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java SpringBoot 分布式事务的解决方案(JTA+Atomic+多数据源)

作者:码农小宋​​​​​​​

这篇文章主要介绍了java SpringBoot 分布式事务的解决方案(JTA+Atomic+多数据源),文章围绕主题展开详细的内容介绍,具有一定的参考价值,感兴趣的小伙伴可以参考一下

前言

首先,到底啥是分布式事务呢,比如我们在执行一个业务逻辑的时候有两步分别操作A数据源和B数据源,当我们在A数据源执行数据更改后,在B数据源执行时出现运行时异常,那么我们必须要让B数据源的操作回滚,并回滚对A数据源的操作;这种情况在支付业务时常常出现;比如买票业务在最后支付失败,那之前的操作必须全部回滚,如果之前的操作分布在多个数据源中,那么这就是典型的分布式事务回滚;

了解了什么是分布式事务,那分布式事务在java的解决方案就是JTA(即Java Transaction API);springboot官方提供了 Atomikos or Bitronix的解决思路;

其实,大多数情况下很多公司是使用消息队列的方式实现分布式事务。

本篇文章重点讲解springboot环境下,整合 Atomikos +mysql+mybatis+tomcat/jetty;

一、项目依赖

pom.xml中添加atomikos的springboot相关依赖:

<!--分布式事务-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-jta-atomikos</artifactId>
</dependency>

点进去会发现里面整合好了:​​transactions-jms​​、​​transactions-jta​​、​​transactions-jdbc​​、​​javax.transaction-api​

二、数据源配置

把数据源的相关配置项单独提炼到一个application.yml中:

注意:

完整的yml文件如下:

spring:
datasource:
type: com.alibaba.druid.pool.xa.DruidXADataSource
druid:

systemDB:
name: systemDB
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot-mybatis?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
username: root
password: root
# 下面为连接池的补充设置,应用到上面所有数据源中
# 初始化大小,最小,最大
initialSize: 5
minIdle: 5
maxActive: 20
# 配置获取连接等待超时的时间
maxWait: 60000
# 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测,检测需要关闭的空闲连接,单位是毫秒
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
# 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间,单位是毫秒
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 30
validationQuery: SELECT 1
validationQueryTimeout: 10000
testWhileIdle: true
testOnBorrow: false
testOnReturn: false
# 打开PSCache,并且指定每个连接上PSCache的大小
poolPreparedStatements: true
maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
filters: stat,wall
# 通过connectProperties属性来打开mergeSql功能;慢SQL记录
connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=5000
# 合并多个DruidDataSource的监控数据
useGlobalDataSourceStat: true

businessDB:
name: businessDB

url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springboot-mybatis2?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
username: root
password: root
# 下面为连接池的补充设置,应用到上面所有数据源中
# 初始化大小,最小,最大
initialSize: 5
minIdle: 5
maxActive: 20
# 配置获取连接等待超时的时间
maxWait: 60000
# 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测,检测需要关闭的空闲连接,单位是毫秒
timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis: 60000
# 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间,单位是毫秒
minEvictableIdleTimeMillis: 30
validationQuery: SELECT 1
validationQueryTimeout: 10000
testWhileIdle: true
testOnBorrow: false
testOnReturn: false
# 打开PSCache,并且指定每个连接上PSCache的大小
poolPreparedStatements: true
maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize: 20
filters: stat,wall
# 通过connectProperties属性来打开mergeSql功能;慢SQL记录
connectionProperties: druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=5000
# 合并多个DruidDataSource的监控数据
useGlobalDataSourceStat: true
#jta相关参数配置
jta:
log-dir: classpath:tx-logs
transaction-manager-id: txManager

三、数据源的注册

在DruidConfig.java中实现多个数据源的注册;分布式事务管理器的注册;druid的注册

package com.zjt.config;
import com.alibaba.druid.filter.stat.StatFilter;
import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.StatViewServlet;
import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter;
import com.alibaba.druid.wall.WallConfig;
import com.alibaba.druid.wall.WallFilter;
import com.atomikos.icatch.jta.UserTransactionImp;
import com.atomikos.icatch.jta.UserTransactionManager;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.jta.atomikos.AtomikosDataSourceBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.FilterRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletRegistrationBean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.transaction.jta.JtaTransactionManager;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
import javax.transaction.UserTransaction;
import java.util.Properties;
/**
* Druid配置
*
*
*/
@Configuration
public class DruidConfig {
@Bean(name = "systemDataSource")
@Primary
@Autowired
public DataSource systemDataSource(Environment env){
AtomikosDataSourceBean ds = new AtomikosDataSourceBean();
Properties prop = build(env, "spring.datasource.druid.systemDB.");
ds.setXaDataSourceClassName("com.alibaba.druid.pool.xa.DruidXADataSource");
ds.setUniqueResourceName("systemDB");
ds.setPoolSize(5);
ds.setXaProperties(prop);
return ds;

