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python超详细实现完整学生成绩管理系统

2022-03-17 11:04:15 作者：hacker707

读万卷书不如行万里路，只学书上的理论是远远不够的，只有在实战中才能获得能力的提升，本篇文章手把手带你用Java实现一个完整版学生成绩管理系统,大家可以在过程中查缺补漏，提升水平

学生成绩管理系统简介

一个带有登录界面具有增减改查功能的学生成绩管理系统(面向对象思想，利用tkinter库进行制作，利用.txt文件进行存储数据)

源代码

✅仅供学习参考，最好还是自己多敲多练习(实践是检验真理的唯一标准)

students.txt

用于存储数据

main.py

from tkinter import *
from Login import *
import tkinter as tk

root = tk.Tk()
root.title('欢迎进入学生成绩管理系统')
LoginPage(root)
root.mainloop()

Login.py

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import *
from MenuPage import *


class LoginPage(object):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        self.root = master  # 定义内部变量root
        self.root.geometry('%dx%d' % (300, 180))  # 设置窗口大小
        self.username = StringVar()
        self.password = StringVar()
        self.createPage()

    def createPage(self):
        self.page = Frame(self.root)  # 创建Frame
        self.page.pack()
        Label(self.page).grid(row=0, stick=W)
        Label(self.page, text='账户: ').grid(row=1, stick=W, pady=10)
        Entry(self.page, textvariable=self.username).grid(row=1, column=1, stick=E)
        Label(self.page, text='密码: ').grid(row=2, stick=W, pady=10)
        Entry(self.page, textvariable=self.password, show='*').grid(row=2, column=1, stick=E)
        Button(self.page, text='登陆', command=self.loginCheck).grid(row=3, stick=W, pady=10)
        Button(self.page, text='退出', command=self.page.quit).grid(row=3, column=1, stick=E)

    def loginCheck(self):
        name = self.username.get()
        password = self.password.get()
        if name == 'hacker707' and password == 'admin':
            self.page.destroy()
            MenuPage(self.root)
        else:
            showinfo(title='错误', message='账号或密码错误！')

db.py

import json


class StudentDB(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self.students = []
        self._load_students_data()

    def insert(self, student):
        self.students.append(student)
        print(self.students)

    def all(self):
        return self.students

    def delete_by_name(self, name):  # 删除数据
        for student in self.students:
            if name == student["name"]:
                self.students.remove(student)
                break
        else:
            return False
        return True

    # 查询
    def search_by_name(self, name):
        for student in self.students:
            if name == student["name"]:
                return student  # 姓名+成绩
        else:
            return False

    # 修改
    def update(self, stu):  # 修改数据
        name = stu["name"]
        for student in self.students:
            if name == student["name"]:
                student.update(stu)
                return True
        else:
            return False

    # 加载文件
    def _load_students_data(self):
        with open("students.txt", "r", encoding="utf-8") as f:
            text = f.read()
        if text:
            self.students = json.loads(text)

    # 保存数据
    def save_data(self):
        with open("students.txt", 'w', encoding="utf-8") as f:
            text = json.dumps(self.students, ensure_ascii=False)
            f.write(text)


db = StudentDB()

MenuPage.py

import tkinter as tk
from view import *


class MenuPage(object):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        self.root = master
        self.root.geometry('%dx%d' % (600, 400))
        self.create_page()
        self.input_page = InputFrame(self.root)
        self.query_page = QuerryFrame(self.root)
        self.delete_page = DeleteFrame(self.root)
        self.update_page = UpdateFrame(self.root)
        self.about_page = AboutFrame(self.root)
        self.input_page.pack()

    def create_page(self):
        # 创建菜单对象
        menubar = tk.Menu(self.root)
        # add_command 添加
        menubar.add_command(label="录入", command=self.input_data)  # label
        menubar.add_command(label="查询", command=self.query_data)  # label
        menubar.add_command(label="删除", command=self.delete_data)  # label
        menubar.add_command(label="修改", command=self.update_data)  # label
        menubar.add_command(label="关于", command=self.about_data)  # label
        # 设置菜单栏
        self.root.config(menu=menubar)

