利用 SpringBoot 在 ES 中实现类似连表查询功能
作者：鸭血粉丝Tang
这篇文章主要介绍了如何利用 SpringBoot 在 ES 中实现类似连表的查询功能,本文通过示例代码给大家介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或工作具有一定的参考借鉴价值，需要的朋友可以参考下
一、摘要
在上篇文章中，我们详细的介绍了如何在 ES 中精准的实现嵌套json对象查询？
那么问题来了，我们如何在后端通过技术方式快速的实现 es 中内嵌对象的数据查询呢？
为了方便更容易掌握技术，本文主要以上篇文章中介绍的通过商品找订单为案例，利用 SpringBoot 整合 ES 实现这个业务需求，向大家介绍具体的技术实践方案，存入es中的json数据结构如下：
{
"orderId":"1",
"orderNo":"123456",
"orderUserName":"张三",
"orderItems":[
{
"orderItemId":"12234",
"orderId":"1",
"productName":"火腿肠",
"brandName":"双汇",
"sellPrice":"28"
},
{
"orderItemId":"12235",
"orderId":"1",
"productName":"果冻",
"brandName":"汇源",
"sellPrice":"12"
}
]
}废话也不多说了，直接上代码！
二、项目实践
2.1添加依赖
在SpringBoot项目中，添加rest-high-level-client客户端，方便与 ES 服务器连接通信，在这里需要注意一下，推荐客户端的版本与 ES 服务器的版本号一致，不然会出现接口请求错误等异常！
小编本次安装的ES服务端版本号为6.8.2，因此客户端也保持6.8.2，与之一致！
<!--elasticsearch-->
<dependency>
<groupId>org.elasticsearch</groupId>
<artifactId>elasticsearch</artifactId>
<version>6.8.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
<artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-client</artifactId>
<version>6.8.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.elasticsearch.client</groupId>
<artifactId>elasticsearch-rest-high-level-client</artifactId>
<version>6.8.2</version>
</dependency>2.2配置 es 客户端
为了更佳方便的使用 es，我们可以将其各个配置类进行封装，方便后续进行维护。
- 在application.properties配置文件中，定义 es 配置连接地址；
# 设置es参数 elasticsearch.scheme=http elasticsearch.address=127.0.0.1:9200 elasticsearch.userName= elasticsearch.userPwd= elasticsearch.socketTimeout=5000 elasticsearch.connectTimeout=5000 elasticsearch.connectionRequestTimeout=5000
- 创建ElasticSearch配置类，方便SpringBoot启动时注入；
import org.apache.http.HttpHost;
import org.apache.http.auth.AuthScope;
import org.apache.http.auth.UsernamePasswordCredentials;
import org.apache.http.client.CredentialsProvider;
import org.apache.http.impl.client.BasicCredentialsProvider;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClient;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestClientBuilder;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Objects;
@Configuration
public class ElasticSearchConfiguration {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ElasticSearchConfiguration.class);
private static final int ADDRESS_LENGTH = 2;
@Value("${elasticsearch.scheme:http}")
private String scheme;
@Value("${elasticsearch.address}")
private String address;
@Value("${elasticsearch.userName}")
private String userName;
@Value("${elasticsearch.userPwd}")
private String userPwd;
@Value("${elasticsearch.socketTimeout:5000}")
private Integer socketTimeout;
@Value("${elasticsearch.connectTimeout:5000}")
private Integer connectTimeout;
@Value("${elasticsearch.connectionRequestTimeout:5000}")
private Integer connectionRequestTimeout;
/**
* 初始化客户端
* @return
*/
@Bean(name = "restHighLevelClient")
public RestHighLevelClient restClientBuilder() {
HttpHost[] hosts = Arrays.stream(address.split(","))
.map(this::buildHttpHost)
.filter(Objects::nonNull)
.toArray(HttpHost[]::new);
RestClientBuilder restClientBuilder = RestClient.builder(hosts);
// 异步参数配置
restClientBuilder.setHttpClientConfigCallback(httpClientBuilder -> {
httpClientBuilder.setDefaultCredentialsProvider(buildCredentialsProvider());
return httpClientBuilder;
});
// 异步连接延时配置
restClientBuilder.setRequestConfigCallback(requestConfigBuilder -> {
requestConfigBuilder.setConnectionRequestTimeout(connectionRequestTimeout);
requestConfigBuilder.setSocketTimeout(socketTimeout);
requestConfigBuilder.setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout);
return requestConfigBuilder;
});
return new RestHighLevelClient(restClientBuilder);
}
/**
* 根据配置创建HttpHost
* @param s
* @return
*/
private HttpHost buildHttpHost(String s) {
String[] address = s.split(":");
if (address.length == ADDRESS_LENGTH) {
String ip = address[0];
int port = Integer.parseInt(address[1]);
