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Python对XML文件实现增删改查操作

作者:Septieme

这篇文章主要为大家详细介绍了Python对XML文件进行实现增删改查操作的方法,文中的示例代码讲解详细,具有一定的借鉴价值,感兴趣的可以了解一下

PYTHON 操作 XML

读取XML文件

关于XML的介绍

<data> 与 </data> 是一对标签的开始与结束

<property … /> 也是一个正确的标签,以 /> 结尾,是在标签没有嵌套内容时的简写形式

name=“cat”,name是<data>标签的一个属性,cat是name属性的值

description here …是<data>标签的内容,这里是一段文本。当然也可以是xml的嵌套

<data name="cat" num="10"> description here ... </data>

<property value="node" />

<country name="china">
	<province name="beijing">
		<school name="the sunshine school" />
	</province>
</country>

准备一个demo.xml文件

<data>
    <teacher name="Albert">
        <birthday>1980</birthday>
        <gender>male</gender>
        <subject>Math</subject>
    </teacher>

    <student name="Becky">
        <birthday>2000</birthday>
        <gender>female</gender>
        <hobbies>
            <hobby>skating</hobby>
            <hobby>rocks</hobby>
        </hobbies>
        <exam absence="no">
            <math>90</math>
            <english>90</english>
            <music>95</music>
        </exam>

    </student>
    <student name="Cindy">
        <birthday>2001</birthday>
        <gender>female</gender>
        <hobbies>
            <hobby>reading</hobby>
            <hobby>guitar</hobby>
        </hobbies>
        <exam absence="yes">
        </exam>
    </student>

    <student name="Duke">
        <birthday>2000</birthday>
        <gender>male</gender>
        <hobbies>
            <hobby>football</hobby>
            <hobby>surfing</hobby>
        </hobbies>
        <exam absence="no">
            <math>100</math>
            <english>80</english>
            <music>92</music>
        </exam>
    </student>

</data>

读取xml文件内容

# Read the .xml file
tree = ET.parse("demo.xml")
root = tree.getroot()
print(root)

结果

<Element 'data' at 0x102d80cf8>

遍历XML元素

for … in … 可以遍历当前元素的所有直接子节点

for n in root:
    # items() returns all <key, value> pairs of the tag
    print(n, n.tag , n.attrib, n.items())

结果

(<Element 'teacher' at 0x1048b9e48>, 'teacher', {'name': 'Albert'}, [('name', 'Albert')])
(<Element 'student' at 0x1048bf0f0>, 'student', {'name': 'Becky'}, [('name', 'Becky')])
(<Element 'student' at 0x1048bf3c8>, 'student', {'name': 'Cindy'}, [('name', 'Cindy')])
(<Element 'student' at 0x1048bf5f8>, 'student', {'name': 'Duke'}, [('name', 'Duke')])

想要迭代遍历当前元素的所有子节点(包括子孙节点)

for n in root.iter():
    print(n, n.tag)

结果

(<Element 'data' at 0x1052f0cf8>, 'data')
(<Element 'teacher' at 0x1052f0e48>, 'teacher')
(<Element 'birthday' at 0x1052f0d30>, 'birthday')
(<Element 'gender' at 0x1052f6080>, 'gender')
(<Element 'subject' at 0x1052f60b8>, 'subject')
(<Element 'student' at 0x1052f60f0>, 'student')
(<Element 'birthday' at 0x1052f6048>, 'birthday')
(<Element 'gender' at 0x1052f6128>, 'gender')
(<Element 'hobbies' at 0x1052f6198>, 'hobbies')
(<Element 'hobby' at 0x1052f6208>, 'hobby')
(<Element 'hobby' at 0x1052f6240>, 'hobby')
(<Element 'exam' at 0x1052f62b0>, 'exam')
(<Element 'math' at 0x1052f6320>, 'math')
(<Element 'english' at 0x1052f6390>, 'english')
(<Element 'music' at 0x1052f6400>, 'music')
(<Element 'student' at 0x1052f63c8>, 'student')
(<Element 'birthday' at 0x1052f6438>, 'birthday')
(<Element 'gender' at 0x1052f6470>, 'gender')
(<Element 'hobbies' at 0x1052f64a8>, 'hobbies')
(<Element 'hobby' at 0x1052f6518>, 'hobby')
(<Element 'hobby' at 0x1052f6588>, 'hobby')
(<Element 'exam' at 0x1052f65c0>, 'exam')
(<Element 'student' at 0x1052f65f8>, 'student')
(<Element 'birthday' at 0x1052f6630>, 'birthday')
(<Element 'gender' at 0x1052f6668>, 'gender')
(<Element 'hobbies' at 0x1052f66a0>, 'hobbies')
(<Element 'hobby' at 0x1052f6710>, 'hobby')
(<Element 'hobby' at 0x1052f6780>, 'hobby')
(<Element 'exam' at 0x1052f67b8>, 'exam')
(<Element 'math' at 0x1052f6828>, 'math')
(<Element 'english' at 0x1052f6898>, 'english')
(<Element 'music' at 0x1052f6908>, 'music')

想要选择性地迭代直接子节点

for n in root.iter('teacher'):
    print(n, n.tag)
(<Element 'teacher' at 0x100f29e48>, 'teacher')

查找XML元素

find与findall查找xml元素

# find the first element
print(root.find('student'))
# find all  elements
print(root.findall('student'))
<Element 'student' at 0x1034300f0>

[<Element 'student' at 0x1034300f0>, <Element 'student' at 0x1034303c8>, <Element 'student' at 0x1034305f8>]

demo

for n in root:
    if n.tag == 'student' and n.get('name') == 'Becky':
        exam_node = n.find('exam')
        for subject in exam_node:
            print(subject.tag + " " + subject.text)

结果

math 90
english 90
music 95

添加XML元素

p = ET.Element(tag_name)

demo

for n in root:
    if n.tag == 'student' and n.get('name') == 'Cindy':
        exam_node = n.find('exam')
        exam_node.set("absence", "no")
        for subject in ['math', 'music']:
            p = ET.Element(subject)
            p.text = '90'
            exam_node.append(p)

if os.path.exists('new.xml'):
    os.remove('new.xml')
tree.write('new.xml', encoding='utf-8', xml_declaration=True)

结果

    <student name="Cindy">
        <birthday>2001</birthday>
        <gender>female</gender>
        <hobbies>
            <hobby>reading</hobby>
            <hobby>guitar</hobby>
        </hobbies>
        <exam absence="no">
        <math>90</math><music>90</music></exam>
    </student>

修改XML元素

demo

for n in root:
    if n.tag == 'student' and n.get('name') == 'Cindy':
        exam_node = n.find('exam')
        exam_node.set("absence", "no")
        exam_node.set("date", "2022-11-11")
        for subject in ['math', 'music']:
            p = ET.Element(subject)
            p.text = '90'
            exam_node.append(p)

        hobbies_node = n.find('hobbies').findall("hobby")
        hobbies_node[0].text = 'piano'
        p = ET.Element("hobby")
        p.set("old_hobby", 'yes')
        p.text = 'reading'
        n.find('hobbies').remove(hobbies_node[1])
        n.find('hobbies').append(p)

结果

    <student name="Cindy">
        <birthday>2001</birthday>
        <gender>female</gender>
        <hobbies>
            <hobby>piano</hobby>
            <hobby old_hobby="yes">reading</hobby></hobbies>
        <exam absence="no" date="2022-11-11">
        <math>90</math><music>90</music></exam>
    </student>

到此这篇关于Python对XML文件实现增删改查操作的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Python XML增删改查内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!

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