Python实现各种邮件发送
作者:wx5ad774e6965c3
这篇文章主要介绍了Python实现各种邮件发送,Python内置对SMTP的支持,可以发送纯文本邮件、HTML邮件以及带附件的邮件,下文详细实现过程需要的小伙伴可以参考一下
前言:
Python内置对SMTP的支持,可以发送纯文本邮件、HTML邮件以及带附件的邮件。
Python对SMTP支持有smtplib和email两个模块,email负责构造邮件,smtplib负责发送邮件。
一、发送纯文本内容
代码如下:
# 引入相应的模块 import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase from email import encoders from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr class SendMail(object): def __init__(self): self.fromUser = "xxxxxx@qq.com" self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx" # 此处是qq邮箱授权码, 不是登录密码 self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com" # 构造邮件结构 # toAddrs 收件人可以是多个,["xxx@qq.com","xxx@qq.com"], subject 邮件的主题, msg 邮件的内容 def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg): # 邮件对象: mailMsg = MIMEMultipart() mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject) mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理员 <%s>" % self.fromUser) mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs) # 邮件正文是MIMEText : mailMsg.attach(MIMEText(msg, 'html', 'utf-8')) return mailMsg.as_string() # 发送邮件 def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg): mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg) # 连接服务器发送邮件 try: server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465) server.connect(self.smtpAddr) # 连接smtp服务器 server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd) # 登录邮箱 server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string) # 发送邮件 server.quit() except Exception: print("Error: unable to send email") a = SendMail() a.sendMail(["381347268@qq.com", "44934875@qq.com"], "测试主题", "测试内容")
效果图:
二、发送附件图片
代码如下:
如果Email中要加上附件怎么办?带附件的邮件可以看做包含若干部分的邮件:文本和各个附件本身,所以,可以构造一个MIMEMultipart对象代表邮件本身,然后往里面加上一个MIMEText作为邮件正文,再继续往里面加上表示附件的MIMEBase对象即可:
其实就是打开图片并引入(加上这段内容)
with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\favicon.png", "rb") as f: # 设置附件的MIME和文件名,这里是png类型: mime = MIMEBase("image", "png", filename="test.png") # 加上必要的头信息: mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png') mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>') mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0') # 把附件的内容读进来: mime.set_payload(f.read()) # 用Base64编码: encoders.encode_base64(mime) # 添加到MIMEMultipart: mailMsg.attach(mime)
发送附件图片 (完整代码如下:)
# 引入相应的模块 import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase from email import encoders from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr class SendMail(object): def __init__(self): self.fromUser = "xxxxxx@qq.com" self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx" # 此处是qq邮箱授权码, 不是登录密码 self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com" # 构造邮件结构 # toAddrs 收件人可以是多个,["xxx@qq.com","xxx@qq.com"], subject 邮件的主题, msg 邮件的内容 def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg): # 邮件对象: mailMsg = MIMEMultipart() mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject) mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理员 <%s>" % self.fromUser) mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs) # 邮件正文是MIMEText : mailMsg.attach(MIMEText(msg, 'html', 'utf-8')) # 发送图片附件, 需要用到附件对象MIMEBase对象, 需要引入from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase # 添加附件就是加上一个MIMEBase,从本地读取一个图片: with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\favicon.png", "rb") as f: # 设置附件的MIME和文件名,这里是png类型: mime = MIMEBase("image", "png", filename="test.png") # 加上必要的头信息: mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png') mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>') mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0') # 把附件的内容读进来: mime.set_payload(f.read()) # 用Base64编码: encoders.encode_base64(mime) # 添加到MIMEMultipart: mailMsg.attach(mime) return mailMsg.as_string() # 发送邮件 def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg): mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg) # 连接服务器发送邮件 try: server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465) server.connect(self.smtpAddr) # 连接smtp服务器 server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd) # 登录邮箱 server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string) # 发送邮件 server.quit() except Exception: print("Error: unable to send email") a = SendMail() a.sendMail(["381347268@qq.com", "44934875@qq.com"], "测试主题", "测试内容")
效果图:
如果要把一个图片嵌入到邮件正文中怎么做?直接在HTML邮件中链接图片地址行不行?答案是,大部分邮件服务商都会自动屏蔽带有外链的图片,因为不知道这些链接是否指向恶意网站。
要把图片嵌入到邮件正文中,我们只需按照发送附件的方式,先把邮件作为附件添加进去,然后,在HTML中通过引用src="cid:0"就可以把附件作为图片嵌入了。如果有多个图片,给它们依次编号,然后引用不同的cid:x即可。
其实就是将MIMEText 格式改变一下:
mailMsg.attach(MIMEText('<html><body><h1>%s</h1>' % (msg) + '<p><img src="cid:0"></p>' + '</body></html>', 'html','utf-8'))
将附件图片包含在邮件内容中(完整代码如下:)
# 引入相应的模块 import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase from email import encoders from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr class SendMail(object): def __init__(self): self.fromUser = "xxxxxx@qq.com" self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx" # 此处是qq邮箱授权码, 不是登录密码 self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com" # 构造邮件结构 # toAddrs 收件人可以是多个,["xxx@qq.com","xxx@qq.com"], subject 邮件的主题, msg 邮件的内容 def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg): # 邮件对象: mailMsg = MIMEMultipart() mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject) mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理员 <%s>" % self.fromUser) mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs) # 邮件正文是MIMEText : # 加载图片并引入到邮件内容中来 mailMsg.attach(MIMEText('<html><body><h1>%s</h1>' % (msg) + '<p><img src="cid:0"></p>' + '</body></html>', 'html','utf-8')) # 发送图片附件, 需要用到附件对象MIMEBase对象, 需要引入from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase # 添加附件就是加上一个MIMEBase,从本地读取一个图片: with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\favicon.png", "rb") as f: # 设置附件的MIME和文件名,这里是png类型: mime = MIMEBase("image", "png", filename="test.png") # 加上必要的头信息: mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.png') mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>') mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0') # 把附件的内容读进来: mime.set_payload(f.read()) # 用Base64编码: encoders.encode_base64(mime) # 添加到MIMEMultipart: mailMsg.attach(mime) return mailMsg.as_string() # 发送邮件 def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg): mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg) # 连接服务器发送邮件 try: server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465) server.connect(self.smtpAddr) # 连接smtp服务器 server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd) # 登录邮箱 server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string) # 发送邮件 server.quit() except Exception: print("Error: unable to send email") a = SendMail() a.sendMail(["381347268@qq.com", "44934875@qq.com"], "测试主题", "测试内容")
效果图:
三、发送纯文本附件
代码如下:
