C++中cout输出中文信息乱码问题及解决
投稿:jingxian
cout输出中文信息乱码问题
问题描述
在实例化学生类对象时,对学生的姓名采用了形如“张三”这样的汉字信息,在输出学生姓名时出现了乱码问题(如下图):
解决办法
采用<windows.h>头文件中的SetConsoleOutputCP(CP_UTF8)函数来设置在显示器打印时的编码格式就解决了乱码问题。
完整代码如下:
#include <iostream> #include <windows.h> using namespace std; class Student { public: string name; int num; Student(const string &name, int num) : name(name), num(num) {} friend ostream &operator<<(ostream &os, const Student &student) { os << "name: " << student.name << " num: " << student.num; return os; } }; int main() { SetConsoleOutputCP(CP_UTF8); Student s("张三", 1001); cout << s << endl; return 0; }
C++ 输出cout
#include <cstring> #include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { /* <<运算符 (可以进行 混合 拼接输出) */ const char *s = "hhhhh"; //字符串是const char*类型的,所以将字符串赋值给 char* 类型要加const关键字 cout << "the length of the s is " << strlen(s) << endl; // strlen()是cstring库中的函数 char str[10] = "ddddd"; cout << "hello" << endl; cout << s << str << endl; //可以进行拼接输出 // 如何打印字符串地址的值? //对于其他类型的指针,c++将其对应于void*,并打印地址的数值表示。如果要获得字符串的地址,则必须将其强制类型转换成其他类型 cout << &str[0] << endl; //invalid cout << (float *)s << endl; //valid cout << (void *)str << endl; //valid cout << (int *)"hello" << endl; //valid cout << "-------------------------------------------\n"; /* put()方法 (可以进行 混合 拼接输出) 用于显示字符 (也可以将int型的赋给它,它会将int转换成char,从而显示与该ascll码相对应的字符) */ cout.put('d'); cout.put('\n'); cout.put('d').put('b').put('\n'); //可以进行拼接输出 cout.put(65); cout.put(65.9); //put 浮点数65.9强制类型转换成整型数65(向下取整) cout.put('\n'); cout << "-------------------------------------------\n"; /* write()方法 (可以进行 混合 拼接输出) 第一个参数提供了要显示的字符串的地址,第二个参数指出要显示多少个字符 */ const char *state1 = "Florida"; const char *state2 = "Kansas"; //state1、state3用于提供state2前面和后面的数据,以便程序员知道程序错误存取state2时发生的情况 const char *state3 = "Euphoria"; int len = strlen(state2); cout << "Increasing loop index:\n"; int i; for (i = 1; i <= len; i++) { cout.write(state2, i); cout << endl; } // concatenate output cout << "Decreasing loop index:\n"; for (i = len; i > 0; i--) cout.write(state2, i) << endl; // exceed string length cout << "Exceeding string length:\n"; //我们发现:连续定义的字符串时连续存储的,中间用一个空格隔开 !!这可能因为编译器之间的差别而有所不同 cout.write(state2, len + 5).write("\n", 1).write(state2, len + 4) << endl; /* write()也可以用于数值数据,您可以将数字的地址强制转换成char*,然后传递给他 但这不会将数字转换为相应的字符,而是传输内存中储存的位表示。例如4字节的long值将作为四个独立的字节被传输, 输出设备将把每个字节作为ASCLL码进行解释,最终显示出来的是四个字符的组合(有可能是乱码) */ long val = 1094795585; // 二进制数01000001010000010100000101000001所对应的十进制数(每个字节都是65) cout.write((char *)&val, sizeof(long)).write("\n", 1); cout << "-------------------------------------------\n"; /* 刷新输出缓存区 */ cout << "Hello, good-looking! " << flush; cout << "Wait just a moment, please." << endl; //endl 刷新缓冲区,并插入一个换行符 flush(cout); cout << flush; //ostream类对<<插入运算符进行了重载,使得下述表达式将被替换位函数调用flush(cout); return 0; }
输出
the length of the s is 5
hello
hhhhhddddd
ddddd
0x406045
0x61feee
0x406063
-------------------------------------------
d
db
AA
-------------------------------------------
Increasing loop index:
K
Ka
Kan
Kans
Kansa
Kansas
Decreasing loop index:
Kansas
Kansa
Kans
Kan
Ka
K
Exceeding string length:
Kansas Euph
Kansas Eup
AAAA
-------------------------------------------
Hello, good-looking! Wait just a moment, please.