return new HttpHost(ip, port, scheme);
} else {
return null;
}
}
/**
* 构建认证服务
* @return
*/
private CredentialsProvider buildCredentialsProvider(){
final CredentialsProvider credentialsProvider = new BasicCredentialsProvider();
credentialsProvider.setCredentials(AuthScope.ANY, new UsernamePasswordCredentials(userName,
userPwd));
return credentialsProvider;
}
}- 封装ElasticSearch客户端服务类，方便公共调用处理
import com.fasterxml.jackson.databind.ObjectMapper;
import org.example.es.exception.CommonException;
import org.apache.commons.lang3.StringUtils;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.alias.get.GetAliasesRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.create.CreateIndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.create.CreateIndexResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.delete.DeleteIndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.get.GetIndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.get.GetIndexResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.mapping.get.GetMappingsRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.mapping.get.GetMappingsResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.admin.indices.mapping.put.PutMappingRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.delete.DeleteRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.delete.DeleteResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.get.GetRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.get.GetResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.index.IndexResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.search.SearchResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.support.master.AcknowledgedResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.action.update.UpdateRequest;
import org.elasticsearch.action.update.UpdateResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.client.GetAliasesResponse;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RequestOptions;
import org.elasticsearch.client.RestHighLevelClient;
import org.elasticsearch.common.settings.Settings;
import org.elasticsearch.common.xcontent.XContentType;
import org.elasticsearch.search.builder.SearchSourceBuilder;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
@Component
public class ElasticSearchClient {
private static final Logger log = LoggerFactory.getLogger(ElasticSearchClient.class);
private static final ObjectMapper objectMapper = new ObjectMapper();
@Autowired
private RestHighLevelClient client;
/**
* 查询全部索引
* @return
*/
public Set<String> getAlias(){
try {
GetAliasesRequest request = new GetAliasesRequest();
GetAliasesResponse response = client.indices().getAlias(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
return response.getAliases().keySet();
} catch (IOException e) {
log.error("向es发起查询全部索引信息请求失败", e);
}
return Collections.emptySet();
}
/**
* 检查索引是否存在
* @param indexName
* @return
*/
public boolean existsIndex(String indexName){
try {
// 创建请求
GetIndexRequest request = new GetIndexRequest().indices(indexName);
// 执行请求,获取响应
boolean response = client.indices().exists(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
return response;
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("向es发起查询索引是否存在请求失败，请求参数：" + indexName, e);
}
return false;
}
/**
* 查询索引
* @param indexName
* @return
*/
public String getIndex(String indexName){
try {
// 创建请求
GetIndexRequest request = new GetIndexRequest().indices(indexName);
// 执行请求,获取响应
GetIndexResponse response = client.indices().get(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
return response.toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("向es发起查询索引请求失败，请求参数：" + indexName, e);
}
return StringUtils.EMPTY;
}
/**
* 创建索引
* @param indexName
* @param mapping
* @return
*/
public void createIndex(String indexName, Map<String, Object> mapping){
