python中用shutil.move移动文件或目录的方法实例
作者：jn10010537
在python操作中大家对os,shutil,sys,等通用库一定不陌生,下面这篇文章主要给大家介绍了关于python中用shutil.move移动文件或目录的相关资料,需要的朋友可以参考下
0、背景
shutil.move可以实现文件或者目录的移动。
打印：
import shutil
help(shutil.move)
# 打印如下：
'''
move(src, dst, copy_function=<function copy2 at 0x000001D1CE15F8C8>)
Recursively move a file or directory to another location. This is
similar to the Unix "mv" command. Return the file or directory's
destination.
If the destination is a directory or a symlink to a directory, the source
is moved inside the directory. The destination path must not already
exist.
If the destination already exists but is not a directory, it may be
overwritten depending on os.rename() semantics.
If the destination is on our current filesystem, then rename() is used.
Otherwise, src is copied to the destination and then removed. Symlinks are
recreated under the new name if os.rename() fails because of cross
filesystem renames.
The optional `copy_function` argument is a callable that will be used
to copy the source or it will be delegated to `copytree`.
By default, copy2() is used, but any function that supports the same
signature (like copy()) can be used.
A lot more could be done here... A look at a mv.c shows a lot of
the issues this implementation glosses over.
'''
查看shutil.move函数：
def move(src, dst, copy_function=copy2):
"""Recursively move a file or directory to another location. This is
similar to the Unix "mv" command. Return the file or directory's
destination.
If the destination is a directory or a symlink to a directory, the source
is moved inside the directory. The destination path must not already
exist.
If the destination already exists but is not a directory, it may be
overwritten depending on os.rename() semantics.
If the destination is on our current filesystem, then rename() is used.
Otherwise, src is copied to the destination and then removed. Symlinks are
recreated under the new name if os.rename() fails because of cross
filesystem renames.
The optional `copy_function` argument is a callable that will be used
to copy the source or it will be delegated to `copytree`.
By default, copy2() is used, but any function that supports the same
signature (like copy()) can be used.
A lot more could be done here... A look at a mv.c shows a lot of
the issues this implementation glosses over.
"""
real_dst = dst
if os.path.isdir(dst):
if _samefile(src, dst):
# We might be on a case insensitive filesystem,
# perform the rename anyway.
os.rename(src, dst)
return
real_dst = os.path.join(dst, _basename(src))
if os.path.exists(real_dst):
raise Error("Destination path '%s' already exists" % real_dst)
try:
os.rename(src, real_dst)
except OSError:
if os.path.islink(src):
linkto = os.readlink(src)
os.symlink(linkto, real_dst)
os.unlink(src)
elif os.path.isdir(src):
if _destinsrc(src, dst):
raise Error("Cannot move a directory '%s' into itself"
" '%s'." % (src, dst))
copytree(src, real_dst, copy_function=copy_function,
symlinks=True)
rmtree(src)
else:
copy_function(src, real_dst)
os.unlink(src)
return real_dst
1、移动目录
shutil.move(old,new)用来移动：文件夹：
| old | 是一个目录 |
|---|---|
| new | 是一个存在的目录，这时会把old目录移动到new下面；可以new也可以是一个不存在的目录，这时会创建这个不存在的目录，然后把old目录下面的所有文件移动到创建的目录里面。 |
举例：
import shutil
# 移动目录
shutil.move("./folder_123","./folder_456")
./folder_123：
-------------------目录一定要存在，否则报错；
./folder_456：
-------------------目录不存在时，创建该目录，并将./folder_123目录下的文件移动到./folder_456目录下；
-------------------目录存在时，将folder_123文件夹移动到folder_456文件夹内；
2、移动文件
shutil.move(old,new)用来移动：文件：
| old | 是一个文件路径 |
|---|---|
| new | new是一个存在的文件夹路径或是一个存在的文件夹路径加文件名 |
注意：
- new如果是一个不存在的文件夹路径，则会将原文件移动到new文件夹上一目录中，且以该文件夹的名字重命名。
- new如果是一个不存在的文件夹路径加文件名，则会报错。
举例：
import shutil
# 移动文件
shutil.move("./mask/sample.jpg","./folder_456/folder_789")
./mask/sample.jpg：
-------------------路径一定要存在，否则报错；
./folder_456/folder_789：
-------------------目录存在时，将./mask/sample.jpg文件移动到./folder_456/folder_789目录下；
-------------------目录不存在时，具体：folder_456存在，folder_789不存在时，将./mask/sample.jpg移动到folder_456文件夹下，并将sample.jpg文件改名为folder_789；
-------------------目录不存在时，具体：folder_456不存在，folder_789不存在时，报错！
总结
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