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Python按天实现生成时间范围序列的方法详解

作者：ponponon

有的时候我们希望生成一段时间返回，比如从 2022-01-01 00:00:00 后面的 10 天，这么 10 个 datetime 对象，但是我们又不想自己去计算哪些月有30天哪些月有31天。所以本文将用Python实现按天自动生成时间范围序列，需要的可以参考一下

有的时候我们希望生成一段时间返回，比如从 2022-01-01 00:00:00 后面的 10 天，这么 10 个 datetime 对象，但是我们又不想自己去计算哪些月有30天哪些月有31天。

使用 timedelta

datetime 中包含了 timedelta ，可以用来实现这个功能

from datetime import datetime, timedelta, timezone
from pydantic.datetime_parse import parse_datetime
from loguru import logger


SECOND: int = 1
MINUTE: int = SECOND*60
HOUR: int = MINUTE*60
DAY: int = HOUR*24
WEEK: int = DAY*7
MONTH: int = DAY*30


def get_utc_now_timestamp(with_tzinfo: bool = True) -> datetime:
    """ https://blog.csdn.net/ball4022/article/details/101670024 """
    if not with_tzinfo:
        return datetime.utcnow()
    return datetime.utcnow().replace(tzinfo=timezone.utc)


def timedelta_seconds(start_time: datetime, end_time: datetime = None) -> int:
    """ 返回两个时间相差的秒数 """
    if not end_time:
        end_time = get_utc_now_timestamp()

    return int((end_time - start_time).total_seconds())


def custom_timestamp(base_timestamp: datetime, seconds: int, reduce=False):
    return base_timestamp + timedelta(seconds=seconds) \
        if not reduce \
        else base_timestamp - timedelta(seconds=seconds)


start_datetime = parse_datetime('2022-02-27 00:00:00')
data = [
    dt
    for dt in [
        custom_timestamp(start_datetime, DAY*i) for i in range(10)
    ]
]
logger.debug(data)

输出如下：

╰─➤  python -u "/Users/ponponon/Desktop/code/me/ideaboom/main.py"
2022-11-15 15:18:37.653 | DEBUG    | __main__:<module>:67 - [datetime.datetime(2022, 2, 27, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2022, 2, 28, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2022, 3, 1, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2022, 3, 2, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2022, 3, 3, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2022, 3, 4, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2022, 3, 5, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2022, 3, 6, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2022, 3, 7, 0, 0), datetime.datetime(2022, 3, 8, 0, 0)]

使用 arrow 这个第三方库

import arrow
from loguru import logger
from pydantic.datetime_parse import parse_datetime

for crawl_date in arrow.Arrow.range('day', parse_datetime('2022-02-27 00:00:00'), parse_datetime('2022-03-10 00:00:00')):
    logger.debug(crawl_date.datetime)

输出如下：

╰─➤  python -u "/Users/ponponon/Desktop/code/me/ideaboom/datetime_arrow_range.py"
2022-11-15 15:28:52.130 | DEBUG    | __main__:<module>:6 - 2022-02-27 00:00:00+00:00
2022-11-15 15:28:52.130 | DEBUG    | __main__:<module>:6 - 2022-02-28 00:00:00+00:00
2022-11-15 15:28:52.130 | DEBUG    | __main__:<module>:6 - 2022-03-01 00:00:00+00:00
2022-11-15 15:28:52.130 | DEBUG    | __main__:<module>:6 - 2022-03-02 00:00:00+00:00
2022-11-15 15:28:52.130 | DEBUG    | __main__:<module>:6 - 2022-03-03 00:00:00+00:00
2022-11-15 15:28:52.130 | DEBUG    | __main__:<module>:6 - 2022-03-04 00:00:00+00:00
2022-11-15 15:28:52.130 | DEBUG    | __main__:<module>:6 - 2022-03-05 00:00:00+00:00
2022-11-15 15:28:52.130 | DEBUG    | __main__:<module>:6 - 2022-03-06 00:00:00+00:00
2022-11-15 15:28:52.130 | DEBUG    | __main__:<module>:6 - 2022-03-07 00:00:00+00:00
2022-11-15 15:28:52.130 | DEBUG    | __main__:<module>:6 - 2022-03-08 00:00:00+00:00
2022-11-15 15:28:52.130 | DEBUG    | __main__:<module>:6 - 2022-03-09 00:00:00+00:00
2022-11-15 15:28:52.130 | DEBUG    | __main__:<module>:6 - 2022-03-10 00:00:00+00:00

补充

当然，Python还有很多生成不同要求的时间序列的方法，下面小编为大家整理了一些，希望对大家有所帮助

生成不同间隔的时间序列

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import datetime as dt

# 从2022-07-01开始，间隔3天，生成10条 时间数据
rng = pd.date_range('2022-07-01', periods = 10, freq = '3D')
print(rng)
print("#####################")

