Java原生HttpClient的使用详解
作者:农民工老王
Java开发语言中实现HTTP请求的方法主要有两种:一种是JAVA的标准类HttpUrlConnection,比较原生的实现方法;另一种是第三方开源框架HTTPClient。本文就将详细讲讲Java中原生HttpClient的使用,需要的可以参考一下
提到Java发送HTTP请求,大家首先想到的是用apache的HttpClient,或者squareup的OkHttp。而在Java11之前,原生Java对此的支持还是比较差的,虽然可以HttpURLConnection、URLConnection、Socket等自带的类发送请求,但是操作比较复杂。直到Java11发布,Java本身也自带了HttpClient。自2020年初,我就在开发中广泛使用了这一新特性,感觉使用体验也还可以。现总结成博客,供大家参考。
1.信任证书管理类
package cn.wja.component; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; import javax.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; class MyX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager { @Override public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) { } @Override public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] x509Certificates, String s) { } @Override public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() { return null; } public static TrustManager[] getTrustManagers() { TrustManager[] trustAllCertificates = {new MyX509TrustManager()}; return trustAllCertificates; } }
2.HttpClient类
package cn.wja.component; import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext; import javax.net.ssl.SSLParameters; import javax.net.ssl.TrustManager; import java.net.http.HttpClient; import java.security.KeyManagementException; import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException; import java.security.SecureRandom; import java.time.Duration; public class MyHttpClient { static public HttpClient getClient() throws NoSuchAlgorithmException, KeyManagementException { TrustManager[] trustManagers = MyX509TrustManager.getTrustManagers(); var timeoutInSeconds = 60; SSLParameters sslParams = new SSLParameters(); sslParams.setEndpointIdentificationAlgorithm(""); SSLContext sc = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL"); //取消主机名验证 System.setProperty("jdk.internal.httpclient.disableHostnameVerification", "true"); sc.init(null, trustManagers, new SecureRandom()); return HttpClient.newBuilder() .connectTimeout(Duration.ofMillis(timeoutInSeconds * 1000)) .sslContext(sc) .sslParameters(sslParams) .followRedirects(HttpClient.Redirect.NEVER) .version(HttpClient.Version.HTTP_2) .build(); } }
3.发送请求工具类
package cn.wja.util; import cn.wja.component.MyHttpClient; import java.net.URI; import java.net.http.HttpClient; import java.net.http.HttpRequest; import java.net.http.HttpResponse; import static java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8; public class HttpUtils { public static HttpResponse<String> sendGet(String urlStr, String cookieStr) throws Exception { HashMap<String, String> hashMap = new HashMap<>(); hashMap.put("Cookie",cookieStr); return sendGet(urlStr,hashMap); } public static HttpResponse<String> sendGet(String urlStr, Map<String,String> headers) throws KeyManagementException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, IOException, InterruptedException { HttpClient client = MyHttpClient.getClient(); HttpRequest.Builder reqBuilder = getReqBuilder(urlStr); reqBuilder.GET(); for (String key:headers.keySet()){ reqBuilder.header(key, headers.get(key)); } HttpRequest request = reqBuilder.build(); HttpResponse<String> result = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString(UTF_8)); return result; } private static HttpResponse<String> sendPost(String contentType, String urlStr, String bodyStr, String cookieStr) throws Exception { HttpClient client = MyHttpClient.getClient(); HttpRequest.Builder reqBuilder = getReqBuilder(urlStr); HttpRequest.BodyPublisher bodyPublisher = HttpRequest.BodyPublishers.ofString(bodyStr); reqBuilder.header("Content-Type", contentType) .POST(bodyPublisher) .header("Cookie", cookieStr); HttpRequest request = reqBuilder.build(); HttpResponse<String> result = client.send(request, HttpResponse.BodyHandlers.ofString(UTF_8)); return result; } public static HttpResponse<String> sendFormPost(String urlStr, String formStr, String cookieStr) throws Exception { return sendPost("application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=utf-8", urlStr, formStr, cookieStr); } public static HttpResponse<String> sendJsonPost(String urlStr, String jsonStr, String cookieStr) throws Exception { return sendPost("application/json;charset=utf-8", urlStr, jsonStr, cookieStr); } public static HttpRequest.Builder getReqBuilder(String urlStr) { return HttpRequest.newBuilder() .uri(URI.create(urlStr)) .header("User-Agent", "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:96.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/96.0"); } }
4.测试
测试表明,通过调用工具类方法,可以直接发送GET请求和带Form表单/Json的POST请求。如果您要发送其他形式的HTTP请求,也可以参照上述代码自行实现。
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