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C#中AutoResetEvent控制线程用法小结

作者:返回主页大漠孤烟直,长河落日圆

本文主要来自一道面试题,由于之前对AutoResetEvent的概念比较模糊,面试题题目很简洁:两个线程交替打印0~100的奇偶数,你可以先动手试试,我主要是尝试在一个方法里面完成这个任务,需要的朋友可以参考下

本文主要来自一道面试题,由于之前对AutoResetEvent的概念比较模糊(即使已经使用过了)。面试题题目很简洁:两个线程交替打印0~100的奇偶数。你可以先动手试试,我主要是尝试在一个方法里面完成这个任务。

注: Suspend,Resume来控制线程已经在.net framework2.0被淘汰了,原因就是挂起之后,但因为异常而没有及时恢复,如果占用资源会导致死锁。

AutoResetEvent主要方法及实践

有了上面的解释,开始展示代码(经过多次优化)

 //若要将初始状态设置为终止,则为 true;若要将初始状态设置为非终止,则为 false
        static AutoResetEvent oddResetEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
        static AutoResetEvent evenResetEvent = new AutoResetEvent(false);
        static int i = 0;
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            //ThreadStart是个委托
            Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(show));
            thread1.Name = "偶数线程";
            Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(show));
            thread2.Name = "奇数线程";
            thread1.Start();
           Thread.Sleep(2); //保证偶数线程先运行。
            thread2.Start();
            Console.Read();

        }
        public static void show()
        {
             while (i <= 100)
            {
                int num = i % 2;
                if (num == 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1} {2}  ", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, i++, "evenResetEvent");
                    if(i!=1) evenResetEvent.Set(); 
                    oddResetEvent.WaitOne(); //当前线程阻塞
                   
                }
               else
                {  
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1} {2} ", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, i++, "oddResetEvent");
                    //如果此时AutoResetEvent 为非终止状态,则线程会被阻止,并等待当前控制资源的线程通过调用 Set 来通知资源可用。否则不会被阻止
                     oddResetEvent.Set();
                    evenResetEvent.WaitOne();
                }
            }
        }

结果如下图所示:

注意点:
不要有一点点点点多余的evenResetEvent.Set(),他会让后续的 evenResetEvent.WaitOne();失效.

第二种方法Semaphore

此外,我们利用信号量也可以实现,信号量是一种内核模式锁,对性能要求比较高,特殊情况下才考虑使用,而且要避免在内核模式和用户模式下频繁相互切换线程。代码如下:

 private static readonly int MaxSize = 1;
        private static int i = 0;
        static Semaphore oddSemaphore = new Semaphore(0, MaxSize);
        static Semaphore evenSemaphore = new Semaphore(0, MaxSize);

        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch stopwatch = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
            stopwatch.Start();
            //ThreadStart是个委托
            Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(show));
            thread1.Name = "偶数线程";
            Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ThreadStart(show));
            thread2.Name = "奇数线程";
            thread1.Start();
            thread2.Start();
            thread1.Join();
            stopwatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine(stopwatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
            Console.Read();
        }

        private static void show()
        {
            if(i==1) evenSemaphore.WaitOne();
            while (i <= 100)
            {
                int num = i % 2;
                if (num == 0)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}  {2}    ", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, i++, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                    evenSemaphore.Release();
                    oddSemaphore.WaitOne(); //当前线程阻塞
                }
                else
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}  {2}    ", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, i++, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                    //释放一个偶数信号空位出来;
                    oddSemaphore.Release();
                    evenSemaphore.WaitOne(); //当前线程阻塞
                    //此时已经消耗了一个奇数信号空位
                }
            }
        }

第三种方法,约定每个线程只干自己的事

这种方法利用线程池本身就是队列的方式,即先进先出。测试之后发现性能有下降,但是还是贴出来供参考。

      static int threadCount = 2;
        static int count = 0;
        static object cursorLock = new object();
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch stopwatch = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
            stopwatch.Start();
            Task[] arr = new Task[2];
            for (int threadIndex = 0; threadIndex < threadCount; threadIndex++)
            {
                //这两种方法都可以
                arr[threadIndex] = Task.Factory.StartNew(PrintNum, threadIndex);
            }
            Task.WaitAll(arr);
            stopwatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine(stopwatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
            Console.Read();
        }


        private static void PrintNum(object num)
        {
            bool isOk = false;
            while (!isOk)
            {
                lock (cursorLock)
                {
                    int index = count % 2;
                    if (count>100)
                    {
                        isOk = true;
                    }
                    else if (index == (int)num)
                    {
                        if (index == 0) Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1} {2} ", "偶数线程", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, count++);
                        else Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1} {2} ", "奇数线程", Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId, count++);
                    }
                }
            }
        }

结果如下:

第四种方法 Mutex

        private static int i = 0;
        static Mutex mutex = new Mutex();
     
        static void Main(string[] args)
        {
            System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch stopwatch = new System.Diagnostics.Stopwatch();
            stopwatch.Start();
            //ThreadStart是个委托
            Thread thread1 = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(show));
            thread1.Name = "偶数线程";
            Thread thread2 = new Thread(new ParameterizedThreadStart(show));
            thread2.Name = "奇数线程";
            thread1.Start(0);
            thread2.Start(1);
            thread2.Join();
            stopwatch.Stop();
            Console.WriteLine(stopwatch.Elapsed.TotalMilliseconds);
            Console.Read();
        }
        /// <summary>
        /// Mutex的释放与锁定 都只能在同一个线程中执行
        /// </summary>
        private static void show(object index)
        {
            while (i <= 100)
            {
                mutex.WaitOne();
                int num = i % 2;
                if (num == (int)index&&i<=100)
                {
                    Console.WriteLine("{0}:{1}  {2}  ", Thread.CurrentThread.Name, i++, Thread.CurrentThread.ManagedThreadId);
                }
                mutex.ReleaseMutex();
            }
           
        }

有关概念资料

https://www.jb51.net/article/180789.htm

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