mall整合SpringSecurity及JWT实现认证授权实战
作者:MacroZheng
摘要
本文主要讲解mall通过整合SpringSecurity和JWT实现后台用户的登录和授权功能,同时改造Swagger-UI的配置使其可以自动记住登录令牌进行发送。
项目使用框架介绍
SpringSecurity
SpringSecurity是一个强大的可高度定制的认证和授权框架,对于Spring应用来说它是一套Web安全标准。SpringSecurity注重于为Java应用提供认证和授权功能,像所有的Spring项目一样,它对自定义需求具有强大的扩展性。
JWT
JWT是JSON WEB TOKEN的缩写,它是基于 RFC 7519 标准定义的一种可以安全传输的的JSON对象,由于使用了数字签名,所以是可信任和安全的。
JWT的组成
JWT token的格式:
header.payload.signature
header中用于存放签名的生成算法
{"alg": "HS512"}
payload中用于存放用户名、token的生成时间和过期时间
{"sub":"admin","created":1489079981393,"exp":1489684781}
signature为以header和payload生成的签名,一旦header和payload被篡改,验证将失败
//secret为加密算法的密钥 String signature = HMACSHA512(base64UrlEncode(header) + "." +base64UrlEncode(payload),secret)
JWT实例
这是一个JWT的字符串
eyJhbGciOiJIUzUxMiJ9.eyJzdWIiOiJhZG1pbiIsImNyZWF0ZWQiOjE1NTY3NzkxMjUzMDksImV4cCI6MTU1NzM4MzkyNX0.d-iki0193X0bBOETf2UN3r3PotNIEAV7mzIxxeI5IxFyzzkOZxS0PGfF_SK6wxCv2K8S0cZjMkv6b5bCqc0VBw
可以在该网站上获得解析结果:jwt.io/
JWT实现认证和授权的原理
- 用户调用登录接口,登录成功后获取到JWT的token;
- 之后用户每次调用接口都在http的header中添加一个叫Authorization的头,值为JWT的token;
- 后台程序通过对Authorization头中信息的解码及数字签名校验来获取其中的用户信息,从而实现认证和授权。
Hutool
Hutool是一个丰富的Java开源工具包,它帮助我们简化每一行代码,减少每一个方法,mall项目采用了此工具包。
项目使用表说明
ums_admin
:后台用户表
ums_role
:后台用户角色表
ums_permission
:后台用户权限表
ums_admin_role_relation
:后台用户和角色关系表,用户与角色是多对多关系
ums_role_permission_relation
:后台用户角色和权限关系表,角色与权限是多对多关系
ums_admin_permission_relation
:后台用户和权限关系表(除角色中定义的权限以外的加减权限),加权限是指用户比角色多出的权限,减权限是指用户比角色少的权限
整合SpringSecurity及JWT
在pom.xml中添加项目依赖
<!--SpringSecurity依赖配置--> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-security</artifactId> </dependency> <!--Hutool Java工具包--> <dependency> <groupId>cn.hutool</groupId> <artifactId>hutool-all</artifactId> <version>4.5.7</version> </dependency> <!--JWT(Json Web Token)登录支持--> <dependency> <groupId>io.jsonwebtoken</groupId> <artifactId>jjwt</artifactId> <version>0.9.0</version> </dependency>
添加JWT token的工具类
用于生成和解析JWT token的工具类
相关方法说明:
generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) :用于根据登录用户信息生成token
getUserNameFromToken(String token):从token中获取登录用户的信息
validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails):判断token是否还有效
package com.macro.mall.tiny.common.utils; import io.jsonwebtoken.Claims; import io.jsonwebtoken.Jwts; import io.jsonwebtoken.SignatureAlgorithm; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import java.util.Date; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; /** * JwtToken生成的工具类 * Created by macro on 2018/4/26. */ @Component public class JwtTokenUtil { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtTokenUtil.class); private static final String CLAIM_KEY_USERNAME = "sub"; private static final String CLAIM_KEY_CREATED = "created"; @Value("${jwt.secret}") private String secret; @Value("${jwt.expiration}") private Long expiration; /** * 根据负责生成JWT的token */ private String generateToken(Map<String, Object> claims) { return Jwts.builder() .setClaims(claims) .setExpiration(generateExpirationDate()) .signWith(SignatureAlgorithm.HS512, secret) .compact(); } /** * 从token中获取JWT中的负载 */ private Claims getClaimsFromToken(String token) { Claims claims = null; try { claims = Jwts.parser() .setSigningKey(secret) .parseClaimsJws(token) .getBody(); } catch (Exception e) { LOGGER.info("JWT格式验证失败:{}",token); } return claims; } /** * 生成token的过期时间 */ private Date generateExpirationDate() { return new Date(System.currentTimeMillis() + expiration * 1000); } /** * 从token中获取登录用户名 */ public String getUserNameFromToken(String token) { String username; try { Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token); username = claims.getSubject(); } catch (Exception e) { username = null; } return username; } /** * 验证token是否还有效 * * @param token 客户端传入的token * @param userDetails 从数据库中查询出来的用户信息 */ public boolean validateToken(String token, UserDetails userDetails) { String username = getUserNameFromToken(token); return