try {
CreateIndexRequest request = new CreateIndexRequest();
//索引名称
request.index(indexName);
//索引配置
Settings settings = Settings.builder()
.put("index.number_of_shards", 3)
.put("index.number_of_replicas", 1)
.put("index.max_inner_result_window", 5000)
.build();
request.settings(settings);
//索引结构
request.mapping("_doc",mapping);
//执行请求,获取响应
CreateIndexResponse response = client.indices().create(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
if(!response.isAcknowledged()){
throw new CommonException("向es发起创建索引请求失败");
}
log.info("向es发起创建索引请求成功，返回参数：{}", response.index());
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("向es发起创建索引请求失败，请求参数：" + indexName, e);
throw new CommonException("向es发起创建索引请求失败");
}
}
/**
* 删除索引
* @param indexName
* @return
*/
public void deleteIndex(String indexName){
try {
DeleteIndexRequest request = new DeleteIndexRequest(indexName);
AcknowledgedResponse response = client.indices().delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
if(!response.isAcknowledged()){
throw new CommonException("向es发起删除索引请求失败");
}
log.info("向es发起删除索引请求成功，请求参数：{}", indexName);
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("向es发起删除索引请求失败，请求参数：" + indexName, e);
throw new CommonException("向es发起删除索引请求失败");
}
}
/**
* 查询索引映射字段
* @param indexName
* @return
*/
public String getMapping(String indexName){
try {
GetMappingsRequest request = new GetMappingsRequest().indices(indexName).types("_doc");
GetMappingsResponse response = client.indices().getMapping(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
return response.toString();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("向es发起查询索引映射字段请求失败，请求参数：" + indexName, e);
}
return StringUtils.EMPTY;
}
/**
* 添加索引映射字段
* @param indexName
* @return
*/
public void addMapping(String indexName, Map<String, Object> mapping){
try {
PutMappingRequest request = new PutMappingRequest();
request.indices(indexName);
request.type("_doc");
//添加字段
request.source(mapping);
AcknowledgedResponse response = client.indices().putMapping(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
if(!response.isAcknowledged()){
throw new CommonException("向es发起添加索引映射字段请求失败");
}
log.info("向es发起添加索引映射字段请求成功，请求参数：{}", toJson(request));
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("向es发起添加索引映射字段请求失败，请求参数：" + indexName, e);
throw new CommonException("向es发起添加索引映射字段请求失败");
}
}
/**
* 向索引中添加文档
* @param indexName
* @param id
* @param obj
*/
public void addDocument(String indexName, String id, Object obj){
try {
//向索引中添加文档
IndexRequest request = new IndexRequest();
// 外层参数
request.id(id);
request.index(indexName);
request.type("_doc");
// 存入对象
request.source(toJson(obj), XContentType.JSON);
// 发送请求
IndexResponse response = client.index(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
if(response.status().getStatus() >= 400){
log.warn("向es发起添加文档数据请求失败，请求参数：{}，返回参数：{}", request.toString(), response.toString());
throw new CommonException("向es发起添加文档数据请求失败");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("向es发起添加文档数据请求失败，请求参数：" + indexName, e);
throw new CommonException("向es发起添加文档数据请求失败");
}
}
/**
* 修改索引中的文档数据
* @param indexName
* @param id
* @param obj
*/
public void updateDocument(String indexName, String id, Map<String,Object> obj){
try {
//修改索引中的文档数据
UpdateRequest request = new UpdateRequest();
// 外层参数
request.id(id);
request.index(indexName);
request.type("_doc");
// 存入对象
request.doc(obj);
request.doc(toJson(obj), XContentType.JSON);
// 发送请求
UpdateResponse response = client.update(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
if(response.status().getStatus() >= 400){
log.warn("向es发起修改文档数据请求失败，请求参数：{}，返回参数：{}", request.toString(), response.toString());
throw new CommonException("向es发起修改文档数据请求失败");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("向es发起修改文档数据请求失败，请求参数：" + indexName, e);
