SpringBoot yaml语法与数据读取操作详解

2022-07-18 10:01:57 作者：不会压弯的小飞侠

YAML 是 “YAML Ain’t Markup Language”（YAML 不是一种标记语言）的递归缩写。在开发的这种语言时，YAML 的意思其实是：“Yet Another Markup Language”（仍是一种标记语言），本文给大家介绍的非常详细，需要的朋友可以参考下

yaml

YAML是一种数据序列化格式。

yaml扩展名

.yaml
.yml（主流）

yaml语法规则

大小写敏感
属性层次关系使用多行描述，每行结尾使用冒号结束
使用缩进表示层级关系，同层左侧对齐，只允许使用空格(不允许使用Tab键)
属性值前面添加空格(属性名与属性值之间使用冒号+空格作为分隔)
#表示注释

字面值表示方式：

boolean: true
float: 3.14
int: 15
#表示空
null: ~
string: xiaofeixia
date: 2022-7-9
#日期与时间用T连接
datetime: 2022-7-9T12:00:30+02:00

数组表示方式：

likes:
- music
- draw
- game

likes1: [music,draw,game]

对象数组格式：

user2:
- name: xiaofeixia
age: 22
- name: xiaomage
age: 26

user3:
-
name: xiaofeixia
age: 22
-
name: xiaomage
age: 27

对象数组缩略格式：

user4: [{name:xiaofeixia,age:21},{name:xiaofeixia,age:22}]

读取yaml数据

使用@Value读取单个数据，属性名引用方式：${一级属性名.二级属性名}

编写yaml文件

server:
port: 81
country: china
province: henan
city: zhengzhou
area: shangqiu

party: true
birthday: 2022-11-11

user8:
name: xiaofeixia
age: 22
user1:
name: xiaofeixia
age: 22

a:
B:
C:
d:
e: abc

likes:
- music
- draw
- game

likes1: [music,draw,game]

user2:
- name: xiaofeixia
age: 22
- name: xiaomage
age: 26

user3:
-
name: xiaofeixia
age: 22
-
name: xiaomage
age: 27

user4: [{name:xiaofeixia,age:21},{name:xiaofeixia,age:22}]

读取单一数据

package com.jkj.controller;
import com.jkj.MyDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/yamlBooks")
public class BookController {
    //读取yaml数据中的单一数据
    @Value("${country}")
    public String country1;
    @GetMapping
    public String ById(){
        System.out.println("springboot is running...");
        System.out.println("country=="+country1);  //country==china      
        return "springboot is running...";
    }
}

读取二级数据

package com.jkj.controller;
import com.jkj.MyDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/yamlBooks")
public class BookController {
    @Value("${user8.name}")
    public String username;
    @GetMapping
    public String ById(){
        System.out.println("springboot is running...");       
        System.out.println("username=="+username);         //username==xiaofeixia            
        return "springboot is running...";
    }
}

读取数组数据

package com.jkj.controller;
import com.jkj.MyDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/yamlBooks")
public class BookController {
 @Value("${likes[0]}")
    public String likes1;
     @GetMapping
    public String ById(){
        System.out.println("springboot is running...");       
        System.out.println("likes1=="+likes1);  //likes1==music      
        return "springboot is running...";
    }
}

读取服务器端口号

package com.jkj.controller;
import com.jkj.MyDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/yamlBooks")
public class BookController {
   @Value("${server.port}")
    public String port;
    @GetMapping
    public String ById(){
        System.out.println("springboot is running...");       
        System.out.println("port=="+port);  //port==81   
        return "springboot is running...";
    }
}

读取对象属性

package com.jkj.controller;
import com.jkj.MyDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/yamlBooks")
public class BookController {
    @Value("${user2[0].age}")
    public String age2;
    @GetMapping
    public String ById(){
        System.out.println("springboot is running...");       
         System.out.println("age2=="+age2);  //age2==22         
        return "springboot is running...";
    }
}

封装全部数据到Environment对象

package com.jkj.controller;
import com.jkj.MyDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/yamlBooks")
public class BookController {
    @Autowired
    private Environment env;
    @GetMapping
    public String ById(){        
        System.out.println(env.getProperty("server.port"));
        System.out.println(env.getProperty("user8.name"));        
        return "springboot is running...";
    }
}

读取yaml引用类型属性数据

application.yml

server:
port: 81
#创建类用于封装下面的数据
#由spring去加载数据到对象中，一定要告诉spring加载这组信息
#使用的时候直接从spring中获取信息
datasource:
driver: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost/springboot
username: root
password: root

MyDataSource

自定义对象封装指定数据

1.定义数据模型封装yaml文件中对应的数据

package com.jkj;
import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
//2.定义spring的管控Bean
@Component
//3.指定加载数据
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "datasource")
public class MyDataSource {
    private String driver;
    private String url;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    public String getDriver() {
        return driver;
    }
    public void setDriver(String driver) {
        this.driver = driver;
    }
    public String getUrl() {
        return url;
    }
    public void setUrl(String url) {
        this.url = url;
    }
    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }
    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }
    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }
    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }
    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "MyDataSource{" +
                "driver='" + driver + '\'' +
                ", url='" + url + '\'' +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

读取数据

package com.jkj.controller;
import com.jkj.MyDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/yamlBooks")
public class BookController {
    @Autowired
    private MyDataSource myDataSource;
    @GetMapping
    public String ById(){     
        System.out.println(myDataSource);
        //MyDataSource{driver='com.mysql.jdbc.Driver', url='jdbc:mysql://localhost/springboot', username='root', password='root'}
        return "springboot is running...";
    }
}

变量的引用

application.yml

server:
port: 81
baseDir: E:\window
tempDir: ${baseDir}\temp

读取数据

package com.jkj.controller;
import com.jkj.MyDataSource;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.core.env.Environment;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/yamlBooks")
public class BookController {
     @Value("${tempDir}")
     public String temp;   
    @GetMapping
    public String ById(){     
         System.out.println("temp=="+temp);  //temp==E:\window\temp
        return "springboot is running...";
    }
}

context-path

只写：

server:
port: 81

控制台输出：path为空

加上context-path后：

server:
port: 81
servlet:
context-path: /test

控制台输出页面：

注意：在浏览器输入：http://localhost:81/test/yamlBooks 进行测试。

@Autowired报错解决方案

file
setting
搜索Spring Core
如下图所示将Severity修改为Warning

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SpringBoot yaml语法与数据读取操作详解

yaml

yaml语法规则

字面值表示方式：

数组表示方式：

对象数组格式：

对象数组缩略格式：

读取yaml数据

编写yaml文件

读取单一数据

读取二级数据

读取数组数据

读取服务器端口号

读取对象属性

封装全部数据到Environment对象

读取yaml引用类型属性数据

application.yml

MyDataSource

读取数据

变量的引用

application.yml

读取数据

context-path

@Autowired报错解决方案

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