostMapping(value = "/ok")@ResponseBodypublic String ok() {return "ok";}
}

通过.successForwardUrl("/ok")配置了登录成功之后要跳转的页面路径或接口，同时需要在后端新增/ok接口。

Note:

注意这里successForwardUrl的接口必须为POST接口；
除了.successForwardUrl("/ok");，还可以使用.defaultSuccessUrl("/ok");或者.defaultSuccessUrl("/ok", true); 第二个参数true表示不管是从哪个地址进来，登录后全部跳转到指定的地址，此时与successForwardUrl效果相同，默认为false
当然，除了登录成功后的跳转，还有登录失败后的跳转：failureForwardUrl。

实验-自定义退出接口

默认的退出接口是/logout，可进行配置：

@Override
protected void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {http.authorizeRequests().antMatchers("/user/add").hasAuthority("p1").antMatchers("/user/query").hasAuthority("p2").antMatchers("/user/**").authenticated().anyRequest().permitAll() // Let other request pass.and().csrf().disable() // turn off csrf, or will be 403 forbidden.formLogin() // Support form and HTTPBasic.loginPage("/login").loginProcessingUrl("/formLogin").usernameParameter("name").failureHandler(new AuthenticationFailureHandler(){@Overridepublic void onAuthenticationFailure(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException exception) throws IOException, ServletException {exception.printStackTrace();request.getRequestDispatcher(request.getRequestURL().toString()).forward(request, response);}}).successForwardUrl("/ok") // custom login success page, a POST request.and().logout().logoutUrl("/leave");}

上述配置将退出接口改为/leave。在默认的退出过程中，还做了诸如清除认证信息和使Session失效等工作：

public class SecurityContextLogoutHandler implements LogoutHandler {
	protected final Log logger = LogFactory.getLog(this.getClass());
	private boolean invalidateHttpSession = true;
	private boolean clearAuthentication = true;
	// ~ Methods
	// ==========================================
	/**
	 * Requires the request to be passed in.
	 *
	 * @param request from which to obtain a HTTP session (cannot be null)
	 * @param response not used (can be <code>null</code>)
	 * @param authentication not used (can be <code>null</code>)
	 */
	public void logout(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response,
			Authentication authentication) {
		Assert.notNull(request, "HttpServletRequest required");
		if (invalidateHttpSession) {
			HttpSession session = request.getSession(false);
			if (session != null) {
				logger.debug("Invalidating session: " + session.getId());
				session.invalidate();
			}
		}
		if (clearAuthentication) {
			SecurityContext context = SecurityContextHolder.getContext();
			context.setAuthentication(null);
		}
		SecurityContextHolder.clearContext();
	}
}

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