Docker快速搭建PHP+Nginx+Mysql环境及踩坑
作者：1个俗人
准备
创建目录
mkdir -p /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/phpProgram && mkdir -p /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/php/php7.1.33/conf && mkdir -p /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/php/php7.1.33/logs && mkdir -p /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/nginx/conf.d && mkdir -p /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/mysql/conf && mkdir -p /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/mysql/logs && mkdir -p /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/mysql/data && cd /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/nginx/conf.d && sudo touch default.conf
配置PHP
拉取php-fpm镜像
docker pull php:7.1.33-fpm #版本7.1.33
启动php-fpm
docker run --name mwq-php \ -v /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/phpProgram:/var/www/html \ -v /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/php/php7.1.33/conf:/usr/local/etc/php \ -v /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/php/php7.1.33/logs:/phplogs \ -d --link mwq-php php:7.1.33-fpm
--name mwq-php是容器的名字
/Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/phpProgram是本地项目目录，/var/www/html是容器内项目存储目录
配置Nginx
拉取Nginx镜像
docker pull nginx:latest //拉取最新版本
配置nginx.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
set $root /var/www/html/localhost;
#access_log /tmp/nginx/logs/localhost.net.access.log main;
#error_log /tmp/nginx/logs/localhost.net.error.log notice;
location ~ .*.(gif|jpg|jpeg|bmp|png|ico|txt|js|css)$ {
root $root;
}
location / {
root $root;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
if ( -f $request_filename) {
break;
}
if (!-e $request_filename) {
rewrite ^(.*)$ /index.php/$1 last;
break;
}
}
location ~ .php(.*)$ {
root $root;
set $script $uri;
set $path_info "";
if ($uri ~ "^(.+.php)(/.+)") {
set $script $1;
set $path_info $2;
}
fastcgi_pass mwq-php:9000;
#fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_index index.php?IF_REWRITE=1;
fastcgi_param PATH_INFO $path_info;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_NAME $script;
include fastcgi_params;
}
location ~ /.ht {
deny all;
}
location ~ /.svn {
deny all;
}
location ~ /.git/ {
deny all;
}
location ~ /Logs/ {
deny all;
}
location ~ /Logs/.* {
}
location ~ /Logs/.* {
deny all;
}
location ~ .*.(sql|tar.gz|zip|gz|tar|rariso|rpm|apk|bak)$ {
deny all;
}
}
启动Nginx
docker run --name mwq-nginx -p 80:80 -d \ -v /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/phpProgram:/var/www/html:ro \ -v /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d:ro \ --link mwq-php:php \ nginx
配置MySQL
拉取MySQL镜像
docker pull mysql:5.7.36 #版本5.7.36
启动MySQL
docker run -p 3306:3306 --name mwq-mysql \ -v /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql/conf.d \ -v /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/mysql/logs:/logs \ -v /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/mysql/data:/mysql_data \ -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456 -d mysql:5.7.36
- -p 3306:3306： 将容器的3306端口映射到主机的3306端口
- -v /Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/mysql/conf:/etc/mysql ： 将主机/Users/mwqnice/Documents/Program/docker/mysql/conf目录挂载到容器的/etc/mysql
- -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=123456： 初始化root用户的密码
- -d: 后台运行容器，并返回容器ID
常见问题
1、thinkphp报错 Undefined class constant 'MYSQL_ATTR_INIT_COMMAND'
缺少pdo_mysql扩展，连接数据库失败
找到php.ini,docker中在/usr/local/etc/php中，复制一份php.ini，增加extension=pdo_mysql.so,重启php-fpm，如果还是不行，访问phpinfo页面，查看是否有pdo_mysql
如果没有，说明没有pdo_mysql扩展，需要编译
编译方法如下：
到docker的php容器中，在php文件夹下：
docker-php-ext-install pdo pdo_mysql
如果报 /usr/local/bin/docker-php-ext-enable: cannot create /usr/local/etc/php/conf.d/docker-php-ext-pdo_mysql.ini: Directory nonexistent
解决方案：直接在/usr/local/etc/php目录下面新建 conf.d目录和对应的docker-php-ext-pdo_msql.ini文件
其中docker-php-ext-pdo_msql.ini的内容为：
extension=pdo_mysql.so
2、thinkphp 报错 STORAGE_WRITE_ERROR:./Application/Runtime/Cache/Home/4e64ea6a2012f26b832b14cbc2152b28.php
是因为服务器缓存文件夹的操作权限不够，即Runtime没有权限，把缓存文件全部删除，再给Runtime777权限就行了
sudo chmod 777 Runtime 或者直接对代码库最外层设置777权限
3、thinkphp验证码图片显示不出来
缺少gd扩展，安装：
docker-php-ext-install gd
可能以下报错：
If configure fails try --with-webp-dir=<DIR>
If configure fails try --with-jpeg-dir=<DIR>
configure: error: png.h not found.
安装：
apt-get install libpng-dev libjpeg-dev
再次执行：
// 增加freetype配置 docker-php-ext-configure gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-freetype-dir=/usr/include/freetype2 --with-png-dir=/usr/include --with-jpeg-dir=/usr/include // 安装 docker-php-ext-install gd
php.ini增加php_gd2.so
phpinfo中显示gd库
注意如果phpinfo的gd库中没有freetype的支持，验证码依然显示不出来, 会报错：
Call to undefined function Think\imagettftext()
如果gd库中没有freeType，则按照以下步骤进行：
docker-php-ext-configure gd --enable-gd-native-ttf --with-freetype-dir=/usr/include/freetype2 --with-png-dir=/usr/include
重新编译：
docker-php-ext-install gd
如果报错： configure: error: freetype-config not found. 运行：
apt-get -y install libfreetype6-dev
然后再继续运行上面的命令。gd库中有了freetype，则验证码显示正常了
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