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SQL语句中EXISTS的详细用法大全

作者:zhangbeizhen18

最近重新用到了exists关键字,对于其基本用法记录一下,下面这篇文章主要给大家介绍了关于SQL语句中EXISTS的详细用法,文中通过实例代码介绍的非常详细,需要的朋友可以参考下

前言

在业务开展中,会遇到类似需求。

需求1:UPDATE表TEST_TB01中的记录;满足条件:这些记录不在TEST_TB02中。

需求2:UPDATE表TEST_TB01中的记录;满足条件:这些记录在TEST_TB02中。

在SQL语句中EXISTS的用法,能够比较简洁的去解决这类需求。

一、建表

1.在MySQL数据库建表语句

CREATE TABLE TEST_TB01
(
  sensor_id   BIGINT,
  part_id     BIGINT,
  flag        VARCHAR(64)
 )
COMMENT '数据表一';
CREATE TABLE TEST_TB02
(
  sensor_id   BIGINT,
  part_id     BIGINT,
  flag        VARCHAR(64)
 )
COMMENT '数据表二';
CREATE TABLE TEST_TB03
(
  sensor_id   BIGINT,
  part_id     BIGINT,
  flag        VARCHAR(64)
 )
COMMENT '数据表三';

2.在ORACLE数据库建表语句

CREATE TABLE TEST_TB01
(
  sensor_id  NUMBER(16),
  part_id    NUMBER(16),
  flag       VARCHAR(64)
 );
CREATE TABLE TEST_TB02
(
  sensor_id  NUMBER(16),
  part_id    NUMBER(16),
  flag       VARCHAR(64)
 );

二、在SELECT语句中使用EXISTS

在SELECT的SQL语句中使用EXISTS。

在TEST_TB01插入数据:

INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2101,8811,'厦门');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2102,8812,'泉州');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2103,8813,'福州');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2104,8814,'漳州');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2105,8815,'杭州');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2106,8816,'上海');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2107,8817,'北京');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2108,8818,'深圳');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2109,8819,'中国');

在TEST_TB02插入数据:

INSERT INTO TEST_TB02 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2101,8811,'厦门');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB02 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2102,8812,'泉州');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB02 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2103,8813,'福州');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB02 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2104,8814,'漳州');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB02 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2109,8819,'中国');

在TEST_TB03插入数据:

INSERT INTO TEST_TB03 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2106,8816,'上海');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB03 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2107,8817,'北京');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB03 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2109,8819,'中国');

查看TEST_TB01数据:

查看TEST_TB02数据:

查看TEST_TB03数据:

 1.在SQL中使用EXISTS

需求:从TEST_TB01中查询出在TEST_TB02中存在的记录,关联条件是两个表的sensor_id相等。

SQL语句:

SELECT
  aa.sensor_id,aa.part_id,aa.flag
FROM
  TEST_TB01 aa
WHERE EXISTS
  (SELECT 1 FROM
    TEST_TB02 bb
  WHERE aa.sensor_id = bb.sensor_id);

执行结果:

 2.在SQL中使用NOT EXISTS

需求:从TEST_TB01中查询出在TEST_TB02中不存在的记录,关联条件是两个表的sensor_id相等。

SQL语句:

SELECT
  aa.sensor_id,aa.part_id,aa.flag
FROM
  TEST_TB01 aa
WHERE NOT EXISTS
  (SELECT 1 FROM
    TEST_TB02 bb
  WHERE aa.sensor_id = bb.sensor_id);

执行结果:

 3.在SQL中使用多个NOT EXISTS

需求:从TEST_TB01中查询出在TEST_TB02和TEST_TB03中都不存在的记录,关联条件是表的sensor_id相等。

SQL语句:

SELECT
  aa.sensor_id,aa.part_id,aa.flag
FROM
  TEST_TB01 aa
WHERE NOT EXISTS
  (SELECT 1 FROM
    TEST_TB02 bb
  WHERE aa.sensor_id = bb.sensor_id)
  AND NOT EXISTS
  (SELECT 1 FROM
    TEST_TB03 cc
  WHERE aa.sensor_id = cc.sensor_id);

执行结果:

 4.在SQL中使用多个EXISTS

需求:从TEST_TB01中查询出在TEST_TB02和TEST_TB03中都存在的记录,关联条件是表的sensor_id相等。

SQL语句:

SELECT
  aa.sensor_id,aa.part_id,aa.flag
FROM
  TEST_TB01 aa
WHERE  EXISTS
  (SELECT 1 FROM
    TEST_TB02 bb
  WHERE aa.sensor_id = bb.sensor_id)
  AND  EXISTS
  (SELECT 1 FROM
    TEST_TB03 cc
  WHERE aa.sensor_id = cc.sensor_id);

执行结果:

 5.在SQL中使用NOT EXISTS和EXISTS

需求:从TEST_TB01中查询出在TEST_TB02存在但是TEST_TB03中不存在的记录,关联条件是表的sensor_id相等。

SQL语句:

