linq中的分组操作符
作者:.NET开发菜鸟
这篇文章介绍了linq中的分组操作符,文中通过示例代码介绍的非常详细。对大家的学习或工作具有一定的参考借鉴价值,需要的朋友可以参考下
分组是根据一个特定的值将序列中的元素进行分组。LINQ只包含一个分组操作符:GroupBy。GroupBy操作符类似于T-SQL语言中的Group By语句。来看看GroupBy的方法定义:
public static IEnumerable<IGrouping<TKey, TSource>> GroupBy<TSource, TKey>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector); public static IEnumerable<IGrouping<TKey, TSource>> GroupBy<TSource, TKey>(this IEnumerable<TSource> source, Func<TSource, TKey> keySelector, IEqualityComparer<TKey> comparer);
从方法定义中可以看出:GroupBy的返回值类型是:IEnumerable<IGrouping<TKey, TSource>>。其元素类型是IGrouping<TKey, TSource>。TKey属性代表了分组时使用的关键值,TSource属性代表了分组之后的元素集合。遍历IGrouping<TKey, TSource>元素可以读取到每一个TSource类型。看下面的例子:
1、定义Product类,其定义如下:
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace GroupOperation { public class Product { public int Id { get; set; } public int CategoryId { get; set; } public string Name { get; set; } public double Price { get; set; } public DateTime CreateTime { get; set; } } }
2、在Main()方法中调用
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace GroupOperation { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { List<Product> listProduct = new List<Product>() { new Product(){Id=1,CategoryId=1, Name="C#高级编程第10版", Price=100.67,CreateTime=DateTime.Now}, new Product(){Id=2,CategoryId=1, Name="Redis开发和运维", Price=69.9,CreateTime=DateTime.Now.AddDays(-19)}, new Product(){Id=3,CategoryId=2, Name="活着", Price=57,CreateTime=DateTime.Now.AddMonths(-3)}, new Product(){Id=4,CategoryId=3, Name="高等数学", Price=97,CreateTime=DateTime.Now.AddMonths(-1)}, new Product(){Id=5,CategoryId=6, Name="国家宝藏", Price=52.8,CreateTime=DateTime.Now.AddMonths(-1)} }; // 查询表达式 var listExpress = from p in listProduct group p by p.CategoryId; Console.WriteLine("输出查询表达式结果"); foreach (var item in listExpress) { Console.WriteLine($"CategoryId:{item.Key}"); foreach(var p in item) { Console.WriteLine($"ProduceName:{p.Name},ProductPrice:{p.Price},PublishTime:{p.CreateTime}"); } } Console.WriteLine("***************************************"); // 查询方法 var listFun = listProduct.GroupBy(p => p.CategoryId); Console.WriteLine("输出方法语法结果"); foreach (var item in listFun) { Console.WriteLine($"CategoryId:{item.Key}"); foreach (var p in item) { Console.WriteLine($"ProduceName:{p.Name},ProductPrice:{p.Price},PublishTime:{p.CreateTime}"); } } Console.ReadKey(); } } }
结果:
下面在来看看多个分组条件的例子。
using System; using System.Collections.Generic; using System.Linq; using System.Text; using System.Threading.Tasks; namespace GroupOperation { class Program { static void Main(string[] args) { List<Product> listProduct = new List<Product>() { new Product(){Id=1,CategoryId=1, Name="C#高级编程第10版", Price=100.67,CreateTime=DateTime.Now}, new Product(){Id=2,CategoryId=1, Name="Redis开发和运维", Price=69.9,CreateTime=DateTime.Now.AddDays(-19)}, new Product(){Id=3,CategoryId=2, Name="活着", Price=57,CreateTime=DateTime.Now.AddMonths(-3)}, new Product(){Id=4,CategoryId=3, Name="高等数学", Price=97,CreateTime=DateTime.Now.AddMonths(-1)}, new Product(){Id=5,CategoryId=6, Name="国家宝藏", Price=52.8,CreateTime=DateTime.Now.AddMonths(-1)} }; // 查询表达式 var list = from p in listProduct group p by new { p.CategoryId, p.Price }; Console.WriteLine("查询表达式方式1输出:"); foreach (var item in list) { Console.WriteLine("key:" + item.Key); foreach (var subItem in item) { Console.WriteLine($"ProduceName:{subItem.Name},ProductPrice:{subItem.Price},PublishTime:{subItem.CreateTime}"); } } var listExpress = from p in listProduct group p by new { p.CategoryId, p.Price } into r // 使用into把数据填充到局部变量r中,然后select筛选数据 select new { key = r.Key, ListGroup = r.ToList() }; Console.WriteLine("查询表达式方式2输出:"); foreach(var item in listExpress) { Console.WriteLine("key:"+item.key); foreach (var subItem in item.ListGroup) { Console.WriteLine($"ProduceName:{subItem.Name},ProductPrice:{subItem.Price},PublishTime:{subItem.CreateTime}"); } } // 方法语法 var listFun = listProduct.GroupBy(p => new { p.CategoryId, p.Price }).Select(g => new { key = g.Key, ListGroup = g.ToList() }); Console.WriteLine("方法语法输出:"); foreach (var item in listFun) { Console.WriteLine("key:" + item.key); foreach (var subItem in item.ListGroup) { Console.WriteLine($"ProduceName:{subItem.Name},ProductPrice:{subItem.Price},PublishTime:{subItem.CreateTime}"); } } Console.ReadKey(); } } }
结果:
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