深入了解Golang官方container/heap用法

// The Interface type describes the requirements
// for a type using the routines in this package.
// Any type that implements it may be used as a
// min-heap with the following invariants (established after
// Init has been called or if the data is empty or sorted):
//
//	!h.Less(j, i) for 0 <= i < h.Len() and 2*i+1 <= j <= 2*i+2 and j < h.Len()
//
// Note that Push and Pop in this interface are for package heap's
// implementation to call. To add and remove things from the heap,
// use heap.Push and heap.Pop.
type Interface interface {
	sort.Interface
	Push(x any) // add x as element Len()
	Pop() any   // remove and return element Len() - 1.
}

type Interface interface {
	Len() int
	Less(i, j int) bool
	Swap(i, j int)
}

// Init establishes the heap invariants required by the other routines in this package.
// Init is idempotent with respect to the heap invariants
// and may be called whenever the heap invariants may have been invalidated.
// The complexity is O(n) where n = h.Len().
func Init(h Interface) {
	// heapify
	n := h.Len()
	for i := n/2 - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
		down(h, i, n)
	}
}

// Push pushes the element x onto the heap.
// The complexity is O(log n) where n = h.Len().
func Push(h Interface, x any) {
	h.Push(x)
	up(h, h.Len()-1)
}

// Pop removes and returns the minimum element (according to Less) from the heap.
// The complexity is O(log n) where n = h.Len().
// Pop is equivalent to Remove(h, 0).
func Pop(h Interface) any {
	n := h.Len() - 1
	h.Swap(0, n)
	down(h, 0, n)
	return h.Pop()
}

// Remove removes and returns the element at index i from the heap.
// The complexity is O(log n) where n = h.Len().
func Remove(h Interface, i int) any {
	n := h.Len() - 1
	if n != i {
		h.Swap(i, n)
		if !down(h, i, n) {
			up(h, i)
		}
	}
	return h.Pop()
}

// Fix re-establishes the heap ordering after the element at index i has changed its value.
// Changing the value of the element at index i and then calling Fix is equivalent to,
// but less expensive than, calling Remove(h, i) followed by a Push of the new value.
// The complexity is O(log n) where n = h.Len().
func Fix(h Interface, i int) {
	if !down(h, i, h.Len()) {
		up(h, i)
	}
}

// This example demonstrates an integer heap built using the heap interface.
package main

import (
	"container/heap"
	"fmt"
)

// An IntHeap is a min-heap of ints.
type IntHeap []int

func (h IntHeap) Len() int           { return len(h) }
func (h IntHeap) Less(i, j int) bool { return h[i] < h[j] }
func (h IntHeap) Swap(i, j int)      { h[i], h[j] = h[j], h[i] }

func (h *IntHeap) Push(x any) {
	// Push and Pop use pointer receivers because they modify the slice's length,
	// not just its contents.
	*h = append(*h, x.(int))
}

func (h *IntHeap) Pop() any {
	old := *h
	n := len(old)
	x := old[n-1]
	*h = old[0 : n-1]
	return x
}

// This example inserts several ints into an IntHeap, checks the minimum,
// and removes them in order of priority.
func main() {
	h := &IntHeap{2, 1, 5}
	heap.Init(h)
	heap.Push(h, 3)
	fmt.Printf("minimum: %d\n", (*h)[0])
	for h.Len() > 0 {
		fmt.Printf("%d ", heap.Pop(h))
	}
}

Output：
minimum: 1
1 2 3 5

// This example demonstrates a priority queue built using the heap interface.
package main

import (
	"container/heap"
	"fmt"
)

// An Item is something we manage in a priority queue.
type Item struct {
	value    string // The value of the item; arbitrary.
	priority int    // The priority of the item in the queue.
	// The index is needed by update and is maintained by the heap.Interface methods.
	index int // The index of the item in the heap.
}

// A PriorityQueue implements heap.Interface and holds Items.
type PriorityQueue []*Item

func (pq PriorityQueue) Len() int { return len(pq) }

func (pq PriorityQueue) Less(i, j int) bool {
	// We want Pop to give us the highest, not lowest, priority so we use greater than here.
	return pq[i].priority > pq[j].priority
}

func (pq PriorityQueue) Swap(i, j int) {
	pq[i], pq[j] = pq[j], pq[i]
	pq[i].index = i
	pq[j].index = j
}

func (pq *PriorityQueue) Push(x any) {
	n := len(*pq)
	item := x.(*Item)
	item.index = n
	*pq = append(*pq, item)
}

func (pq *PriorityQueue) Pop() any {
	old := *pq
	n := len(old)
	item := old[n-1]
	old[n-1] = nil  // avoid memory leak
	item.index = -1 // for safety
	*pq = old[0 : n-1]
	return item
}

// update modifies the priority and value of an Item in the queue.
func (pq *PriorityQueue) update(item *Item, value string, priority int) {
	item.value = value
	item.priority = priority
	heap.Fix(pq, item.index)
}

// This example creates a PriorityQueue with some items, adds and manipulates an item,
// and then removes the items in priority order.
func main() {
	// Some items and their priorities.
	items := map[string]int{
		"banana": 3, "apple": 2, "pear": 4,
	}

	// Create a priority queue, put the items in it, and
	// establish the priority queue (heap) invariants.
	pq := make(PriorityQueue, len(items))
	i := 0
	for value, priority := range items {
		pq[i] = &Item{
			value:    value,
			priority: priority,
			index:    i,
		}
		i++
	}
	heap.Init(&pq)

	// Insert a new item and then modify its priority.
	item := &Item{
		value:    "orange",
		priority: 1,
	}
	heap.Push(&pq, item)
	pq.update(item, item.value, 5)

	// Take the items out; they arrive in decreasing priority order.
	for pq.Len() > 0 {
		item := heap.Pop(&pq).(*Item)
		fmt.Printf("%.2d:%s ", item.priority, item.value)
	}
}


Output
05:orange 04:pear 03:banana 02:apple

package util

import (
	"container/heap"
)

type TimeSortedQueueItem struct {
	Time  int64
	Value interface{}
}

type TimeSortedQueue []*TimeSortedQueueItem

func (q TimeSortedQueue) Len() int           { return len(q) }
func (q TimeSortedQueue) Less(i, j int) bool { return q[i].Time < q[j].Time }
func (q TimeSortedQueue) Swap(i, j int)      { q[i], q[j] = q[j], q[i] }

func (q *TimeSortedQueue) Push(v interface{}) {
	*q = append(*q, v.(*TimeSortedQueueItem))
}

func (q *TimeSortedQueue) Pop() interface{} {
	n := len(*q)
	item := (*q)[n-1]
	*q = (*q)[0 : n-1]
	return item
}

func NewTimeSortedQueue(items ...*TimeSortedQueueItem) *TimeSortedQueue {
	q := make(TimeSortedQueue, len(items))
	for i, item := range items {
		q[i] = item
	}
	heap.Init(&q)
	return &q
}

func (q *TimeSortedQueue) PushItem(time int64, value interface{}) {
	heap.Push(q, &TimeSortedQueueItem{
		Time:  time,
		Value: value,
	})
}

func (q *TimeSortedQueue) PopItem() interface{} {
	if q.Len() == 0 {
		return nil
	}

	return heap.Pop(q).(*TimeSortedQueueItem).Value
}