python使用pika库调用rabbitmq交换机模式详解
作者:IT之一小佬
前言:
交换机模式主要包括:交换机之发布订阅、交换机之关键字和交换机之通配符。
1、交换机之发布订阅
发布订阅和简单的消息队列区别在于,发布订阅会将消息发送给所有的订阅者,而消息队列中的数据被消费一次便消失。所以,RabbitMQ实现发布和订阅时,会为每一个订阅者创建一个队列,而发布者发布消息时,会将消息放置在所有相关队列中。
生产者模式:
示例代码:
import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的fanout的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout') # 发布订阅模式参数 # 3.向logs交换机中插入数据:"Hello world" message = 'info:Hello World!' channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs', routing_key='', body=message, properties=pika.BasicProperties( delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent ) ) print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
运行结果:
消费者模式:
示例代码:
import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的fanout的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs', exchange_type='fanout') # 3.创建队列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 随机生成一个队列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.将指定队列绑定到交换机上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs', queue=queue_name) # 5.确定回调函数 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.确定监听队列参数 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定队列 auto_ack=False, # 手动应答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式监听 channel.start_consuming()
运行结果:【将程序重复执行三次,三个消费者都收到了同样的消息】
2、交换机之关键字
生产者模式:
示例代码: 【将info分别改为warning、error运行】
import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的direct的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs2', exchange_type='direct') # 发布订阅模式参数 # 3.向logs交换机中插入数据:"Hello world" message = 'info:Hello World!' channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs2', routing_key='info', # info信息 body=message, properties=pika.BasicProperties( delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent ) ) print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
运行结果:
消费者模式:
示例代码1:
import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的direct的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs2', exchange_type='direct') # 3.创建队列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 随机生成一个队列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.将指定队列绑定到交换机上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key='info') channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key='waring') channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key='error') # # 使用for循环将指定队列绑定到交换机上 # for key in ['info', 'waring', 'error']: # channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key=key) # 5.确定回调函数 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.确定监听队列参数 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定队列 auto_ack=False, # 手动应答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式监听 channel.start_consuming()
运行结果:
示例代码2:
import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的direct的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs2', exchange_type='direct') # 3.创建队列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 随机生成一个队列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.将指定队列绑定到交换机上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key='info') # # 使用for循环将指定队列绑定到交换机上 # for key in ['info', 'waring', 'error']: # channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key=key) # 5.确定回调函数 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.确定监听队列参数 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定队列 auto_ack=False, # 手动应答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式监听 channel.start_consuming()
运行结果:
示例代码3:
import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的direct的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs2', exchange_type='direct') # 3.创建队列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 随机生成一个队列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.将指定队列绑定到交换机上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key='error') # # 使用for循环将指定队列绑定到交换机上 # for key in ['info', 'waring', 'error']: # channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key=key) # 5.确定回调函数 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.确定监听队列参数 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定队列 auto_ack=False, # 手动应答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式监听 channel.start_consuming()
运行结果:
3、交换机之通配符
通配符交换机”与之前的路由模式相比,它将信息的传输类型的key更加细化,以“key1.key2.keyN....”的模式来指定信息传输的key的大类型和大类型下面的小类型,让消费者可以更加精细的确认自己想要获取的信息类型。而在消费者一段,不用精确的指定具体到哪一个大类型下的小类型的key,而是可以使用类似正则表达式(但与正则表达式规则完全不同)的通配符在指定一定范围或符合某一个字符串匹配规则的key,来获取想要的信息。
“通配符交换机”(Topic Exchange)将路由键和某模式进行匹配。此时队列需要绑定在一个模式上。符号“#”匹配一个或多个词,符号“*”仅匹配一个词。因此“audit.#”能够匹配到“audit.irs.corporate”,但是“audit.*”只会匹配到“audit.irs”。(这里与一般的正则表达式的“*”和“#”刚好相反,这里我们需要注意一下。)
生产者模式:
示例代码: 【分别将routing_key改为usa.news、news.usa和usa.weather执行一遍】
import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的topic的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs3', exchange_type='topic') # 发布订阅模式参数 # 3.向logs交换机中插入数据:"Hello world" message = 'usa.news---------' channel.basic_publish(exchange='logs3', routing_key='usa.news', # usa.news body=message, properties=pika.BasicProperties( delivery_mode=2, # make message persistent ) ) print(" [x] Sent 'Hello World!'")
运行结果:
消费者模式:
示例代码1:
import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的topic的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs3', exchange_type='topic') # 3.创建队列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 随机生成一个队列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.将指定队列绑定到交换机上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs3', queue=queue_name, routing_key='news.#') # # 使用for循环将指定队列绑定到交换机上 # for key in ['info.#', 'waring.#', 'error.#']: # channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key=key) # 5.确定回调函数 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.确定监听队列参数 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定队列 auto_ack=False, # 手动应答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式监听 channel.start_consuming()
运行结果:
示例代码2:
import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的topic的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs3', exchange_type='topic') # 3.创建队列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 随机生成一个队列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.将指定队列绑定到交换机上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs3', queue=queue_name, routing_key='#.news') # # 使用for循环将指定队列绑定到交换机上 # for key in ['info.#', 'waring.#', 'error.#']: # channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key=key) # 5.确定回调函数 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.确定监听队列参数 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定队列 auto_ack=False, # 手动应答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式监听 channel.start_consuming()
运行结果:
示例代码3:
import pika # 1.连接rabbit connection = pika.BlockingConnection(pika.ConnectionParameters('192.168.124.104')) channel = connection.channel() # 2.声明一个名为logs类型的topic的交换机 channel.exchange_declare(exchange='logs3', exchange_type='topic') # 3.创建队列 result = channel.queue_declare("", exclusive=True) # 随机生成一个队列名 queue_name = result.method.queue print(queue_name) # 4.将指定队列绑定到交换机上 channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs3', queue=queue_name, routing_key='#.weather') # # 使用for循环将指定队列绑定到交换机上 # for key in ['info.#', 'waring.#', 'error.#']: # channel.queue_bind(exchange='logs2', queue=queue_name, routing_key=key) # 5.确定回调函数 def callback(ch, method, properties, body): print(" [x] Received %r" % body) ch.basic_ack(delivery_tag=method.delivery_tag) # 6.确定监听队列参数 channel.basic_consume(queue=queue_name, # 指定队列 auto_ack=False, # 手动应答方式 on_message_callback=callback) print(' [*] Waiting for messages. To exit press CTRL+C') # 7.正式监听 channel.start_consuming()
运行结果:
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