throw new CommonException("向es发起修改文档数据请求失败");
}
}
/**
* 删除索引中的文档数据
* @param indexName
* @param id
*/
public void deleteDocument(String indexName, String id){
try {
//删除索引中的文档数据
DeleteRequest request = new DeleteRequest();
// 外层参数
request.id(id);
request.index(indexName);
request.type("_doc");
// 发送请求
DeleteResponse response = client.delete(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
if(response.status().getStatus() >= 400){
log.warn("向es发起删除文档数据请求失败，请求参数：{}，返回参数：{}", request.toString(), response.toString());
throw new CommonException("向es发起删除文档数据请求失败");
}
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("向es发起删除文档数据请求失败，请求参数：" + indexName, e);
throw new CommonException("向es发起删除文档数据请求失败");
}
}
/**
* 查询索引中的文档数据
* @param indexName
* @param id
*/
public String getDocumentById(String indexName, String id){
try {
GetRequest request = new GetRequest();
// 外层参数
request.id(id);
request.index(indexName);
request.type("_doc");
// 发送请求
GetResponse response = client.get(request, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
response.getSourceAsString();
} catch (Exception e) {
log.error("向es发起查询文档数据请求失败，请求参数：" + indexName, e);
}
return StringUtils.EMPTY;
}
/**
* 索引高级查询
* @param indexName
* @param source
* @return
*/
public SearchResponse searchDocument(String indexName, SearchSourceBuilder source){
//搜索
SearchRequest searchRequest = new SearchRequest();
searchRequest.indices(indexName);
searchRequest.source(source);
try {
// 执行请求
SearchResponse response = client.search(searchRequest, RequestOptions.DEFAULT);
return response;
} catch (Exception e) {
log.warn("向es发起查询文档数据请求失败，请求参数：" + searchRequest.toString(), e);
}
return null;
}
/**
* 将对象格式化成json，并保持原字段类型输出
* @param object
* @return
*/
private String toJson(Object object) {
try {
return objectMapper.writeValueAsString(object);
} catch (Exception e) {
throw new CommonException(e);
}
}
}2.3初始化索引结构
在使用 es 对订单进行查询搜索时，我们需要先定义好对应的订单索引结构，内容如下：
@ActiveProfiles("dev")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class OrderIndexServiceJunit {
@Autowired
private ElasticSearchClient elasticSearchClient;
/**
* 初始化索引结构
*
* @return
*/
@Test
public void initIndex(){
String indexName = "orderIndex-2022-07";
// 创建请求
boolean existsIndex = elasticSearchClient.existsIndex(indexName);
if (!existsIndex) {
Map<String, Object> properties = buildMapping();
elasticSearchClient.createIndex(indexName, properties);
}
}
/**
* 构建索引结构
*
* @return
*/
private Map<String, Object> buildMapping() {
Map<String, Object> properties = new HashMap();
//订单id 唯一键ID
properties.put("orderId", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "keyword"));
//订单号
properties.put("orderNo", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "keyword"));
//客户姓名
properties.put("orderUserName", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text"));
//订单项
Map<String, Object> orderItems = new HashMap();
//订单项ID
orderItems.put("orderItemId", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "keyword"));
//产品名称
orderItems.put("productName", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text"));
//品牌名称
orderItems.put("brandName", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "text"));
//销售金额,单位分*100
orderItems.put("sellPrice", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "integer"));
properties.put("orderItems", ImmutableBiMap.of("type", "nested", "properties", orderItems));
//文档结构映射
Map<String, Object> mapping = new HashMap();
mapping.put("properties", properties);
return mapping;
}
}2.4向 es 中同步文档数据
索引结构创建好之后，我们需要将支持 es 搜索的订单数据同步进去。
将指定的订单 ID 从数据库查询出来，并封装成 es 订单数据结构，保存到 es 中！
@ActiveProfiles("dev")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class OrderIndexServiceJunit {
@Autowired
private ElasticSearchClient elasticSearchClient;
/**
* 保存订单到ES中
* @param request
*/
@Test
public void saveDocument(){
