Springboot+redis+Vue实现秒杀的项目实践
作者:Atlantide
1、Redis简介
Redis是一个开源的key-value存储系统。
Redis的五种基本类型:String(字符串),list(链表),set(集合),zset(有序集合),hash,stream(Redis5.0后的新数据结构)
这些数据类型都支持push/pop、add/remove及取交集并集和差集及更丰富的操作,而且这些操作都是原子性的。
Redis的应用场景为配合关系型数据库做高速缓存,降低数据库IO
需要注意的是,Redis是单线程的,如果一次批量处理命令过多,会造成Redis阻塞或网络拥塞(传输数据量大)
2、实现代码
pom.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>org.example</groupId> <artifactId>seckill</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.springframework.boot/spring-boot-starter-test --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId> <version>2.2.1.RELEASE</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <!-- redis --> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-redis</artifactId> </dependency> <!-- spring2.X集成redis所需common-pool2--> <dependency> <groupId>org.apache.commons</groupId> <artifactId>commons-pool2</artifactId> <version>2.6.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId> <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId> <version>1.2.24</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> <configuration> <fork>true</fork> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
application.properties.xml
#Redis服务器地址 spring.redis.host=192.168.1.2 #Redis服务器连接端口 spring.redis.port=6379 #Redis数据库索引(默认为0) spring.redis.database=0 #连接超时时间(毫秒) spring.redis.timeout=1800000 #连接池最大连接数(使用负值表示没有限制) spring.redis.lettuce.pool.max-active=20 #最大阻塞等待时间(负数表示没限制) spring.redis.lettuce.pool.max-wait=-1 #连接池中的最大空闲连接 spring.redis.lettuce.pool.max-idle=5 #连接池中的最小空闲连接 spring.redis.lettuce.pool.min-idle=0 # 关闭超时时间 #pring.redis.lettuce.shutdown-timeout=100 #配置spring启动端口号 server.port=8080
前端界面
seckillpage.html
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:v-on="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xmlns:v-bind="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>redis秒杀</title> </head> <body> <!-- 开发环境版本,包含了有帮助的命令行警告 --> <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/vue/dist/vue.js"></script> <!-- 官网提供的 axios 在线地址 --> <script src="https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/axios/0.20.0-0/axios.min.js"></script> <div id="app"> <h1>商品1元秒杀</h1> <!-- 左箭头 --> <input type="button" value="<" v-on:click="prov" v-show="this.index>-1"/> <img v-bind:src="imgArr[index]" width="200px" /> <!-- 右箭头 --> <input type="button" value=">" v-on:click="next" v-show="this.index<2"/><br> <input type="button" v-on:click="seckill" value="秒 杀"/> </div> <script> var app = new Vue({ el: "#app", data: { productId: "01234", imgArr:[ "/image/phone1.png", "/image/phone2.png", "/image/phone3.png", ], index:0 }, methods: { seckill: function () { let param = new URLSearchParams() param.append('productId', this.productId) param.append('index', this.index) axios({ method: 'post', url: 'http://192.168.1.6:8080/index/doSeckill', data: param }).then(function (response) { if (response.data == true) { alert("秒杀成功"); } else { alert("抢光了"); } }, function(error){ alert("发生错误"); }); }, prov:function(){ this.index--; }, next:function(){ this.index++; } } }); </script> </body> </html>
相关配置类
Redis配置类
RedisConfig.java
package com.springboot_redis_seckill.config; import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.JsonAutoDetect; import com.fasterxml.jackson.annotation.PropertyAccessor; import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper; import org.springframework.cache.CacheManager; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.CachingConfigurerSupport; import org.springframework.cache.annotation.EnableCaching; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheConfiguration; import org.springframework.data.redis.cache.RedisCacheManager; import org.springframework.data.redis.connection.RedisConnectionFactory; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate; import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer; import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializationContext; import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.RedisSerializer; import