    # 切换界面
    def input_data(self):
        self.input_page.pack()
        self.update_page.pack_forget()
        self.delete_page.pack_forget()
        self.about_page.pack_forget()
        self.query_page.pack_forget()

    def query_data(self):
        self.input_page.pack_forget()
        self.query_page.pack()
        self.update_page.pack_forget()
        self.delete_page.pack_forget()
        self.about_page.pack_forget()

    def update_data(self):
        self.input_page.pack_forget()
        self.update_page.pack()
        self.delete_page.pack_forget()
        self.about_page.pack_forget()
        self.query_page.pack_forget()

    def delete_data(self):
        self.input_page.pack_forget()
        self.update_page.pack_forget()
        self.delete_page.pack()
        self.about_page.pack_forget()
        self.query_page.pack_forget()

    def about_data(self):
        self.input_page.pack_forget()
        self.update_page.pack_forget()
        self.delete_page.pack_forget()
        self.about_page.pack()
        self.query_page.pack_forget()

view.py

import tkinter as tk
from db import db
from tkinter import ttk


# 录入类
class InputFrame(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.root = master
        self.name = tk.StringVar()
        self.math = tk.StringVar()
        self.chinese = tk.StringVar()
        self.english = tk.StringVar()
        self.status = tk.StringVar()
        self.create_page()

    def create_page(self):
        tk.Label(self).grid(row=0, stick=tk.W, pady=10)
        tk.Label(self, text="姓名:").grid(row=1, stick=tk.W, pady=10)
        # 单行文本框 entry，textvariable绑定变量
        tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.name).grid(row=1, column=1, stick=tk.E)

        tk.Label(self, text="数学:").grid(row=2, stick=tk.W, pady=10)
        # 单行文本框 entry，textvariable绑定变量
        tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.math).grid(row=2, column=1, stick=tk.E)

        tk.Label(self, text="语文:").grid(row=3, stick=tk.W, pady=10)
        # 单行文本框 entry，textvariable绑定变量
        tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.chinese).grid(row=3, column=1, stick=tk.E)

        tk.Label(self, text="英语:").grid(row=4, stick=tk.W, pady=10)
        # 单行文本框 entry，textvariable绑定变量
        tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.english).grid(row=4, column=1, stick=tk.E)

        tk.Button(self, text="录入", command=self.recode_student).grid(row=5, column=1, stick=tk.E, pady=10)
        tk.Label(self, textvariable=self.status).grid(row=6, column=1, stick=tk.E, pady=10)

    # 录入成绩
    def recode_student(self):
        student = {
            "name": self.name.get(),
            "math": self.math.get(),
            "chinese": self.chinese.get(),
            "english": self.english.get(),
        }  # 一个学生的成绩
        db.insert(student)
        # get()得到值
        # set()设置值
        self.status.set("插入数据成功！")
        self._clear_data()
        db.save_data()

    # 清空文本数据
    def _clear_data(self):
        self.name.set("")
        self.math.set("")
        self.chinese.set("")
        self.english.set("")


# 查询类
class QuerryFrame(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.root = master
        self.create_page()

    # 创建查询界面
    def create_page(self):
        self.create_tree_view()
        self.show_data_frame()
        # grid()
        tk.Button(self, text="刷新数据", command=self.show_data_frame).pack(anchor=tk.E, pady=5)

    # Treeview
    def create_tree_view(self):
        # 表头
        columns = ("name", "chinese", "math", "english")
        self.tree_view = ttk.Treeview(self, show='headings', columns=columns)
        self.tree_view.column("name", width=80, anchor='center')
        self.tree_view.column("chinese", width=80, anchor='center')
        self.tree_view.column("math", width=80, anchor='center')
        self.tree_view.column("english", width=80, anchor='center')
        self.tree_view.heading("name", text='姓名')
        self.tree_view.heading("chinese", text='语文')
        self.tree_view.heading("math", text='数学')
        self.tree_view.heading("english", text='英语')
        self.tree_view.pack()

