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JavaScript接口实现代码（Interfaces In JavaScript）

2010-06-11 00:30:21 作者：

接口是面向对象编程里的重要特性，遗憾的是JavaScript并没有提供对接口的支持！怎么实现接口呢？

在实际中，我们可以在注释中定义好接口，在实际的代码中予以实现
比如：

 /* 
interface Composite { 
function add(child); 
function remove(child); 
function getChild(index); 
} 
interface FormItem { 
function save(); 
} 
*/ 
var CompositeForm = function(id, method, action) { // implements Composite, FormItem 
... 
}; 
// Implement the Composite interface. 
CompositeForm.prototype.add = function(child) { 
... 
}; 
CompositeForm.prototype.remove = function(child) { 
... 
}; 
CompositeForm.prototype.getChild = function(index) { 
... 
}; 
// Implement the FormItem interface. 
CompositeForm.prototype.save = function() { 
... 
}; 

实现接口的程序员是否将这些接口都实现了呢？我们没办法保证！因为这里没有任何办法去检查是否都实现了
我们需要一个检查是否实现了接口的机制，可以这样：

复制代码代码如下:

 /* 
interface Composite { 
function add(child); 
function remove(child); 
function getChild(index); 
} 
interface FormItem { 
function save(); 
} 
*/ 
var CompositeForm = function(id, method, action) { 
this.implementsInterfaces = ['Composite', 'FormItem']; 
... 
}; 
... 
function addForm(formInstance) { 
if(!implements(formInstance, 'Composite', 'FormItem')) { 
throw new Error("Object does not implement a required interface."); 
} 
... 
} 
// The implements function, which checks to see if an object declares that it 
// implements the required interfaces. 
function implements(object) { 
for(var i = 1; i < arguments.length; i++) { // Looping through all arguments 
// after the first one. 
var interfaceName = arguments[i]; 
var interfaceFound = false; 
for(var j = 0; j < object.implementsInterfaces.length; j++) { 
if(object.implementsInterfaces[j] == interfaceName) { 
interfaceFound = true; 
break; 
} 
} 

if(!interfaceFound) { 
return false; // An interface was not found. 
} 
} 
return true; // All interfaces were found. 
} 

这种方法让程序员在写的时候注明实现了哪些接口： this.implementsInterfaces = ['Composite', 'FormItem']; 在调用的时候使用implements方法来判断是否实现了，理论上可行，很有可能写上了实现了'Composite'接口，但是代码里却并没有add方法！因此，我们需要检验实现接口的类是否包含了接口里的方法！所以，接口必须从注释中解放出来：

复制代码代码如下:

 // Interfaces. 
var Composite = new Interface('Composite', ['add', 'remove', 'getChild']); 
var FormItem = new Interface('FormItem', ['save']); 
// CompositeForm class 
var CompositeForm = function(id, method, action) { // implements Composite, FormItem 
... 
}; 
... 
function addForm(formInstance) { 
Interface.ensureImplements(formInstance, Composite, FormItem); 
// This function will throw an error if a required method is not implemented, 
// halting execution of the function. 
// All code beneath this line will be executed only if the checks pass. 
... 
} 

定义接口Composite，FormItem，并且CompositeForm实现这两个接口，在使用的时候，用Interface.ensureImplements来检验formInstance是否实现了这两个接口中的所有方法。
来看看Interface的定义：两个参数，第一个参数是接口名称，第二个参数是接口包含的方法数组

复制代码代码如下:

 // Constructor. 
var Interface = function(name, methods) { 
if(arguments.length != 2) { 
throw new Error("Interface constructor called with " + arguments.length + 
"arguments, but expected exactly 2."); 
} 
this.name = name; 
this.methods = []; 
for(var i = 0, len = methods.length; i < len; i++) { 
if(typeof methods[i] !== 'string') { 
throw new Error("Interface constructor expects method names to be " 
+ "passed in as a string."); 
} 
this.methods.push(methods[i]); 
} 
}; 

为Interface 添加建议接口是否实现的静态方法

复制代码代码如下:

 // Constructor. 
Interface.ensureImplements = function(object) { 
if(arguments.length < 2) { 
throw new Error("Function Interface.ensureImplements called with " + 
arguments.length + "arguments, but expected at least 2."); 
} 
for(var i = 1, len = arguments.length; i < len; i++) { 
var interface = arguments[i]; 
if(interface.constructor !== Interface) { 
throw new Error("Function Interface.ensureImplements expects arguments" 
+ "two and above to be instances of Interface."); 
} 
for(var j = 0, methodsLen = interface.methods.length; j < methodsLen; j++) { 
var method = interface.methods[j]; 
if(!object[method] || typeof object[method] !== 'function') { 
throw new Error("Function Interface.ensureImplements: object " 
+ "does not implement the " + interface.name 
+ " interface. Method " + method + " was not found."); 
} 
} 
} 
}; 

JavaScript接口实现代码 （Interfaces In JavaScript）

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JavaScript接口实现代码（Interfaces In JavaScript）