org.springframework.data.redis.serializer.StringRedisSerializer; import java.time.Duration; /** * @author WuL2 * @create 2021-05-27 14:26 * @desc **/ @EnableCaching @Configuration public class RedisConfig extends CachingConfigurerSupport { @Bean public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory factory) { RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>(); RedisSerializer<String> redisSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer(); Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class); ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper(); om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY); om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL); jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om); template.setConnectionFactory(factory); template.setKeySerializer(redisSerializer); //key序列化方式 template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer); //value序列化 template.setHashValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer); //value hashmap序列化 return template; } @Bean(name = "cacheManager") public CacheManager cacheManager(RedisConnectionFactory factory) { RedisSerializer<String> redisSerializer = new StringRedisSerializer(); Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class); //解决查询缓存转换异常的问题 ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper(); om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY); om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL); jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om); // 配置序列化(解决乱码的问题),过期时间600秒 RedisCacheConfiguration config = RedisCacheConfiguration.defaultCacheConfig() .entryTtl(Duration.ofSeconds(600)) .serializeKeysWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(redisSerializer)) .serializeValuesWith(RedisSerializationContext.SerializationPair.fromSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer)) .disableCachingNullValues(); RedisCacheManager cacheManager = RedisCacheManager.builder(factory) .cacheDefaults(config) .build(); return cacheManager; } }
配置Vue获取后端接口数据时出现的跨域请求问题。
CorsConfig.java
package com.springboot_redis_seckill.config; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.web.cors.CorsConfiguration; import org.springframework.web.cors.UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource; import org.springframework.web.filter.CorsFilter; /** * @author: wu linchun * @time: 2021/5/28 22:22 * @description: 解决跨域问题(接口是http,而axios一般请求的是https。从https到http是跨域,因此要配置跨域请求) */ @Configuration public class CorsConfig { private CorsConfiguration buildConfig() { CorsConfiguration corsConfiguration = new CorsConfiguration(); corsConfiguration.addAllowedOrigin("*"); //允许任何域名 corsConfiguration.addAllowedHeader("*"); //允许任何头 corsConfiguration.addAllowedMethod("*"); //允许任何方法 return corsConfiguration; } @Bean public CorsFilter corsFilter() { UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource source = new UrlBasedCorsConfigurationSource(); source.registerCorsConfiguration("/**", buildConfig()); //注册 return new CorsFilter(source); } }
服务层
SecKillService.java
package com.springboot_redis_seckill.service; public interface SecKillService { public boolean doSecKill(String uid,String productId); }
SecKillServiceImpl.java