SELECT
  aa.sensor_id,aa.part_id,aa.flag
FROM
  TEST_TB01 aa
WHERE  EXISTS
  (SELECT 1 FROM
    TEST_TB02 bb
  WHERE aa.sensor_id = bb.sensor_id)
  AND NOT EXISTS
  (SELECT 1 FROM
    TEST_TB03 cc
  WHERE aa.sensor_id = cc.sensor_id);

执行结果:

三、在DELETE语句中使用EXISTS

在DELETE的SQL语句中使用EXISTS和NOT EXISTS。

在TEST_TB01插入数据:

INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2101,8811,'厦门');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2102,8812,'泉州');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2103,8813,'福州');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2104,8814,'漳州');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2105,8815,'杭州');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2106,8816,'上海');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2107,8817,'北京');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2108,8818,'深圳');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2109,8819,'中国');

在TEST_TB02插入数据:

INSERT INTO TEST_TB02 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2101,8811,'厦门');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB02 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2102,8812,'泉州');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB02 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2103,8813,'福州');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB02 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2104,8814,'漳州');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB02 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2109,8819,'中国');

1.在MySQL中使用

需求:从TEST_TB01中删除在TEST_TB02中存在的记录,关联条件是两个表的sensor_id相等。

注意:本例使用MySQL版本:MySQL 5.7.33。

SQL语句:

DELETE  FROM 
TEST_TB01 aa
WHERE EXISTS
  (SELECT 1 FROM
    TEST_TB02 bb
  WHERE aa.sensor_id = bb.sensor_id);

执行结果:

 结论:在MySQL中是不支持在DELETE的SQL语句中使用EXISTS和NOT EXISTS这种句法。(本例版本:MySQL 5.7.33)。

解决此需求

SQL语句:

DELETE
  aa
FROM
  TEST_TB01 aa
 INNER JOIN TEST_TB02 bb
    ON aa.sensor_id = bb.sensor_id;

注意:在SQL中DELETE后面紧跟着的是需求中需要删除的表名的别名

如果不使用别名会报错:

 2.在Oracle中使用

需求:从TEST_TB01中删除在TEST_TB02中存在的记录,关联条件是两个表的sensor_id相等。

SQL语句:

DELETE  FROM 
TEST_TB01 aa
WHERE EXISTS
  (SELECT 1 FROM
    TEST_TB02 bb
  WHERE aa.sensor_id = bb.sensor_id);

执行结果:

执行前TEST_TB01:

 执行前TEST_TB02:

 执行后TEST_TB01:

四、在UPDATE语句中使用EXISTS

在UPDATE的SQL语句中使用EXISTS。

在TEST_TB01插入数据:

INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2101,8811,'城市');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2102,8812,'城市');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2103,8813,'城市');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2104,8814,'城市');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2105,8815,'城市');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2106,8816,'城市');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2107,8817,'城市');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2108,8818,'城市');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB01 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2109,8819,'城市');

在TEST_TB02插入数据:

INSERT INTO TEST_TB02 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2101,8811,'厦门');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB02 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2102,8812,'泉州');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB02 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2103,8813,'福州');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB02 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2104,8814,'漳州');
INSERT INTO TEST_TB02 (sensor_id,part_id,flag) VALUES(2109,8819,'中国');

1.在MySQL中使用

需求:在TEST_TB01中更新,在TEST_TB02中存在的记录,关联条件是两个表的sensor_id相等。

注意:本例使用MySQL版本:MySQL 5.7.33。

SQL语句:

UPDATE TEST_TB01 aa
   SET (aa.part_id, aa.flag) =
       (SELECT bb.part_id, bb.flag
          FROM TEST_TB02 bb
         WHERE aa.sensor_id = bb.sensor_id)
 WHERE EXISTS
 (SELECT 1 FROM TEST_TB02 cc 
       WHERE aa.sensor_id = cc.sensor_id);

执行结果:

 结论:在MySQL中是不支持在UPDATE的SQL语句中使用EXISTS和NOT EXISTS这种句法。(本例版本:MySQL 5.7.33)。

解决此需求

SQL语句:

UPDATE TEST_TB01 aa ,TEST_TB02 bb
SET 
    aa.part_id=bb.part_id,
    aa.flag=bb.flag
WHERE aa.sensor_id = bb.sensor_id;

执行结果:

执行前TEST_TB01:

 执行前TEST_TB02:

 执行后TEST_TB01:

 2.在Oracle中使用

需求:在TEST_TB01中更新,在TEST_TB02中存在的记录,关联条件是两个表的sensor_id相等。

SQL语句:

UPDATE TEST_TB01 aa
   SET (aa.part_id, aa.flag) =
       (SELECT bb.part_id, bb.flag
          FROM TEST_TB02 bb
         WHERE aa.sensor_id = bb.sensor_id)
 WHERE EXISTS
 (SELECT 1 FROM TEST_TB02 cc 
       WHERE aa.sensor_id = cc.sensor_id);

执行结果:

执行前TEST_TB01:

 执行前TEST_TB02:

 执行后TEST_TB01:

 以上,感谢。

总结

到此这篇关于SQL语句中EXISTS用法的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关SQL语句EXISTS用法内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!

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