# 引入相应的模块 import smtplib from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase from email import encoders from email.utils import parseaddr, formataddr class SendMail(object): def __init__(self): self.fromUser = "xxxxxx@qq.com" self.userPasswd = "xxxxxx" # 此处是qq邮箱授权码, 不是登录密码 self.smtpAddr = "smtp.qq.com" # 构造邮件结构 # toAddrs 收件人可以是多个,["xxx@qq.com","xxx@qq.com"], subject 邮件的主题, msg 邮件的内容 def mailStructure(self, toAddrs, subject, msg): # 邮件对象: mailMsg = MIMEMultipart() mailMsg['Subject'] = ("Hello <%s>" % subject) mailMsg['From'] = ("Python管理员 <%s>" % self.fromUser) mailMsg['To'] = ','.join(toAddrs) # 邮件正文是MIMEText : mailMsg.attach(MIMEText(msg, 'html', 'utf-8')) # 发送文件附件, 需要用到附件对象MIMEBase对象, 需要引入from email.mime.multipart import MIMEBase # 添加附件就是加上一个MIMEBase,从本地读取一个文件: with open(r"C:\Users\YJ\Desktop\aaa.txt", "rb") as f: # 设置附件的MIME和文件名,这里是png类型: mime = MIMEBase("txta", "txt", filename="test.txt") # 加上必要的头信息: mime.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename='test.txt') mime.add_header('Content-ID', '<0>') mime.add_header('X-Attachment-Id', '0') # 把附件的内容读进来: mime.set_payload(f.read()) # 用Base64编码: encoders.encode_base64(mime) # 添加到MIMEMultipart: mailMsg.attach(mime) return mailMsg.as_string() # 发送邮件 def sendMail(self, toAddrs, subject, msg): mailMsg_as_string = self.mailStructure(toAddrs, subject, msg) # 连接服务器发送邮件 try: server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtpAddr, 465) server.connect(self.smtpAddr) # 连接smtp服务器 server.login(self.fromUser, self.userPasswd) # 登录邮箱 server.sendmail(self.fromUser, toAddrs, mailMsg_as_string) # 发送邮件 server.quit() except Exception: print("Error: unable to send email") a = SendMail() a.sendMail(["381347268@qq.com", "44934875@qq.com"], "测试主题", "测试内容")
效果图:
四、发送excel表格附件
代码如下:
#! /usr/bin/env python # _*_ coding: utf-8 _*_ import smtplib, time from email.mime.text import MIMEText from email.mime.multipart import MIMEMultipart class EmailSender(object): def __init__(self): self.sender_user = 'ryb.monitor@yottacloud.cn' #发件人邮箱地址 self.sender_password = 'xxxxxxxxxx' #发件人邮箱密码 self.smtp_server_addr = 'smtp.exmail.qq.com' #smtp服务器地址 self.smtp_server_port = 465 #smtp服务器端口 def main_email(self, text, xlsx_path, xlsx_name): ''' 邮件主题,包含邮件正文 + excel 附件 Args: text:邮件正文内容 xlsx_path: excel文件路径 xlsx_name: excel文件,例如a.xlsx Returns: 返回要发送的数据,正文和附件 ''' msg =MIMEMultipart() #添加纯文本,邮件文本内容,字符串格式 text_msg = MIMEText(text, 'html', 'utf-8') msg.attach(text_msg) #将xlsx文件作为内容发送到对方的邮箱读取excel,rb形式读取,对于MIMEText()来说默认的编码形式是base64 对于二进制文件来说没有设置base64,会出现乱码 excel_msg = MIMEText(open(xlsx_path, 'rb').read(), 'base64', 'utf-8') #设置文件再附件当中的名字 excel_msg.add_header('Content-Disposition', 'attachment', filename=('gbk', '', xlsx_name)) #添加到邮件内容msg中 msg.attach(excel_msg) return msg def login_email(self): server = smtplib.SMTP_SSL(self.smtp_server_addr, self.smtp_server_port) #连接smtp服务器 server.connect(self.smtp_server_addr) #连接smtp服务器 result = server.login(self.sender_user, self.sender_password) #登陆邮箱 print("登陆结果: ", result) return server def send_email(self, title, to_receiver, msg): ''' 发送邮件 Args: title: 邮件的主题 to_receiver: 收件人邮箱地址,可以是列表 msg: main_email函数返回的邮件主体 Returns: ''' server = self.login_email() msg['Subject'] = title msg['From'] = self.sender_user msg['To'] = ','.join(to_receiver) msg['Accept-Language']='zh-CN' msg['Accept-Charset']='ISO-8859-1,utf-8' server.sendmail(self.sender_user, to_receiver, msg.as_string()) #发送邮件 sed_mail = EmailSender() text = time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d') + "数据统计" msg = sed_mail.main_email(text, r'小程序日报V2.0(试行版).xlsx', '小程序日报.xlsx') sed_mail.send_email(title='数据统计', to_receiver=['yanjie.li@yottacloud.cn', '381347268@qq.com'], msg=ms
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