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Python进行Restful API开发实例详解

作者:Bulut0907

这篇文章主要介绍了Python进行Restful API开发实例,本文给大家介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或工作具有一定的参考借鉴价值,需要的朋友可以参考下

1. Flask-RESTful

1.安装pip依赖

[root@bigdata001 ~]#
[root@bigdata001 ~]# pip3 install flask
[root@bigdata001 ~]#
[root@bigdata001 ~]# pip3 install flask_restful
[root@bigdata001 ~]#

2.运行程序如下:

#!/usr/bin/python3
from flask import Flask
from flask_restful import Resource, Api, reqparse
host = '0.0.0.0'
port = 5600
app = Flask(__name__)
api = Api(app)
class HelloWorld(Resource):
    def __init__(self):
        self.parser = reqparse.RequestParser()
        self.parser.add_argument("key1", type = str)
        self.parser.add_argument("key2", type = str)
    def get(self):
        data = self.parser.parse_args()
        value1 = data.get("key1")
        value2 = data.get("key2")
        return {'hello':'world', value1:value2}
api.add_resource(HelloWorld, '/query')
if __name__ == '__main__':
    app.run(host = host, port = port, debug = True)

3.请求URL: http://192.168.23.21:5600/query?key1=fruit&key2=apple

4.查看Web页面返回结果如下:

{
    "hello": "world",
    "fruit": "apple"
}

2. fastapi + nacos服务注册

1.安装pip依赖

[root@bigdata001 ~]#
[root@bigdata001 ~]# pip install fastapi
[root@bigdata001 ~]#
[root@bigdata001 ~]# pip install uvicorn
[root@bigdata001 ~]#
[root@bigdata001 ~]# pip3 install nacos-sdk-python
[root@bigdata001 ~]#

2.router模块程序如下:

from typing import Optional
from fastapi import APIRouter, Query, Path
fastapi_router=APIRouter()
@fastapi_router.get(path="/")
async def read_root():
    return {"Hello": "World"}
@fastapi_router.get(path = "/items/{my_item_id}",
                    summary='路径测试',
                    description='路径测试',
                    tags=['测试模块'],
                    response_description='{"my_item_id": my_item_id, "q": q}')
async def read_item(my_item_id: int=Path(None, description="我的item id"),
                    q: Optional[str] = Query(None, description="查询参数")):
    return {"my_item_id": my_item_id, "q": q}

3.app模块程序如下:

import nacos
from fastapi import FastAPI
import fastapi_router
def register_server_to_nacos():
    nacos_server_addresses = '192.168.8.246:8848'
    nacos_namespace = 'public'
    nacos_user = 'xxxxxx'
    nacos_password = '123456'
    nacos_cluster_name = 'DEFAULT'
    nacos_group_name = 'DEFAULT_GROUP'
    nacos_project_service_name = 'data-quality-system'
    nacos_project_service_ip = '192.168.8.111'
    nacos_project_service_port = 6060
    
    client = nacos.NacosClient(nacos_server_addresses,
                               namespace=nacos_namespace,
                               username=nacos_user,
                               password=nacos_password)
    client.add_naming_instance(nacos_project_service_name,
                               nacos_project_service_ip,
                               nacos_project_service_port,
                               cluster_name = nacos_cluster_name,
                               weight = 1,
                               metadata = None,
                               enable = True,
                               healthy = True,
                               ephemeral = False,
                               group_name = nacos_group_name)
    client.send_heartbeat(nacos_project_service_name,
                          nacos_project_service_ip,
                          nacos_project_service_port,
                          cluster_name=nacos_cluster_name,
                          weight=1,
                          metadata=None,
                          ephemeral=False,
                          group_name=nacos_group_name)
app = FastAPI(title='my_fastapi_docs',description='my_fastapi_docs')
app.include_router(router=fastapi_router.fastapi_router)
if __name__ == '__main__':
	register_server_to_nacos()
	
    import uvicorn
    uvicorn.run(app=app, host="0.0.0.0",port=8080, workers=1)

4.请求URL: http://192.168.43.50:8080/items/6?q=fastapi

5.查看Web页面返回结果如下:

{"my_item_id":6,"q":"fastapi"}

查看fastapi docs路径:http://192.168.43.50:8080/docs,结果如下:

fastapi doc

tag部分

response

查看nacos页面如下:

nacos服务

服务详情

2.1 post

post代码片段如下:

from pydantic import BaseModel

class Item(BaseModel):
    name: str
    description: Optional[str] = None
    price: float
    tax: Optional[float] = None

@fastapi_router.post("/items/")
async def create_item(item: Item):
    print(item.dict())
    return item

执行requestTest.py

import requests
url = "http://192.168.88.177:6060/items"
data = {
    "name" : "bigdataboy",
    "price": 100,
}
response = requests.post(url=url,json=data)
print(response.json())

post代码片段和requestTest.py的执行结果都是

{'name': 'bigdataboy', 'description': None, 'price': 100.0, 'tax': None}

2.2 get请求接收list参数

get代码片段如下:

from typing import List

@fastapi_router.get(path = "/items/get_list")
async def get_list(id: int = Query(None),
                    names: List[str] = Query(None)
                   ):
    return {"id":id, "names":names}

访问http://192.168.88.177:8080/items/get_list?id=3&names=test1&names=test2,得到的结果如下:

get list的结果

2.3 请求URL进行文件下载

get代码片段如下:

from starlette.responses import FileResponse
@fastapi_router.get(path = "/items/downloadFile")
async def downloadFile():
    return FileResponse('C:\\Users\\dell\\Desktop\\test.txt', filename='test.txt')

访问http://192.168.88.177:8080/items/downloadFile,得到的结果如下:

下载文件

2.4 获取Request Headers的Authorization,并使用JWT解析

使用浏览器F12查看的Authorization如下:

Authorization

以上URL的请求是公司的前端向后端请求数据,只是记录下来,并自己并没有做模拟测试

jwt的安装

from starlette.responses import FileResponse

@fastapi_router.get(path = "/items/downloadFile")
async def downloadFile():
    return FileResponse('C:\\Users\\dell\\Desktop\\test.txt', filename='test.txt')

demo如下:

from fastapi import Request
import jwt
@fastapi_router.get(path = "/items/get_authorization")
async def get_authorization(request:Request,
                       name: str):
                       
    authorization = request.headers.get('authorization')
    token = authorization[7:]
    token_dict = jwt.decode(token, options={"verify_signature": False})
	return token_dict

访问http://192.168.88.177:8080/items/get_authorization?name=zhang_san,得到的结果如下:

{
'key1': value1, 
'key2': 'value2'
}

到此这篇关于Python进行Restful API开发实例的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Python Restful API开发内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!

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