username.equals(userDetails.getUsername()) && !isTokenExpired(token); } /** * 判断token是否已经失效 */ private boolean isTokenExpired(String token) { Date expiredDate = getExpiredDateFromToken(token); return expiredDate.before(new Date()); } /** * 从token中获取过期时间 */ private Date getExpiredDateFromToken(String token) { Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token); return claims.getExpiration(); } /** * 根据用户信息生成token */ public String generateToken(UserDetails userDetails) { Map<String, Object> claims = new HashMap<>(); claims.put(CLAIM_KEY_USERNAME, userDetails.getUsername()); claims.put(CLAIM_KEY_CREATED, new Date()); return generateToken(claims); } /** * 判断token是否可以被刷新 */ public boolean canRefresh(String token) { return !isTokenExpired(token); } /** * 刷新token */ public String refreshToken(String token) { Claims claims = getClaimsFromToken(token); claims.put(CLAIM_KEY_CREATED, new Date()); return generateToken(claims); } }
添加SpringSecurity的配置类
package com.macro.mall.tiny.config; import com.macro.mall.tiny.component.JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter; import com.macro.mall.tiny.component.RestAuthenticationEntryPoint; import com.macro.mall.tiny.component.RestfulAccessDeniedHandler; import com.macro.mall.tiny.dto.AdminUserDetails; import com.macro.mall.tiny.mbg.model.UmsAdmin; import com.macro.mall.tiny.mbg.model.UmsPermission; import com.macro.mall.tiny.service.UmsAdminService; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; import org.springframework.http.HttpMethod; import org.springframework.security.authentication.AuthenticationManager; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.authentication.builders.AuthenticationManagerBuilder; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.method.configuration.EnableGlobalMethodSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.builders.HttpSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.EnableWebSecurity; import org.springframework.security.config.annotation.web.configuration.WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter; import org.springframework.security.config.http.SessionCreationPolicy; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UsernameNotFoundException; import org.springframework.security.crypto.bcrypt.BCryptPasswordEncoder; import org.springframework.security.crypto.password.PasswordEncoder; import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter; import java.util.List; /** * SpringSecurity的配置 * Created by macro on 2018/4/26. */ @Configuration @EnableWebSecurity @EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(prePostEnabled=true) public class SecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter { @Autowired private UmsAdminService adminService; @Autowired private RestfulAccessDeniedHandler restfulAccessDeniedHandler; @Autowired private RestAuthenticationEntryPoint restAuthenticationEntryPoint; @Override protected void configure(HttpSecurity httpSecurity) throws Exception { httpSecurity.csrf()// 由于使用的是JWT,我们这里不需要csrf .disable() .sessionManagement()// 基于token,所以不需要session .sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS) .and() .authorizeRequests() .antMatchers(HttpMethod.GET, // 允许对于网站静态资源的无授权访问 "/", "/*.html", "/favicon.ico", "/**/*.html", "/**/*.css", "/**/*.js", "/swagger-resources/**", "/v2/api-docs/**" ) .permitAll() .antMatchers("/admin/login", "/admin/register")// 对登录注册要允许匿名访问 .permitAll() .antMatchers(HttpMethod.OPTIONS)//跨域请求会先进行一次options请求 .permitAll() // .antMatchers("/**")//测试时全部运行访问 // .permitAll() .anyRequest()// 除上面外的所有请求全部需要鉴权认证 .authenticated(); // 禁用缓存 httpSecurity.headers().cacheControl(); // 添加JWT filter httpSecurity.addFilterBefore(jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter(), UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter.class); //添加自定义未授权和未登录结果返回 