Spring Boot整合Thymeleaf详解
作者:不断前进的皮卡丘
Thymeleaf
基本介绍
Spring Boot 官方推荐使用 Thymeleaf 作为其模板引擎。SpringBoot 为 Thymeleaf 提供了一系列默认配置,并且为Thymeleaf提供了视图解析器。项目中一但导入了 Thymeleaf 的依赖,相对应的自动配置 (ThymeleafAutoConfiguration) 就会自动生效,因此 Thymeleaf 可以与 Spring Boot 完美整合 。Thymeleaf模板引擎可以和html标签完美结合,便于后端渲染数据。Thymeleaf支持静态效果和动态效果,在没有动态数据的时候,会展示静态效果模板引擎是为了使用户界面与业务数据(内容)分离而产生的,它可以生成特定格式的文档,用于网站的模板引擎就会生成一个标准的HTML文档就是将模板文件和数据通过模板引擎生成一个HTML代码**常见的模板引擎有:jsp、freemarker、velocity、thymeleafThymeleaf默认写的位置是在templates这个目录下面Thymeleaf官网:https://www.thymeleaf.org/
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency>
Thymeleaf默认的视图路径是:/ resources/templates,在这个目录下面创建html并引入thymeleaf
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymleaf.org">
xmlns:th=“http://www.thymleaf.org”>
基本语法
${域属性名}:获得request域中的域属性值并显示
${session.域属性名}: 获得session域中的域属性值并显示
< p th:text="${name}">aaa</p>
如果取得到数据的话,就会渲染成动态画面,否则就渲染成静态画面(只显示学生管理系统只显示学生管理系统这几个字)
th:text文本替换
<span th:text="${user.name}">Tom</span>
th:if和th:unless文本替换
使用th:if和th:unless属性进行条件判断,th:unlessth:unless刚好相反,只有表达式条件不成立才会显示内容
<h2 th:if="${age>=18}">成年</h2> <h2 th:unless="${age>=18}">未成年</h2>
th:each foreach循环
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymleaf.org"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .tb-stus{ width: 900px; margin: 0 auto; border: black 1px solid; border-collapse: collapse; } .tb-stus th,td{ padding: 10px; text-align: center; border:1px solid black; } </style> </head> <body> <h2 align="center">学生管理系统</h2> <table class="tb-stus"> <thead> <tr> <th>序号</th> <th>姓名</th> <th>年龄</th> <th>性别</th> <th>班级</th> <th>生日</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr th:each="stu:${stuList}"> <td>1</td> <td th:text="${stu.name}">aa</td> <td>22</td> <td>男</td> <td>计科1班</td> <td>2022-2-3</td> <td> <a href="#" rel="external nofollow" >删除</a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </body> </html>
th:href和@{}链接表达式
<!--http://localhost:8080/stu/10 --> <a th:href="${'/stus/'+ stu.id}" rel="external nofollow" >编辑学生1</a> <!--http://localhost:8080/stu?id=10 --> <a th:href="@{/stus(id=${stu.id})}" rel="external nofollow" >编辑学生2</a> <!--http://localhost:8080/stu?id=10&name=abc --> <a th:href="@{/stus(id=${stu.id},name=${stu.name})}" rel="external nofollow" >编辑学生3</a>
th:switch和th:case
<div th:switch="${stu.role}"> <h2 th:case="banzhang">班长</h2> <h2 th:case="tuanzhishu">团支书</h2> <h2 th:case="${data}">学委</h2> <h2 th:case="*">其他</h2> </div>
thymeleaf默认给变量名+Stat的状态
如果没有显示设置状态变量,thymeleaf会默认给一个变量名+Stat的状态
<tr th:each="stu: ${stus}"> <td th:text="${stuStat.index}"></td> <td th:text="${ stu.name}"></td> <td th:text="${ stu.age}"></td> </tr>
th:id、th:value、th:checked等(和form表单相关)
th:object可以定义对象属性
#dates.format()可以用来格式化日期格式
*{}可以和th:object配合使用,可以取出对象中的属性
<form th:object="${stu}"> 编号:<input type="text" name="id" th:value="*{id}"><br> 姓名:<input type="text" name="name" th:value="*{name}"><br> 年龄:<input type="text" name="age" th:value="*{age}"><br> 性别:<input type="radio" name="gender" value="true" th:checked="*{gender}">男<br> 性别:<input type="radio" name="gender" value="true" th:checked="*{not gender}">女<br> 生日:<input type="text" name="birth" th:value="*{#dates.format(birth,'yyyy-MM-dd')}"><br> <input type="submit" value="编辑"> </form>
整合Thymeleaf
基本配置
创建项目的时候,记得在模板引擎中勾选Thymeleaf
在pom.xml中把MySQL驱动的作用域删除
然后我们这里使用druid连接池,所以需要在pom文件导入相关依赖
<dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId> <version>1.2.11</version> </dependency>
然后我们需要在全局配置文件application.properties中进行相关配置
