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Spring Boot整合持久层之JPA多数据源

作者:一只小熊猫呀

JPA(Java Persistence API)Java 持久化 API,是 Java 持久化的标准规范,Hibernate 是持久化规范的技术实现,而 Spring Data JPA 是在 Hibernate 基础上封装的一款框架

JPA 多数据源

JPA 和 MyBatis 配置多数据源类似,不同的是,JPA 配置时主要提供不同的 LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean 以及事务管理器。

项目目录结构如下:

准备工作

创建 Spring Boot Web 项目,添加如下依赖:

<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
  <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
  <artifactId>druid-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
  <version>1.1.10</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
  <groupId>mysql</groupId>
  <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
  <scope>runtime</scope>
</dependency>

application.properties 配置

注意:这里的配置与配置单独的 JPA 有区别,因为在后文的配置中要从 JpaProperties 中的 getProperties 方法中获取所有的 JPA 相关配置,因此这里的属性前缀都是 spring.jpa.properties。

server.port=8081
# 数据源1
spring.datasource.one.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.datasource.one.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/chapter05-1
spring.datasource.one.username=root
spring.datasource.one.password=root
# 数据源2
spring.datasource.two.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
spring.datasource.two.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/chapter05-2
spring.datasource.two.username=root
spring.datasource.two.password=root
# JPA 配置
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL57InnoDBDialect
spring.jpa.properties.database=mysql
spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto=update
spring.jpa.properties.show-sql= true

数据源配置 DataSourceConfig

@Configuration
public class DataSourceConfig {
    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.one")
    @Primary
    DataSource dsOne() {
        return DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }
    @Bean
    @ConfigurationProperties("spring.datasource.two")
    DataSource dsTwo() {
        return DruidDataSourceBuilder.create().build();
    }
}

实体类 User

@Entity(name = "t_user")
public class User {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private String gender;
    private Integer age;
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
    public Integer getId() {
        return id;
    }
    public void setId(Integer id) {
        this.id = id;
    }
    public String getName() {
        return name;
    }
    public void setName(String name) {
        this.name = name;
    }
    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }
    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }
    public Integer getAge() {
        return age;
    }
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        this.age = age;
    }
}

创建 JPA 配置

接下来是核心配置,根据两个配置好的数据源创建两个不同的 JPA 配置

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.sang.dao1",
        entityManagerFactoryRef = "entityManagerFactoryBeanOne",
        transactionManagerRef = "platformTransactionManagerOne")
public class JpaConfigOne {
    @Resource(name = "dsOne")
    DataSource dsOne;
    @Autowired
    JpaProperties jpaProperties;
    @Bean
    @Primary
    LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBeanOne(
            EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {
        return builder.dataSource(dsOne)
                .properties(jpaProperties.getProperties())
                .packages("com.sang.model")
                .persistenceUnit("pu1")
                .build();
    }
    @Bean
    PlatformTransactionManager platformTransactionManagerOne(
            EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {
        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean factoryOne = entityManagerFactoryBeanOne(builder);
        return new JpaTransactionManager(factoryOne.getObject());
    }
}

代码解释:

以下是第二个 JPA 配置

注意:LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean 实例不需要添加 @Primary 注解

@Configuration
@EnableTransactionManagement
@EnableJpaRepositories(basePackages = "com.sang.dao2",
entityManagerFactoryRef = "entityManagerFactoryBeanTwo",
transactionManagerRef = "platformTransactionManagerTwo")
public class JpaConfigTwo {
    @Resource(name = "dsTwo")
    DataSource dsTwo;
    @Autowired
    JpaProperties jpaProperties;
    @Bean
    LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean entityManagerFactoryBeanTwo(
            EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {
        return builder.dataSource(dsTwo)
                .properties(jpaProperties.getProperties())
                .packages("com.sang.model")
                .persistenceUnit("pu2")
                .build();
    }
    @Bean
    PlatformTransactionManager platformTransactionManagerTwo(
            EntityManagerFactoryBuilder builder) {
        LocalContainerEntityManagerFactoryBean factoryTwo = entityManagerFactoryBeanTwo(builder);
        return new JpaTransactionManager(factoryTwo.getObject());
    }
}

创建 Repository

分别在 com.sang.dao1 和 com.sang.dao2 包下创建两个 Repository

UserDao

public interface UserDao extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {
}

UserDao2

public interface UserDao2 extends JpaRepository<User,Integer> {
}

创建 Controller

简便起见,这里省略掉 Service 层,将 UserDao 直接注入 Controller 中

@RestController
public class UserController {
    @Autowired
    UserDao userDao;
    @Autowired
    UserDao2 userDao2;
    @GetMapping("/test1")
    public void test1() {
        User u1 = new User();
        u1.setAge(55);
        u1.setName("鲁迅");
        u1.setGender("男");
        userDao.save(u1);
        User u2 = new User();
        u2.setAge(80);
        u2.setName("泰戈尔");
        u2.setGender("男");
        userDao2.save(u2);
    }
}

http://localhost:8081/test1,查看数据库,即可看到数据库中的表和数据都已经存在了,如下

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