}
@Autowired
@Bean(name = "businessDataSource")
public AtomikosDataSourceBean businessDataSource(Environment env){

AtomikosDataSourceBean ds = new AtomikosDataSourceBean();
Properties prop = build(env, "spring.datasource.druid.businessDB.");
ds.setXaDataSourceClassName("com.alibaba.druid.pool.xa.DruidXADataSource");
ds.setUniqueResourceName("businessDB");
ds.setPoolSize(5);
ds.setXaProperties(prop);

return ds;
}
/**
* 注入事物管理器
* @return
*/
@Bean(name = "xatx")
public JtaTransactionManager regTransactionManager (){
UserTransactionManager userTransactionManager = new UserTransactionManager();
UserTransaction userTransaction = new UserTransactionImp();
return new JtaTransactionManager(userTransaction, userTransactionManager);
}
private Properties build(Environment env, String prefix){
Properties prop = new Properties();
prop.put("url", env.getProperty(prefix + "url"));
prop.put("username", env.getProperty(prefix + "username"));
prop.put("password", env.getProperty(prefix + "password"));
prop.put("driverClassName", env.getProperty(prefix + "driverClassName", ""));
prop.put("initialSize", env.getProperty(prefix + "initialSize", Integer.class));
prop.put("maxActive", env.getProperty(prefix + "maxActive", Integer.class));
prop.put("minIdle", env.getProperty(prefix + "minIdle", Integer.class));
prop.put("maxWait", env.getProperty(prefix + "maxWait", Integer.class));
prop.put("poolPreparedStatements", env.getProperty(prefix + "poolPreparedStatements", Boolean.class));
prop.put("maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize",
env.getProperty(prefix + "maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize", Integer.class));
prop.put("maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize",
env.getProperty(prefix + "maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize", Integer.class));
prop.put("validationQuery", env.getProperty(prefix + "validationQuery"));
prop.put("validationQueryTimeout", env.getProperty(prefix + "validationQueryTimeout", Integer.class));
prop.put("testOnBorrow", env.getProperty(prefix + "testOnBorrow", Boolean.class));
prop.put("testOnReturn", env.getProperty(prefix + "testOnReturn", Boolean.class));
prop.put("testWhileIdle", env.getProperty(prefix + "testWhileIdle", Boolean.class));
prop.put("timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis",
env.getProperty(prefix + "timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis", Integer.class));
prop.put("minEvictableIdleTimeMillis", env.getProperty(prefix + "minEvictableIdleTimeMillis", Integer.class));
prop.put("filters", env.getProperty(prefix + "filters"));

return prop;
}
@Bean
public ServletRegistrationBean druidServlet(){
ServletRegistrationBean servletRegistrationBean = new ServletRegistrationBean(new StatViewServlet(), "/druid/*");
//控制台管理用户,加入下面2行 进入druid后台就需要登录
//servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("loginUsername", "admin");
//servletRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("loginPassword", "admin");
return servletRegistrationBean;
}
@Bean
public FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean(){
FilterRegistrationBean filterRegistrationBean = new FilterRegistrationBean();
filterRegistrationBean.setFilter(new WebStatFilter());
filterRegistrationBean.addUrlPatterns("/*");
filterRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("exclusions", "*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*");
filterRegistrationBean.addInitParameter("profileEnable", "true");
return filterRegistrationBean;
}
@Bean
public StatFilter statFilter(){
StatFilter statFilter = new StatFilter();
statFilter.setLogSlowSql(true); //slowSqlMillis用来配置SQL慢的标准,执行时间超过slowSqlMillis的就是慢。
statFilter.setMergeSql(true); //SQL合并配置
statFilter.setSlowSqlMillis(1000);//slowSqlMillis的缺省值为3000,也就是3秒。
return statFilter;
}
@Bean
public WallFilter wallFilter(){
WallFilter wallFilter = new WallFilter();
//允许执行多条SQL
WallConfig config = new WallConfig();
config.setMultiStatementAllow(true);
wallFilter.setConfig(config);
return wallFilter;
}

