Python实现mysql数据库中的SQL文件生成和导入
作者：有情怀的机械男
这篇文章主要介绍了Python实现mysql数据库中的SQL文件生成和导入，首先通过将mysql数据导出到SQL文件中展开详细内容需要的小伙伴可以参考一下
1、将mysql数据导出到SQL文件中（数据库存在的情况）
主要需要修改数据库的相关信息，端口号、用户名、密码等
其中数据库得存在，不然会报错 ：
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
# @description:导出数据库文件sql
import os
class InitSql(object):
sql_file = "A.sql"
def import_server_db(self):
mysqldump_commad_dict = {'dumpcommad': 'mysqldump ', 'server': 'localhost', 'user': 'root',
'password': 'root', 'port': 3306, 'db': 'studentmanagersystem'}
# mysqldump 命令
sqlfromat = "mysqldump --column-statistics=0 -h%s -u%s -p%s -P%s %s > %s"
# 生成相应的sql语句
sql = (sqlfromat % (mysqldump_commad_dict['server'],
mysqldump_commad_dict['user'],
mysqldump_commad_dict['password'],
mysqldump_commad_dict['port'],
mysqldump_commad_dict['db'],
self.sql_file))
print("执行的导出数据库的sql：" + sql)
result = os.system(sql)
return result
if __name__ == '__main__':
initSql = InitSql()
initSql.import_server_db()生成的sql文件如下所示：
-- MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 8.0.29, for Win64 (x86_64)
--
-- Host: localhost Database: studentmanagersystem
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version 8.0.29
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!50503 SET NAMES utf8mb4 */;
/*!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE='+00:00' */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;
--
-- Table structure for table `studenttable`
--
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `studenttable`;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client */;
/*!50503 SET character_set_client = utf8mb4 */;
CREATE TABLE `studenttable` (
`number` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci NOT NULL,
`name` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
`sex` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
`classes` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
`floor` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
`room` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
`tel` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
`money` varchar(255) CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`number`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 COLLATE=utf8mb4_0900_ai_ci ROW_FORMAT=DYNAMIC;
/*!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;
--
-- Dumping data for table `studenttable`
--
LOCK TABLES `studenttable` WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `studenttable` DISABLE KEYS */;
INSERT INTO `studenttable` VALUES ('2201','刘同学','男','1班','A1','101','1112','30'),('2202','张同学','男','2班','A2','211','1121','13'),('2203','管同学','女','2班','A3','121','1122','11'),('2204','管同学','女','2班','A3','121','1122','11'),('2205','刘同学','女','2班','A3','121','1122','11'),('2206','张同学','男','2班','A2','211','1121','13'),('2208','杨同学','男','1班','A1','101','1112','30'),('2209','蔡同学','男','1班','A1','101','1112','30');
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `studenttable` ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;
/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE */;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS */;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;
-- Dump completed on 2022-06-05 0:30:032、将现有的sql文件数据导入到数据库中（前提数据库存在）
这里的话其实就是将SQL文件进行分割成一条条SQL语句，然后顺序执行即可
import pymysql
from pathlib import Path
class ConnectMsql:
def __init__(self, host='localhost', port=3306, user='root',
password='root', database="studentmanagersystem", filename: str = "studenttable.sql"):
"""
:param host: 域名
:param port: 端口
:param user: 用户名
:param password: 密码
:param database: 数据库名
:param filename: 文件名称
"""
self._host: str = host
self._port: int = port
self._user: str = user
self._password: str = password
self._database: str = database
self._file_path = Path(__file__).parent.joinpath(filename)
def _show_databases_and_create(self):
"""
查询数据库是否存在，不存在则进行新建操作
:return:
"""
connection = pymysql.connect(host=self._host, port=self._port, user=self._user, password=self._password,
cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
with connection:
with connection.cursor() as cursor:
cursor.execute('show databases;')
result = cursor.fetchall()
results = self._database not in tuple(x["Database"] for x in result)
if results:
with connection.cursor() as cursor:
cursor.execute(f'create database {self._database};')
with connection.cursor() as cursor:
cursor.execute('show databases;')
result = cursor.fetchall()
results = self._database in tuple(x["Database"] for x in result)
return results if results else result
else:
return True
def _export_databases_data(self):
"""
读取.sql文件，解析处理后，执行sql语句
:return:
"""
if self._show_databases_and_create() is True:
connection = pymysql.connect(host=self._host, port=self._port, user=self._user, password=self._password,
database=self._database, charset='utf8')
# 读取sql文件，并提取出sql语句
results, results_list = "", []
with open(self._file_path, mode="r+", encoding="utf-8") as r:
for sql in r.readlines():
# 去除数据中的“\n”和“\r”字符
sql = sql.replace("\n", "").replace("\r", "")
# 获取不是“--”开头且不是“--”结束的数据
if not sql.startswith("--") and not sql.endswith("--"):
# 获取不是“--”的数据
if not sql.startswith("--"):
results = results + sql
# 根据“;”分割数据，处理后插入列表中
for i in results.split(";"):
if i.startswith("/*"):
results_list.append(i.split("*/")[1] + ";")
# print(i.split("*/")[1] + ";")
else:
results_list.append(i + ";")
# print(i + ";")
# 执行sql语句
with connection:
with connection.cursor() as cursor:
# 循环获取sql语句
for x in results_list[:-1]:
if x != ";":
print(x)
# 执行sql语句
cursor.execute(x)
# 提交事务
connection.commit()
else:
return "sql全部语句执行成功 ！"
@property
def sql_run(self):
"""
执行方法
:return:
"""
return self._export_databases_data()
if __name__ == '__main__':
res = ConnectMsql().sql_run
print(res)利用Navicat软件可视化数据库，可以看到导入SQL文件成功
3、利用Navicat导出SQL文件和导入SQL文件
1）从数据库导出SQL文件
选择需要导出的数据表——右键——转储为SQL文件——数据和结构
这样就可以将数据表的结构和数据都一起保存在SQL文件中
2）导入SQL文件到数据库
右键选中需要导入的数据库——运行SQL文件
点击开始后，即开始运行SQL文件，出现下述字样表明导入SQL文件成功
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