# 指定Mybatis的Mapper接口的xml映射文件的路径 mybatis.mapper-locations=classpath:mapper/*xml # MySQL数据库驱动 #这个驱动也可以省略,可以根据使用的MySQL自动加载相应的驱动 spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver # 数据源名称 spring.datasource.name=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource # 数据库连接地址 spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/school?serverTimezone=UTC&zeroDateTimeBehavior=convertToNull # 数据库用户名和密码 spring.datasource.username=root spring.datasource.password=a87684009. # 设置日志级别 logging.level.com.zyh.springboot=debug # 开启mybatis驼峰命名规则自动转换功能 mybatis.configuration.map-underscore-to-camel-case=true
数据库准备 准备好数据库中表所对应的实体类,以及三层结构
@Data public class Stu { private Integer id; private String name; private Integer age; private Boolean gender; private Integer cid; @DateTimeFormat(pattern = "yyyy-MM-dd") private Date birth; }
三层架构
Mapper
@Mapper public interface StuMapper { /** * 查询所有学生信息 * @return * @throws Exception */ @Select("select * from stu") List<Stu> queryAllStu() throws Exception; }
Service
public interface StuService { /** * 查询所有学生信息 * @return */ List<Stu> queryAllStu() throws Exception; }
Service的实现类
@Service public class StuServiceImpl implements StuService { @Autowired private StuMapper stuMapper; @Override public List<Stu> queryAllStu() throws Exception { return stuMapper.queryAllStu(); } }
thymeleaf
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymleaf.org"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h2>学生管理系统</h2> <h2 th:text="${name}">aaaa</h2> </body> </html>
Controller
@Controller @RequestMapping("/stu") public class StuController { @Autowired private StuService stuService; /** * 显示学生管理系统的画面 * @return */ @RequestMapping("/stusUi") public String stusUi(){ return "stus"; } }
然后我们先准备好页面
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .tb-stus{ width: 900px; margin: 0 auto; border: black 1px solid; border-collapse: collapse; } .tb-stus th,td{ padding: 10px; text-align: center; border:1px solid black; } </style> </head> <body> <h2 align="center">学生管理系统</h2> <table class="tb-stus"> <thead> <tr> <th>序号</th> <th>姓名</th> <th>年龄</th> <th>性别</th> <th>班级</th> <th>生日</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr th:each="stu,status: ${stuList}"> <td th:text="${status.index+1}">1</td> <td th:text="${stu.name}">aa</td> <td th:text="${stu.age}">22</td> <!-- gender的属性值为1表示性别为男--> <td th:if="${stu.gender}">男</td> <td th:unless="${stu.gender}">女</td> <td th:text="${stu.cid}">计科1班</td> <td th:text="${#dates.format(stu.birth,'yyyy-MM-dd')}">2022-2-3</td> <td> <!--http://localhost:8080/stu/delete?id=10--> <a th:href="@{/stu/delete(id=${stu.id})}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >删除</a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </body> </html>
当我们点击删除的时候,后端要根据前端传过来的id来从数据库中删除对应的数据。这里我们先按照我们之前学的时候,熟悉的方法来完成,到后面的时候,会详细讲前后端分离开发
删除操作
Controller(之前的方法这里没有粘贴出来,不然代码太多了)
@Controller @RequestMapping("/stu") public class StuController { @Autowired private StuService stuService; /**根据id删除数据 * http://localhost:8080/stu/delete?id=10 * @return */ @RequestMapping("/delete") public String deleteById(@RequestParam("id") Integer id){ try { stuService.deleteByid(id); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } System.out.println(id); return "redirect:/stu/stusUi"; } }
Service
public interface StuService { /** * 查询所有学生信息 * @return */ List<Stu> queryAllStu() throws Exception; void deleteByid(Integer id); }
Service实现类
@Service public class StuServiceImpl implements StuService { @Autowired private StuMapper stuMapper; @Override public List<Stu> queryAllStu() throws Exception { return stuMapper.queryAllStu(); } /** * 根据id删除数据 * @param id */ @Override public void deleteByid(Integer id) throws Exception { stuMapper.deleteById(id); } }
Mapper