}

四、配置数据源对应的sqlSessionFactory

分别配置每个数据源对应的sqlSessionFactory,以及MapperScan扫描的包

MybatisDatasourceConfig.java

package com.zjt.config;
import com.zjt.util.MyMapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourcePatternResolver;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
/**
*
* @description
*/
@Configuration
// 精确到 mapper 目录,以便跟其他数据源隔离
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.zjt.mapper", markerInterface = MyMapper.class, sqlSessionFactoryRef = "sqlSessionFactory")
public class MybatisDatasourceConfig {
@Autowired
@Qualifier("systemDataSource")
private DataSource ds;
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory() throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
factoryBean.setDataSource(ds);
//指定mapper xml目录
ResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
factoryBean.setMapperLocations(resolver.getResources("classpath:mapper/*.xml"));
return factoryBean.getObject();
}
@Bean
public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate() throws Exception {
SqlSessionTemplate template = new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory()); // 使用上面配置的Factory
return template;
}

//关于事务管理器,不管是JPA还是JDBC等都实现自接口 PlatformTransactionManager
// 如果你添加的是 spring-boot-starter-jdbc 依赖,框架会默认注入 DataSourceTransactionManager 实例。
//在Spring容器中,我们手工注解@Bean 将被优先加载,框架不会重新实例化其他的 PlatformTransactionManager 实现类。
/*@Bean(name = "transactionManager")
@Primary
public DataSourceTransactionManager masterTransactionManager() {
//MyBatis自动参与到spring事务管理中,无需额外配置,只要org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean引用的数据源
// 与DataSourceTransactionManager引用的数据源一致即可,否则事务管理会不起作用。
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(ds);
}*/
}

MybatisDatasource2Config.java

package com.zjt.config;
import com.zjt.util.MyMapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.session.SqlSessionFactory;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean;
import org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionTemplate;
import org.mybatis.spring.annotation.MapperScan;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver;
import org.springframework.core.io.support.ResourcePatternResolver;
import javax.sql.DataSource;
/**
*
* @description
*/
@Configuration
// 精确到 mapper 目录,以便跟其他数据源隔离
@MapperScan(basePackages = "com.zjt.mapper2", markerInterface = MyMapper.class, sqlSessionFactoryRef = "sqlSessionFactory2")
public class MybatisDatasource2Config {
@Autowired
@Qualifier("businessDataSource")
private DataSource ds;
@Bean
public SqlSessionFactory sqlSessionFactory2() throws Exception {
SqlSessionFactoryBean factoryBean = new SqlSessionFactoryBean();
factoryBean.setDataSource(ds);
//指定mapper xml目录
ResourcePatternResolver resolver = new PathMatchingResourcePatternResolver();
factoryBean.setMapperLocations(resolver.getResources("classpath:mapper2/*.xml"));
return factoryBean.getObject();

}
@Bean
public SqlSessionTemplate sqlSessionTemplate2() throws Exception {
SqlSessionTemplate template = new SqlSessionTemplate(sqlSessionFactory2()); // 使用上面配置的Factory
return template;
}
//关于事务管理器,不管是JPA还是JDBC等都实现自接口 PlatformTransactionManager
// 如果你添加的是 spring-boot-starter-jdbc 依赖,框架会默认注入 DataSourceTransactionManager 实例。
//在Spring容器中,我们手工注解@Bean 将被优先加载,框架不会重新实例化其他的 PlatformTransactionManager 实现类。
/*@Bean(name = "transactionManager2")
@Primary
public DataSourceTransactionManager masterTransactionManager() {
//MyBatis自动参与到spring事务管理中,无需额外配置,只要org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean引用的数据源
// 与DataSourceTransactionManager引用的数据源一致即可,否则事务管理会不起作用。
return new DataSourceTransactionManager(ds);
}*/
}

由于我们本例中只使用一个事务管理器:xatx,故就不在使用​​TxAdviceInterceptor.java​​和​​TxAdvice2Interceptor.java​​中配置的事务管理器了;有需求的童鞋可以自己配置其他的事务管理器;(见DruidConfig.java中查看)