package com.springboot_redis_seckill.service.impl; import com.springboot_redis_seckill.service.SecKillService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; import org.springframework.data.redis.core.RedisTemplate; import org.springframework.stereotype.Service; /** * @author WuL2 * @create 2021-05-27 14:53 * @desc **/ @Service public class SecKillServiceImpl implements SecKillService { @Autowired @Qualifier("redisTemplate") private RedisTemplate redisTemplate; @Override public synchronized boolean doSecKill(String uid, String productId) { //1、uid和productId非空判断 if (uid == null || productId == null) { return false; } //2、拼接key String kcKey = "sk:" + productId + ":qt"; //库存 String userKey = "sk:" + productId + ":user"; //秒杀成功的用户 //3、获取库存 String kc = String.valueOf(redisTemplate.opsForValue().get(kcKey)) ; if (kc == null) { System.out.println("秒杀还没有开始,请等待"); return false; } //4、判断用户是否已经秒杀成功过了 if (redisTemplate.opsForSet().isMember(userKey, uid)) { System.out.println("已秒杀成功,不能重复秒杀"); return false; } //5、如果库存数量小于1,秒杀结束 if (Integer.parseInt(kc) <=0) { System.out.println("秒杀结束"); return false; } //6、秒杀过程 redisTemplate.opsForValue().decrement(kcKey); //库存数量减1 redisTemplate.opsForSet().add(userKey, uid); System.out.println("秒杀成功。。。"); return true; } }
控制层
package com.springboot_redis_seckill.controller; import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject; import com.springboot_redis_seckill.service.SecKillService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier; import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod; import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.ResponseBody; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; import java.io.PrintWriter; import java.util.Random; /** * @author WuL2 * @create 2021-05-27 14:28 * @desc **/ @Controller @RequestMapping("/index") public class MyController { @Autowired @Qualifier("secKillServiceImpl") private SecKillService secKillService; @RequestMapping(value = {"/seckillpage"}, method = RequestMethod.GET) public String seckillpage() { return "/html/seckillpage.html"; } @RequestMapping(value = {"/doSeckill"}, method = RequestMethod.POST) @ResponseBody //自动返回json格式的数据 public Object doSeckill(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) { System.out.println("doSeckill"); String productId = request.getParameter("productId"); String index = request.getParameter("index"); System.out.println(productId+index); //拼接成为商品ID int id = new Random().nextInt(50000); //使用随机数生成用户ID String uid = String.valueOf(id) + " "; boolean flag = secKillService.doSecKill(uid, productId+index); System.out.println(flag); return flag; } }
启动类
RunApplication.java
package com.springboot_redis_seckill; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; /** * @author WuL2 * @create 2021-05-27 14:32 * @desc **/ @SpringBootApplication public class RunApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(RunApplication.class, args); } }
3、启动步骤
因为一共有三件商品要秒杀,所以在redis里面设置三个商品的库存数量。这里数量都设置为10。
127.0.0.1:6379> set sk:012340:qt 10 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> set sk:012341:qt 10 OK 127.0.0.1:6379> set sk:012342:qt 10 OK
要确保redis能够被访问,要确保关闭linux的防火墙,以及关闭redis的保护模式。
vim redis.conf --打开redis配置 service iptables stop --关闭防火墙 //关闭redis保护模式 redis-cli --进入redis客户端 config set protected-mode "no" --配置里面关闭redis保护模式(只是进入redis.conf把protected-mode变为no是不行的,还要加一句config set protected-mode "no"
启动springboot项目
秒杀成功后,该商品在redis中的数量就减1。
当数量减为0时,则提示“抢光了”。
4、使用ab进行并发测试
如果是centOS 6版本的linux都是默认按照了ab工具的。
如果没有安装ab工具,可在linux终端用命令联网下载安装。
yum install httpd-tools
安装完成后,就可以使用ab工具进行并发测试了。
在linux终端输入如下命令:
ab -n 2000 -c 200 -p '/root/Desktop/post.txt' -T 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' 'http://192.168.1.6:8080/index/doSeckill/'
012341这个商品库存变为0了
5、线程安全
为了防止出现“超买”的现象,需要让操作redis的方法是线程安全的(即在方法上加上一个“悲观锁”synchronized)。
如果不加synchronized就会出现“超买”现象,即redis库存会出现负数
之所以产生这种现象是由于并发导致多个用户同时调用了doSecKill()方法,多个用户同时修改了redis中的sk:012342:qt的值,但暂时都没有提交存入到redis中去。等到后来一起提交,导致了sk:012342:qt的值被修改了多次,因此会出现负数。
因此在doSecKill()方法加上悲观锁,用户调用该方法就对该方法加锁,修改了sk:012342:qt的值后并提交存入redis中之后,才会释放锁。其他用户才能得到锁并操作该方法。
6、总结
redis作为一种Nosql的非关系型数据库,因为其单实例,简单高效的特性通常会被作为其他关系型数据库的高速缓存。尤其是在秒杀这样的高并发操作。先将要秒杀的商品信息从数据库读入到redis中,秒杀的过程实际上是在与redis进行交互。等秒杀完成后再将秒杀的结果存入数据库。可以有效降低降低数据库IO,防止数据库宕机。
7、参考资料
https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1Rv41177Af?p=27
https://www.cnblogs.com/taiyonghai/p/5810150.html
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