httpSecurity.exceptionHandling() .accessDeniedHandler(restfulAccessDeniedHandler) .authenticationEntryPoint(restAuthenticationEntryPoint); } @Override protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception { auth.userDetailsService(userDetailsService()) .passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder()); } @Bean public PasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() { return new BCryptPasswordEncoder(); } @Bean public UserDetailsService userDetailsService() { //获取登录用户信息 return username -> { UmsAdmin admin = adminService.getAdminByUsername(username); if (admin != null) { List<UmsPermission> permissionList = adminService.getPermissionList(admin.getId()); return new AdminUserDetails(admin,permissionList); } throw new UsernameNotFoundException("用户名或密码错误"); }; } @Bean public JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter jwtAuthenticationTokenFilter(){ return new JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter(); } @Bean @Override public AuthenticationManager authenticationManagerBean() throws Exception { return super.authenticationManagerBean(); } }
相关依赖及方法说明
configure(HttpSecurity httpSecurity):用于配置需要拦截的url路径、jwt过滤器及出异常后的处理器;
configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth):用于配置UserDetailsService及PasswordEncoder;
RestfulAccessDeniedHandler:当用户没有访问权限时的处理器,用于返回JSON格式的处理结果;
RestAuthenticationEntryPoint:当未登录或token失效时,返回JSON格式的结果;
UserDetailsService:SpringSecurity定义的核心接口,用于根据用户名获取用户信息,需要自行实现;
UserDetails:SpringSecurity定义用于封装用户信息的类(主要是用户信息和权限),需要自行实现;
PasswordEncoder:SpringSecurity定义的用于对密码进行编码及比对的接口,目前使用的是BCryptPasswordEncoder;
JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter:在用户名和密码校验前添加的过滤器,如果有jwt的token,会自行根据token信息进行登录。
添加RestfulAccessDeniedHandler
package com.macro.mall.tiny.component; import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil; import com.macro.mall.tiny.common.api.CommonResult; import org.springframework.security.access.AccessDeniedException; import org.springframework.security.web.access.AccessDeniedHandler; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; /** * 当访问接口没有权限时,自定义的返回结果 * Created by macro on 2018/4/26. */ @Component public class RestfulAccessDeniedHandler implements AccessDeniedHandler{ @Override public void handle(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AccessDeniedException e) throws IOException, ServletException { response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); response.setContentType("application/json"); response.getWriter().println(JSONUtil.parse(CommonResult.forbidden(e.getMessage()))); response.getWriter().flush(); } }
添加RestAuthenticationEntryPoint
package com.macro.mall.tiny.component; import cn.hutool.json.JSONUtil; import com.macro.mall.tiny.common.api.CommonResult; import org.springframework.security.core.AuthenticationException; import org.springframework.security.web.AuthenticationEntryPoint; import org.springframework.stereotype.Component; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; /** * 当未登录或者token失效访问接口时,自定义的返回结果 * Created by macro on 2018/5/14. */ @Component public class RestAuthenticationEntryPoint implements AuthenticationEntryPoint { @Override public void commence(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, AuthenticationException authException) throws IOException, ServletException { response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8"); response.setContentType("application/json"); response.getWriter().println(JSONUtil.parse(CommonResult.unauthorized(authException.getMessage()))); response.getWriter().flush(); } }
添加AdminUserDetails