五、测试接口

新建分布式业务测试接口JtaTestService.java和实现类JtaTestServiceImpl.java

其实就是一个很简单的test01()方法,在该方法中我们分别先后调用​​classService.saveOrUpdateTClass(tClass);​​和​​teacherService.saveOrUpdateTeacher(teacher);​

实现先后操作两个数据源:然后我们可以自己debug跟踪事务的提交时机,此外,也可以在在两个方法全执行结束之后,手动制造一个运行时异常,来检查分布式事务是否全部回滚;

注意:

在实现类的方法中我使用的是:

@Transactional(transactionManager = "xatx", propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, rollbackFor = { java.lang.RuntimeException.class })从而指定了使用哪个事务管理器,事务隔离级别(一般都用我这个默认的),回滚的条件(一般可以使用Exception),这三个可以自己根据业务实际修改;
package com.zjt.service3;
import java.util.Map;
public interface JtaTestService {
public Map<String,Object> test01();
}
package com.zjt.service3.impl;

import com.zjt.entity.TClass;
import com.zjt.entity.Teacher;
import com.zjt.service.TClassService;
import com.zjt.service2.TeacherService;
import com.zjt.service3.JtaTestService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Propagation;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;

import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;

@Service("jtaTestServiceImpl")
public class JtaTestServiceImpl implements JtaTestService{

@Autowired
@Qualifier("teacherServiceImpl")
private TeacherService teacherService;
@Autowired
@Qualifier("tclassServiceImpl")
private TClassService tclassService;
@Override
@Transactional(transactionManager = "xatx", propagation = Propagation.REQUIRED, rollbackFor = { java.lang.RuntimeException.class })
public Map<String, Object> test01() {
LinkedHashMap<String,Object> resultMap=new LinkedHashMap<String,Object>();
TClass tClass=new TClass();
tClass.setName("8888");
tclassService.saveOrUpdateTClass(tClass);
Teacher teacher=new Teacher();
teacher.setName("8888");
teacherService.saveOrUpdateTeacher(teacher);
System.out.println(1/0);
resultMap.put("state","success");
resultMap.put("message","分布式事务同步成功");
return resultMap;
}
}

六、建立JtaTestContoller.java

建立JtaTestContoller.java,接受一个来自前端的http请求,触发JtaTestService 的test01方法

package com.zjt.web;
import com.zjt.service3.JtaTestService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody;
import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
import java.util.Map;
@Controller
@RequestMapping("/jtaTest")
public class JtaTestContoller {
@Autowired
@Qualifier("jtaTestServiceImpl")
private JtaTestService taTestService;
@ResponseBody
@RequestMapping("/test01")
public Map<String,Object> test01(){
LinkedHashMap<String,Object> resultMap=new LinkedHashMap<String,Object>();
try {
return taTestService.test01();
}catch (Exception e){
resultMap.put("state","fail");
resultMap.put("message","分布式事务同步失败");
return resultMap;
}
}
}

七、在test.ftl中增加一个按钮来测试

//分布式事务测试
$("#JTATest").click(function(){
$.ajax({
type: "POST",
url: "${basePath!}/jtaTest/test01",
data: {} ,
async: false,
error: function (request) {
layer.alert("与服务器连接失败/(ㄒoㄒ)/~~");
return false;
},
success: function (data) {
if (data.state == 'fail') {
layer.alert(data.message);
return false;
}else if(data.state == 'success'){
layer.alert(data.message);
}
}
});
});
<button class="layui-btn" id="JTATest">同时向班级和老师表插入名为8888的班级和老师</button>

八、启动服务,验证结果

点击这个按钮,跳转到controller:

当正常执行了sql语句之后,我们可以发现数据库并没有变化,因为整个方法的事务还没有走完,当我们走到1/0这步时:

抛出运行时异常,并被spring事务拦截器拦截,并捕获异常:

在​​this.completeTransactionAfterThrowing(txInfo, var16);​​方法中会将事务全部回滚:

22:09:04.243 logback [http-nio-8080-exec-5] INFO c.a.i.imp.CompositeTransactionImp - rollback() done of transaction 192.168.1.103.tm0000400006

此时,当我们再次打开数据库验证,依旧没有变化,证明分布式事务配置成功;

大家可以基于我的代码自己练习一下,自己尝试着使用多事务管理器的情况下的灵活配置;

到此这篇关于java SpringBoot 分布式事务的解决方案(JTA+Atomic+多数据源)的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关java SpringBoot 分布式事务 内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!

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