详解golang执行Linux shell命令完整场景下的使用方法
作者：学亮编程手记
本文主要介绍了golang执行Linux shell命令完整场景下的使用方法，文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细，对大家的学习或者工作具有一定的参考学习价值，需要的朋友们下面随着小编来一起学习学习吧
1. 执行命令并获得输出结果
CombinedOutput()
执行程序返回 standard output and standard error
func main() {
cmd := exec.Command("ls", "-lah")
out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("cmd.Run() failed with %s\n", err)
}
fmt.Printf("combined out:\n%s\n", string(out))
}
Output()
执行程序返回standard output
func main() {
out, err := exec.Command("date").Output()
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Printf("The date is %s\n", out)
}
2. 将stdout和stderr分别处理
用buffer接受输出
func main() {
cmd := exec.Command("ls", "-lah")
var stdin, stdout, stderr bytes.Buffer
cmd.Stdin = &stdin
cmd.Stdout = &stdout
cmd.Stderr = &stderr
err := cmd.Run()
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("cmd.Run() failed with %s\n", err)
}
outStr, errStr := string(stdout.Bytes()), string(stderr.Bytes())
fmt.Printf("out:\n%s\nerr:\n%s\n", outStr, errStr)
}
直接打印到屏幕
func main() {
cmd := exec.Command("ls", "-lah")
cmd.Stdout = os.Stdout
cmd.Stderr = os.Stdout
err := cmd.Run()
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("cmd.Run() failed with %s\n", err)
}
}
3. 异步执行命令
cmd.Run() 阻塞等待命令执行结束
cmd.Start() 不会等待命令完成
package main
import (
"bytes"
"fmt"
"io"
"log"
"os"
"os/exec"
)
func main() {
var stdoutBuf, stderrBuf bytes.Buffer
cmd := exec.Command("bash", "-c", "for i in 1 2 3 4;do echo $i;sleep 2;done")
stdoutIn, _ := cmd.StdoutPipe()
stderrIn, _ := cmd.StderrPipe()
var errStdout, errStderr error
stdout := io.MultiWriter(os.Stdout, &stdoutBuf)
stderr := io.MultiWriter(os.Stderr, &stderrBuf)
err := cmd.Start()
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("cmd.Start() failed with '%s'\n", err)
}
go func() {
_, errStdout = io.Copy(stdout, stdoutIn)
}()
go func() {
_, errStderr = io.Copy(stderr, stderrIn)
}()
err = cmd.Wait()
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("cmd.Run() failed with %s\n", err)
}
if errStdout != nil || errStderr != nil {
log.Fatal("failed to capture stdout or stderr\n")
}
outStr, errStr := string(stdoutBuf.Bytes()), string(stderrBuf.Bytes())
fmt.Printf("\nout:\n%s\nerr:\n%s\n", outStr, errStr)
}4. 执行时带上环境变量
func main() {
cmd := exec.Command("bash", "-c", "programToExecute")
additionalEnv := "programToExecute=ls"
newEnv := append(os.Environ(), additionalEnv)
cmd.Env = newEnv
out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()
if err != nil {
log.Fatalf("cmd.Run() failed with %s\n", err)
}
fmt.Printf("%s", out)
}
5. 预先检查命令是否存在
func checkLsExists() {
path, err := exec.LookPath("ls")
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("didn't find 'ls' executable\n")
} else {
fmt.Printf("'ls' executable is in '%s'\n", path)
}
}
6. 两个命令依次执行，管道通信
func main() {
c1 := exec.Command("ls")
c2 := exec.Command("wc", "-l")
r, w := io.Pipe()
c1.Stdout = w
c2.Stdin = r
var b2 bytes.Buffer
c2.Stdout = &b2
c1.Start()
c2.Start()
c1.Wait()
w.Close()
c2.Wait()
io.Copy(os.Stdout, &b2)
}
或者
func main() {
c1 := exec.Command("ls")
c2 := exec.Command("wc", "-l")
c2.Stdin, _ = c1.StdoutPipe()
c2.Stdout = os.Stdout
_ = c2.Start()
_ = c1.Run()
_ = c2.Wait()
}
反正下面这样是不行的
func main() {
c := exec.Command("ls", "|", "wc", "-l")
c.Stdout = os.Stdout
_ = c.Run()
}
不嫌丑可以用bash -c
func main() {
cmd := "cat /proc/cpuinfo | egrep '^model name' | uniq | awk '{print substr($0, index($0,$4))}'"
out, err := exec.Command("bash", "-c", cmd).Output()
if err != nil {
fmt.Printf("Failed to execute command: %s", cmd)
}
fmt.Println(string(out))
}
7. 按行读取输出内容
func main() {
cmd := exec.Command("ls", "-la")
stdout, _ := cmd.StdoutPipe()
cmd.Start()
reader := bufio.NewReader(stdout)
for {
line, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
if err != nil || io.EOF == err {
break
}
log.Println(line)
}
cmd.Wait()
}
8. 获得exit code
func RunCommand(name string, args ...string) (stdout string, stderr string, exitCode int) {
log.Println("run command:", name, args)
var outbuf, errbuf bytes.Buffer
cmd := exec.Command(name, args...)
cmd.Stdout = &outbuf
cmd.Stderr = &errbuf
err := cmd.Run()
stdout = outbuf.String()
stderr = errbuf.String()
if err != nil {
// try to get the exit code
if exitError, ok := err.(*exec.ExitError); ok {
ws := exitError.Sys().(syscall.WaitStatus)
exitCode = ws.ExitStatus()
} else {
// This will happen (in OSX) if `name` is not available in $PATH,
// in this situation, exit code could not be get, and stderr will be
// empty string very likely, so we use the default fail code, and format err
// to string and set to stderr
log.Printf("Could not get exit code for failed program: %v, %v", name, args)
exitCode = defaultFailedCode
if stderr == "" {
stderr = err.Error()
}
}
} else {
// success, exitCode should be 0 if go is ok
ws := cmd.ProcessState.Sys().(syscall.WaitStatus)
exitCode = ws.ExitStatus()
}
log.Printf("command result, stdout: %v, stderr: %v, exitCode: %v", stdout, stderr, exitCode)
return
}参考链接：
https://saucer-man.com/backend_development/571.html
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