    # 显示数据
    def show_data_frame(self):
        # 删除原节点 map(int,值）
        for i in map(self.tree_view.delete, self.tree_view.get_children("")):
            pass
        # 拿到列表里面所有值、students[]
        students = db.all()
        # 同时拿到索引跟value值
        for index, stu in enumerate(students):
            self.tree_view.insert('', index, values=(stu["name"], stu["chinese"], stu
            ["math"], stu["english"]))


class DeleteFrame(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        tk.Label(self, text='删除数据').pack()
        self.status = tk.StringVar()
        self.de_name = tk.StringVar()  # 获取删除学生的姓名
        self.create_page()

    # 创建界面
    def create_page(self):
        tk.Label(self, text="根据姓名删除信息").pack(anchor=tk.W, padx=20)
        e1 = tk.Entry(self, textvariable=self.de_name)
        e1.pack(side=tk.LEFT, padx=20, pady=5)

        tk.Button(self, text='删除', command=self._delete).pack(side=tk.RIGHT)
        tk.Label(self, textvariable=self.status).pack()

    # 删除
    def _delete(self):
        name = self.de_name.get()
        print(name)
        result = db.delete_by_name(name)
        if result:
            self.status.set(f'{name}已经被删')
            self.de_name.set("")
        else:
            self.status.set(f'{name}不存在')


class UpdateFrame(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.root = master
        tk.Label(self, text='修改界面').pack()
        self.change_frame = tk.Frame(self)
        self.change_frame.pack()
        self.name = tk.StringVar()
        self.math = tk.StringVar()
        self.chinese = tk.StringVar()
        self.english = tk.StringVar()
        self.status = tk.StringVar()
        self.create_page()

    def create_page(self):
        tk.Label(self.change_frame).grid(row=0, stick=tk.W, pady=10)
        tk.Label(self.change_frame, text="姓名:").grid(row=1, stick=tk.W, pady=10)
        # 单行文本框 entry，textvariable绑定变量
        tk.Entry(self.change_frame, textvariable=self.name).grid(row=1, column=1, stick=tk.E)

        tk.Label(self.change_frame, text="数学:").grid(row=2, stick=tk.W, pady=10)
        # 单行文本框 entry，textvariable绑定变量
        tk.Entry(self.change_frame, textvariable=self.math).grid(row=2, column=1, stick=tk.E)

        tk.Label(self.change_frame, text="语文:").grid(row=3, stick=tk.W, pady=10)
        # 单行文本框 entry，textvariable绑定变量
        tk.Entry(self.change_frame, textvariable=self.chinese).grid(row=3, column=1, stick=tk.E)

        tk.Label(self.change_frame, text="英语:").grid(row=4, stick=tk.W, pady=10)
        # 单行文本框 entry，textvariable绑定变量
        tk.Entry(self.change_frame, textvariable=self.english).grid(row=4, column=1, stick=tk.E)

        # 按钮
        tk.Button(self.change_frame, text='查询', command=self._search).grid(row=6, column=0, stick=tk.W, pady=10)
        tk.Button(self.change_frame, text='修改', command=self._change).grid(row=6, column=1, stick=tk.E, pady=10)

        tk.Label(self.change_frame, textvariable=self.status).grid(row=7, column=1, stick=tk.E, pady=10)

    # 查询
    def _search(self):
        name = self.name.get()
        student = db.search_by_name(name)
        if student:
            self.math.set(student["math"])
            self.chinese.set(student["chinese"])
            self.english.set(student["english"])
            self.status.set(f'查询到{name}同学的信息')
        else:
            self.status.set(f'没有查询到{name}同学的信息')

    #  更改成绩
    def _change(self):
        name = self.name.get()
        math = self.math.get()
        chinese = self.chinese.get()
        english = self.english.get()
        stu = {
            "name": name,
            "math": math,
            "chinese": chinese,
            "english": english,
        }
        r = db.update(stu)
        if r:
            self.status.set(f"{name}同学的信息更新完毕")
        else:
            self.status.set(f"{name}同学的信息更新失败")


class AboutFrame(tk.Frame):
    def __init__(self, master=None):
        super().__init__(master)
        self.root = master
        self.create_page()

    def create_page(self):
        tk.Label(self, text="关于本作品(人生苦短，我用python)").pack(anchor=tk.W)

🔥以上就是使用python实现学生成绩管理系统，如果有改进的建议，欢迎在评论区留言奥~

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