package com.macro.mall.tiny.dto; import com.macro.mall.tiny.mbg.model.UmsAdmin; import com.macro.mall.tiny.mbg.model.UmsPermission; import org.springframework.security.core.GrantedAuthority; import org.springframework.security.core.authority.SimpleGrantedAuthority; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails; import java.util.Collection; import java.util.List; import java.util.stream.Collectors; /** * SpringSecurity需要的用户详情 * Created by macro on 2018/4/26. */ public class AdminUserDetails implements UserDetails { private UmsAdmin umsAdmin; private List<UmsPermission> permissionList; public AdminUserDetails(UmsAdmin umsAdmin, List<UmsPermission> permissionList) { this.umsAdmin = umsAdmin; this.permissionList = permissionList; } @Override public Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities() { //返回当前用户的权限 return permissionList.stream() .filter(permission -> permission.getValue()!=null) .map(permission ->new SimpleGrantedAuthority(permission.getValue())) .collect(Collectors.toList()); } @Override public String getPassword() { return umsAdmin.getPassword(); } @Override public String getUsername() { return umsAdmin.getUsername(); } @Override public boolean isAccountNonExpired() { return true; } @Override public boolean isAccountNonLocked() { return true; } @Override public boolean isCredentialsNonExpired() { return true; } @Override public boolean isEnabled() { return umsAdmin.getStatus().equals(1); } }
添加JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter
在用户名和密码校验前添加的过滤器,如果请求中有jwt的token且有效,会取出token中的用户名,然后调用SpringSecurity的API进行登录操作。
package com.macro.mall.tiny.component; import com.macro.mall.tiny.common.utils.JwtTokenUtil; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value; import org.springframework.security.authentication.UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken; import org.springframework.security.core.context.SecurityContextHolder; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetails; import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService; import org.springframework.security.web.authentication.WebAuthenticationDetailsSource; import org.springframework.web.filter.OncePerRequestFilter; import javax.servlet.FilterChain; import javax.servlet.ServletException; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest; import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse; import java.io.IOException; /** * JWT登录授权过滤器 * Created by macro on 2018/4/26. */ public class JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter extends OncePerRequestFilter { private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(JwtAuthenticationTokenFilter.class); @Autowired private UserDetailsService userDetailsService; @Autowired private JwtTokenUtil jwtTokenUtil; @Value("${jwt.tokenHeader}") private String tokenHeader; @Value("${jwt.tokenHead}") private String tokenHead; @Override protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws ServletException, IOException { String authHeader = request.getHeader(this.tokenHeader); if (authHeader != null && authHeader.startsWith(this.tokenHead)) { String authToken = authHeader.substring(this.tokenHead.length());// The part after "Bearer " String username = jwtTokenUtil.getUserNameFromToken(authToken); LOGGER.info("checking username:{}", username); if (username != null && SecurityContextHolder.getContext().getAuthentication() == null) { UserDetails userDetails = this.userDetailsService.loadUserByUsername(username); if (jwtTokenUtil.validateToken(authToken, userDetails)) { UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken authentication = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(userDetails, null, userDetails.getAuthorities()); authentication.setDetails(new WebAuthenticationDetailsSource().buildDetails(request)); LOGGER.info("authenticated user:{}", username); SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authentication); } } } chain.doFilter(request, response); } }
项目源码地址 github.com/macrozheng/…
mall持续更新地址:https://github.com/macrozheng/mall
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