String indexName = "orderIndex-2022-07";
//从数据库查询最新订单数据，并封装成对应的es订单结构
String orderId = "202202020202";
OrderIndexDocDTO indexDocDTO = buildOrderIndexDocDTO(orderId);
//保存数据到ES中
elasticSearchClient.addDocument(indexName, indexDocDTO.getOrderId(), indexDocDTO);
}
}2.5内嵌对象查询
内嵌对象查询分两种形式，比如，第一种通过商品、品牌、价格等条件，分页查询订单数据；第二种是通过订单ID、商品、品牌、价格等，分页查询订单项数据。具体的实践，请看下文。
通过商品、品牌、价格等条件，分页查询订单数据；
@ActiveProfiles("dev")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class OrderIndexServiceJunit {
@Autowired
private ElasticSearchClient elasticSearchClient;
/**
* 通过商品、品牌、价格等条件，分页查询订单数据
* @param request
*/
@Test
public void search1(){
//查询索引，支持通配符
String indexName = "orderIndex-*";
String orderUserName = "张三";
String productName = "薯条";
// 条件搜索
SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
//组合搜索
BoolQueryBuilder mainBoolQuery = new BoolQueryBuilder();
mainBoolQuery.must(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("orderUserName", orderUserName));
//订单项相关信息搜索
BoolQueryBuilder nestedBoolQuery = new BoolQueryBuilder(); nestedBoolQuery.must(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("orderItems.productName", productName));
//内嵌对象搜索，需要指定path
NestedQueryBuilder nestedQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.nestedQuery("orderItems",nestedBoolQuery, ScoreMode.None);
//子表查询
mainBoolQuery.must(nestedQueryBuilder);
//封装查询参数
builder.query(mainBoolQuery);
//返回参数
builder.fetchSource(new String[]{}, new String[]{});
//结果集合分页，从第一页开始，返回最多四条数据
builder.from(0).size(4);
//排序
builder.sort("orderId", SortOrder.DESC);
log.info("dsl：{}", builder.toString());
// 执行请求
SearchResponse response = elasticSearchClient.searchDocument(indexName, builder);
// 当前返回的总行数
long count = response.getHits().getTotalHits();
// 返回的具体行数
SearchHit[] searchHits = response.getHits().getHits();
log.info("response：{}", response.toString());
}
}通过订单ID、商品、品牌、价格等，分页查询订单项数据；
@ActiveProfiles("dev")
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
@SpringBootTest
public class OrderIndexServiceJunit {
@Autowired
private ElasticSearchClient elasticSearchClient;
/**
* 通过订单ID、商品、品牌、价格等，分页查询订单项数据
* @param request
*/
@Test
public void search2(){
//查询索引，支持通配符
String indexName = "orderIndex-*";
String orderId = "202202020202";
String productName = "薯条";
// 条件搜索
SearchSourceBuilder builder = new SearchSourceBuilder();
//组合搜索
BoolQueryBuilder mainBoolQuery = new BoolQueryBuilder();
mainBoolQuery.must(QueryBuilders.termQuery("_id", orderId));
//订单项相关信息搜索
BoolQueryBuilder nestedBoolQuery = new BoolQueryBuilder(); nestedBoolQuery.must(QueryBuilders.matchQuery("orderItems.productName", productName));
//内嵌对象搜索，需要指定path
NestedQueryBuilder nestedQueryBuilder = QueryBuilders.nestedQuery("orderItems",nestedBoolQuery, ScoreMode.None);
//内嵌对象分页查询
InnerHitBuilder innerHitBuilder = new InnerHitBuilder();
//结果集合分页，从第一页开始，返回最多四条数据
innerHitBuilder.setFrom(0).setSize(4);
//只返回订单项id
innerHitBuilder.setFetchSourceContext(new FetchSourceContext(true, new String[]{"orderItems.orderItemId"}, new String[]{}));
innerHitBuilder.addSort(SortBuilders.fieldSort("orderItems.orderItemId").order(SortOrder.DESC));
nestedQueryBuilder.innerHit(innerHitBuilder);
//子表查询
mainBoolQuery.must(nestedQueryBuilder);
//封装查询参数
builder.query(mainBoolQuery);
//返回参数
builder.fetchSource(new String[]{}, new String[]{});
//结果集合分页，从第一页开始，返回最多四条数据
builder.from(0).size(4);
//排序
builder.sort("orderId", SortOrder.DESC);
log.info("dsl：{}", builder.toString());
// 执行请求
SearchResponse response = elasticSearchClient.searchDocument(indexName, builder);
// 当前返回的订单主表总行数
long count = response.getHits().getTotalHits();
// 返回的订单主表数据
SearchHit[] searchHits = response.getHits().getHits();
// 返回查询的的订单项分页数据
Map<String, SearchHits> = searchHit[0].getInnerHits();
log.info("response：{}", response.toString());
}
}三、小结
本文主要以通过商品名称查询订单数据为案例，介绍利用 SpringBoot 整合 es 实现数据的高效搜索，内容如果难免有些遗漏，欢迎网友指出！