Python处理日期和时间的方法总结
作者：电力系统与算法之美
1 简单入门
1.1 获取当前时间
import datetime datetime_object = datetime.datetime.now() print(datetime_object)
输出
2022-03-29 16:36:44.749582
Process finished with exit code 0
1.2 获取当前日期
import datetime date_object = datetime.date.today() print(date_object)
输出
2022-03-29
Process finished with exit code 0
1.3 datetime中的类
import datetime print(dir(datetime))
输出
['MAXYEAR', 'MINYEAR', '__all__', '__builtins__', '__cached__', '__doc__', '__file__', '__loader__', '__name__', '__package__', '__spec__', 'date', 'datetime', 'datetime_CAPI', 'sys', 'time', 'timedelta', 'timezone', 'tzinfo']
Process finished with exit code 0
2 datetime中的常用的类
- date类
- time类
- datetime类
- timedelta类
2.1 date类
（1）示例化date对象
import datetime d = datetime.date(2022, 3, 29) print(d)
输出
2022-03-29
Process finished with exit code 0
（2）获取当前日期
from datetime import date
today = date.today()
print("当前日期 =", today)
输出
当前日期 = 2022-03-29
Process finished with exit code 0
（3）从时间戳获取日期
我们还可以从时间戳创建日期对象。Unix时间戳是特定日期到UTC的1970年1月1日之间的秒数。可以使用fromtimestamp()方法将时间戳转换为日期。
from datetime import date
timestamp = date.fromtimestamp(1576244364)
print("日期 =", timestamp)
输出
日期 = 2019-12-13
Process finished with exit code 0
（4）打印今天的年，月和日
from datetime import date
# 今天的日期对象
today = date.today()
print("当前年:", today.year)
print("当前月:", today.month)
print("当前日:", today.day)
输出
当前年: 2022
当前月: 3
当前日: 29
Process finished with exit code 0
2.2 time类
（1）从time类示例化的时间对象表示本地时间。
from datetime import time
# time(hour = 0, minute = 0, second = 0)
a = time()
print("a =", a)
# time(hour, minute and second)
b = time(11, 34, 56)
print("b =", b)
# time(hour, minute and second)
c = time(hour = 11, minute = 34, second = 56)
print("c =", c)
# time(hour, minute, second, microsecond)
d = time(11, 34, 56, 234566)
print("d =", d)输出
a = 00:00:00
b = 11:34:56
c = 11:34:56
d = 11:34:56.234566
Process finished with exit code 0
（2）打印时，分，秒和微秒
from datetime import time
a = time(11, 34, 56)
print("小时=", a.hour)
print("分钟=", a.minute)
print("秒=", a.second)
print("微秒=", a.microsecond)
输出
小时= 11
分钟= 34
秒= 56
微秒= 0
Process finished with exit code 0
2.3 datetime类
（1）datetime模块有一个名为的dateclass类，可以包含来自date和time对象的信息。
from datetime import datetime #datetime(year, month, day) a = datetime(2019, 11, 28) print(a) # datetime(year, month, day, hour, minute, second, microsecond) b = datetime(2019, 11, 28, 23, 55, 59, 342380) print(b)
输出
2019-11-28 00:00:00
2019-11-28 23:55:59.342380
Process finished with exit code 0
（2）打印年，月，时，分和时间戳
from datetime import datetime
a = datetime(2022, 3, 29, 23, 55, 59, 342380)
print("年 =", a.year)
print("月 =", a.month)
print("日 =", a.day)
print("时 =", a.hour)
print("份 =", a.minute)
print("时间戳 =", a.timestamp())
输出
年 = 2022
月 = 3
日 = 29
时 = 23
份 = 55
时间戳 = 1648569359.34238
Process finished with exit code 0
2.4 datetime.timedelta类
（1）timedelta对象表示两个日期或时间之间的时差。
from datetime import datetime, date
t1 = date(year = 2018, month = 7, day = 12)
t2 = date(year = 2017, month = 12, day = 23)
t3 = t1 - t2
print("t3 =", t3)
t4 = datetime(year = 2018, month = 7, day = 12, hour = 7, minute = 9, second = 33)
t5 = datetime(year = 2019, month = 6, day = 10, hour = 5, minute = 55, second = 13)
t6 = t4 - t5
print("t6 =", t6)
print("type of t3 =", type(t3))
print("type of t6 =", type(t6))
输出
t3 = 201 days, 0:00:00
t6 = -333 days, 1:14:20
type of t3 = <class 'datetime.timedelta'>
type of t6 = <class 'datetime.timedelta'>
Process finished with exit code 0
（2）两个timedelta对象之间的时间差
from datetime import timedelta
t1 = timedelta(weeks = 2, days = 5, hours = 1, seconds = 33)
t2 = timedelta(days = 4, hours = 11, minutes = 4, seconds = 54)
t3 = t1 - t2
print("t3 =", t3)
输出
t3 = 14 days, 13:55:39
Process finished with exit code 0
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