#include <iostream> using namespace std; int main() { int n = 10; cout << "n\n"; cout << n << " (decimal)\n"; cout << hex << n << " (hexadecimal)\n"; cout << oct << n << " (octal)\n"; dec(cout); // ostream类重载了<<运算符,这使得上述用法与函数调用dec(cout)等价 cout << n << " (decimal)\n"; cout << "-------------------------------------------\n"; //width() 只影响接下来显示的一个项目,然后字段宽度将恢复为默认值 0 int w = cout.width(2); //width(int i)返回的是修改前字段宽度的值,而不是刚设置的值 //fill(char c) 它更改的填充字符将一直有效,直到再次更改它为止 cout.fill('*'); cout << "default field width = " << w << ":\n"; //C++的原则:显示所有的数据比保持列的整洁更重要。输入上面设置了字段宽度为2,但这里依旧能将字符串“default field width = ”显示全 cout.width(5); cout << "N" << ":\n"; for (long i = 1; i <= 100; i *= 10) { cout.width(5); cout << i << ":\n"; } cout << "-------------------------------------------\n"; //设置浮点数的精度 float price1 = 20.40; float price2 = 1.9 + 8.0 / 9.0; cout << "\"Furry Friends\" is $" << price1 << "!\n"; cout << "\"Fiery Fiends\" is $" << price2 << "!\n"; cout.precision(2); //修改输出浮点数的精度为2,设置后一直有效,直到再次更改它为止 cout << "\"Furry Friends\" is $" << price1 << "!\n"; cout << "\"Fiery Fiends\" is $" << price2 << "!\n"; cout.precision(6); cout.setf(ios_base::showpoint); //showpoint是ios_base类声明中定义的类级静态常量,在成员函数的定义外面使用要加上作用域运算符(::) cout << "\"Furry Friends\" is $" << price1 << "!\n"; cout << "\"Fiery Fiends\" is $" << price2 << "!\n"; cout.precision(2); cout << "\"Furry Friends\" is $" << price1 << "!\n"; cout << "\"Fiery Fiends\" is $" << price2 << "!\n"; cout << "-------------------------------------------\n"; int temperature = 63; cout << "Today's water temperature: "; cout.setf(ios_base::showpos); // show plus sign cout << temperature << endl; cout << "For our programming friends, that's\n"; cout << std::hex << temperature << endl; // use hex cout.setf(ios_base::uppercase); // use uppercase in hex cout.setf(ios_base::showbase); // use 0X prefix for hex cout << "or\n"; cout << temperature << endl; cout << "How " << true << "! oops -- How "; cout.setf(ios_base::boolalpha); cout << true << "!\n"; cin.get(); return 0; }
输出
n
10 (decimal)
a (hexadecimal)
12 (octal)
10 (decimal)
-------------------------------------------
default field width = 0:
****N:
****1:
***10:
**100:
-------------------------------------------
"Furry Friends" is $20.4!
"Fiery Fiends" is $2.78889!
"Furry Friends" is $20!
"Fiery Fiends" is $2.8!
"Furry Friends" is $20.4000!
"Fiery Fiends" is $2.78889!
"Furry Friends" is $20.!
"Fiery Fiends" is $2.8!
-------------------------------------------
Today's water temperature: +63
For our programming friends, that's
3f
or
0X3F
How 0X1! oops -- How true!
附录
以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持脚本之家。