@Mapper public interface StuMapper { /** * 查询所有学生信息 * @return * @throws Exception */ @Select("select * from stu") List<Stu> queryAllStu() throws Exception; @Delete("delete from stu where id=#{id}") void deleteById( Integer id); }
把编号为8的数据删除
编辑操作
页面stus.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .tb-stus{ width: 900px; margin: 0 auto; border: black 1px solid; border-collapse: collapse; } .tb-stus th,td{ padding: 10px; text-align: center; border:1px solid black; } </style> </head> <body> <h2 align="center">学生管理系统</h2> <table class="tb-stus"> <thead> <tr> <th>序号</th> <th>姓名</th> <th>年龄</th> <th>性别</th> <th>班级</th> <th>生日</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr th:each="stu,status: ${stuList}"> <td th:text="${stu.id}">1</td> <td th:text="${stu.name}">aa</td> <td th:text="${stu.age}">22</td> <!-- gender的属性值为1表示性别为男--> <td th:if="${stu.gender}">男</td> <td th:unless="${stu.gender}">女</td> <td th:text="${stu.cid}">计科1班</td> <td th:text="${#dates.format(stu.birth,'yyyy-MM-dd')}">2022-2-3</td> <td> <!-- localhost:8080/stu/delete/8--> <!-- <a th:href="${'/stu/delete/'+stu.id}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >删除</a>--> <!--http://localhost:8080/stu/delete?id=10--> <a th:href="@{/stu/delete(id=${stu.id})}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >删除</a> <a th:href="@{/stu/edit(id=${stu.id})}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >编辑</a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </body> </html>
页面 stu-edit.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>编辑画面</title> </head> <body> <h2 >编辑学生信息</h2> <form action="" method="post" th:object="${stu}"> 学号:<input type="text" name="id" th:value="*{id}" ><br><br> 姓名:<input type="text" name="name" th:value="*{name}"><br><br> 年龄:<input type="text" name="age" th:value="*{age}"><br><br> 性别:<input type="radio" name="gender" th:checked="*{gender}" >男 <input type="radio" name="gender" th:checked="*{!gender}" >女<br><br> 班级:<input type="text" name="cid" th:value="*{cid}"><br><br> 生日:<input type="text" name="birth" th:value="*{#dates.format(birth,'yyyy-MM-dd')}"><br><br> <input type="submit" value="编辑"> </form> </body> </html>
Controller
/** * 根据id来修改数据 * 我们首先得先根据id把数据查询出来,然后把数据展示出来 * 用户再进行编辑,用户编辑完并且提交以后,跳转到学生管理系统画面,展示所有数据 * @return */ @RequestMapping("/edit") public String edit(@RequestParam("id") Integer id,Model model){ System.out.println("id"+id); try { Stu stu=stuService.queryById(id); model.addAttribute("stu",stu); } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return "stu-edit"; }
Service
public interface StuService { /** * 查询所有学生信息 * @return */ List<Stu> queryAllStu() throws Exception; /** * 根据id来删除学生信息 * @param id * @throws Exception */ void deleteByid(Integer id) throws Exception; /** * 根据id来查询对应学生信息 * @param id * @return * @throws Exception */ Stu queryById(Integer id) throws Exception; }
Service实现类
@Service public class StuServiceImpl implements StuService { @Autowired private StuMapper stuMapper; @Override public List<Stu> queryAllStu() throws Exception { return stuMapper.queryAllStu(); } /** * 根据id删除数据 * @param id */ @Override public void deleteByid(Integer id) throws Exception { stuMapper.deleteById(id); } @Override public Stu queryById(Integer id) throws Exception { return stuMapper.queryById(id); } }
Mapper
@Mapper public interface StuMapper { /** * 查询所有学生信息 * @return * @throws Exception */ @Select("select * from stu") List<Stu> queryAllStu() throws Exception; @Delete("delete from stu where id=#{id}") void deleteById( Integer id); @Select("select * from stu where id=#{id}") Stu queryById(Integer id) throws Exception; }
比如在序号为4中,点击编辑
用户登录
登录页面:
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h2>用户登录</h2> <form action="/login" method="post"> 账号:<input type="text" name="username"><br><br> 密码:<input type="password" name="password"><br><br> <input type="submit" value="登录"> </form> </body> </html>
因为需要判断用户是否存在,这是从数据库进行查询的,所以要准备对应的管理员表
# 创建管理员表 CREATE TABLE admin( id INT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT, username VARCHAR(20), `password` VARCHAR(20) ); INSERT INTO admin VALUES (DEFAULT,'aaa',111), (DEFAULT,'bbb',222), (DEFAULT,'ccc',333); # 查询测试 SELECT * FROM admin;
准备对应的实体类
@Data public class Admin { private String username; private String password; }
Controller
@Controller @SessionAttributes(names = {"admin"}) public class AdminController { @Autowired private AdminService adminService; /** * 显示登录页面 * @return */ @RequestMapping(value = "/loginUi") public String loginUi(){ return "login"; } @RequestMapping(value = "/login",method = RequestMethod.POST) public String login(String username, String password, Model model){ try { Admin admin = adminService.login(username, password); //用户名存在说明登录成功 if (admin!=null){ //存放到session域中 model.addAttribute("admin",admin); return "redirect:/stu/stusUi"; } } catch (Exception e) { e.printStackTrace(); } return "redirect:/loginUi"; } }
Service
public interface AdminService { Admin login(String username,String password) throws Exception; }
Service对应的实现类
@Service public class AdminServiceImpl implements AdminService { @Autowired private AdminMapper adminMapper; @Override public Admin login(String username, String password) throws Exception { return adminMapper.queryByUsernameAndPassword(username,password); } }
Mapper
@Mapper public interface AdminMapper { @Select("select * from admin where username=#{username} and password=#{password}") Admin queryByUsernameAndPassword(@Param("username") String username, @Param("password") String password); }
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Title</title> <style> .tb-stus{ width: 900px; margin: 0 auto; border: black 1px solid; border-collapse: collapse; } .tb-stus th,td{ padding: 10px; text-align: center; border:1px solid black; } </style> </head> <body> <h2 align="center">学生管理系统</h2> <h2 th:if="${session.admin!=null}" th:text="${session.admin.username}">用户名</h2> <a th:unless="${session.admin!=null}" href="/loginUi" rel="external nofollow" >登录</a> <a th:if="${session.admin!=null}" href="/logout" rel="external nofollow" >注销用户</a> <table class="tb-stus"> <thead> <tr> <th>序号</th> <th>姓名</th> <th>年龄</th> <th>性别</th> <th>班级</th> <th>生日</th> <th>操作</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr th:each="stu,status: ${stuList}"> <td th:text="${stu.id}">1</td> <td th:text="${stu.name}">aa</td> <td th:text="${stu.age}">22</td> <!-- gender的属性值为1表示性别为男--> <td th:if="${stu.gender}">男</td> <td th:unless="${stu.gender}">女</td> <td th:text="${stu.cid}">计科1班</td> <td th:text="${#dates.format(stu.birth,'yyyy-MM-dd')}">2022-2-3</td> <td> <!-- localhost:8080/stu/delete/8--> <!-- <a th:href="${'/stu/delete/'+stu.id}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >删除</a>--> <!--http://localhost:8080/stu/delete?id=10--> <a th:href="@{/stu/delete(id=${stu.id})}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >删除</a> <a th:href="@{/stu/edit(id=${stu.id})}" rel="external nofollow" rel="external nofollow" >编辑</a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </body> </html>
用户注销
注销的话,我们把session域中的用户对象取消,然后这个时候就得重新登录,应该要跳转到登录画面
@RequestMapping("/logout") public String logout(HttpSession session){ session.removeAttribute("admin"); return "redirect:/loginUi"; }
点击注销用户
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