# 指定开始时间，结束时间  以及频率
data=pd.date_range('2022-01-01','2023-01-01',freq='M')
print(data)
print("#####################")

# 从2022-01-01开始，间隔1天，生成20条 时间数据
time=pd.Series(np.random.randn(20),
           index=pd.date_range(dt.datetime(2022,1,1),periods=20))
print(time)
print("#####################")

# 不规则的时间间隔
p1 = pd.period_range('2022-01-01 10:10', freq = '25H', periods = 10)
print(p1)
print("######################################")

# 指定索引
rng = pd.date_range('2022 Jul 1', periods = 10, freq = 'D')
print(pd.Series(range(len(rng)), index = rng))
print("######################################")

测试记录:

DatetimeIndex(['2022-07-01', '2022-07-04', '2022-07-07', '2022-07-10',
               '2022-07-13', '2022-07-16', '2022-07-19', '2022-07-22',
               '2022-07-25', '2022-07-28'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='3D')
#####################
DatetimeIndex(['2022-01-31', '2022-02-28', '2022-03-31', '2022-04-30',
               '2022-05-31', '2022-06-30', '2022-07-31', '2022-08-31',
               '2022-09-30', '2022-10-31', '2022-11-30', '2022-12-31'],
              dtype='datetime64[ns]', freq='M')
#####################
2022-01-01   -0.957412
2022-01-02   -0.333720
2022-01-03    1.079960
2022-01-04    0.050675
2022-01-05    0.270313
2022-01-06   -0.222715
2022-01-07   -0.560258
2022-01-08    1.009430
2022-01-09   -0.678157
2022-01-10    0.213557
2022-01-11   -0.720791
2022-01-12    0.332096
2022-01-13   -0.986449
2022-01-14   -0.357303
2022-01-15   -0.559618
2022-01-16    0.480281
2022-01-17   -0.443998
2022-01-18    1.541631
2022-01-19   -0.094559
2022-01-20    1.875012
Freq: D, dtype: float64
#####################
PeriodIndex(['2022-01-01 10:00', '2022-01-02 11:00', '2022-01-03 12:00',
             '2022-01-04 13:00', '2022-01-05 14:00', '2022-01-06 15:00',
             '2022-01-07 16:00', '2022-01-08 17:00', '2022-01-09 18:00',
             '2022-01-10 19:00'],
            dtype='period[25H]', freq='25H')
######################################
2022-07-01    0
2022-07-02    1
2022-07-03    2
2022-07-04    3
2022-07-05    4
2022-07-06    5
2022-07-07    6
2022-07-08    7
2022-07-09    8
2022-07-10    9
Freq: D, dtype: int64
######################################

截断时间段

import pandas as pd
import numpy as np
import datetime as dt

# 从2022-01-01开始，间隔1天，生成20条 时间数据
time=pd.Series(np.random.randn(20),
           index=pd.date_range(dt.datetime(2022,1,1),periods=20))
print(time)
print("#####################")

# 只输出2022-01-10 之后的数据
print(time.truncate(before='2022-1-10'))
print("#####################")

# 只输出2022-01-10 之后的数据
print(time.truncate(after='2022-1-10'))
print("#####################")

# 输出区间段
print(time['2022-01-15':'2022-01-20'])
print("#####################")

测试记录:

2022-01-01   -0.203552
2022-01-02   -1.035483
2022-01-03    0.252587
2022-01-04   -1.046993
2022-01-05    0.152435
2022-01-06   -0.534518
2022-01-07    0.770170
2022-01-08   -0.038129
2022-01-09    0.531485
2022-01-10    0.499937
2022-01-11    0.815295
2022-01-12    2.315740
2022-01-13   -0.443379
2022-01-14   -0.689247
2022-01-15    0.667250
2022-01-16   -2.067246
2022-01-17   -0.105151
2022-01-18   -0.420562
2022-01-19    1.012943
2022-01-20    0.509710
Freq: D, dtype: float64
#####################
2022-01-10    0.499937
2022-01-11    0.815295
2022-01-12    2.315740
2022-01-13   -0.443379
2022-01-14   -0.689247
2022-01-15    0.667250
2022-01-16   -2.067246
2022-01-17   -0.105151
2022-01-18   -0.420562
2022-01-19    1.012943
2022-01-20    0.509710
Freq: D, dtype: float64
#####################
2022-01-01   -0.203552
2022-01-02   -1.035483
2022-01-03    0.252587
2022-01-04   -1.046993
2022-01-05    0.152435
2022-01-06   -0.534518
2022-01-07    0.770170
2022-01-08   -0.038129
2022-01-09    0.531485
2022-01-10    0.499937
Freq: D, dtype: float64
#####################
2022-01-15    0.667250
2022-01-16   -2.067246
2022-01-17   -0.105151
2022-01-18   -0.420562
2022-01-19    1.012943
2022-01-20    0.509710
Freq: D, dtype: float64
#####################

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