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使用Docker安装Nginx并配置端口转发问题及解决方法

作者:daiyuenlong110

这篇文章主要介绍了使用Docker安装Nginx并配置端口转发,本文给大家介绍的非常详细,对大家的学习或工作具有一定的参考借鉴价值,需要的朋友可以参考下

使用docker安装并运行nginx命令:

 docker run --name=nginx -p 80:80 -d docker.io/nginx

使用命令:

docker exec -it nginx /bin/bash 进入容器可查看到几个重要的文件

配置文件:nginx.conf 在 /etc/nginx/nginx.conf

日志文件: /var/log/nginx/access.log /var/log/nginx/error.log

使用cat命令打开nginx.conf

root@dc048fc59765:/var/log/nginx# cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf 
  user  nginx;
  worker_processes  1;
  
  error_log  /var/log/nginx/error.log warn;
  pid        /var/run/nginx.pid;
  
  
 events {
     worker_connections  1024;
     }
 
 http {
     include       /etc/nginx/mime.types;
     default_type  application/octet-stream;
 
     log_format  main  '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
                       '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
                       '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
 
     access_log  /var/log/nginx/access.log  main;
 
     sendfile        on;
     #tcp_nopush     on;
 
     keepalive_timeout  65;
 
     #gzip  on;
 
     include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
 }
 root@dc048fc59765:/var/log/nginx#

发现第32行,配置了一个子配置文件,进入conf.d发现有一个default.conf文件

打开default.conf文件:

root@dc048fc59765:/etc/nginx/conf.d# cat default.conf 
  server {
      listen       80;
      listen  [::]:80;
      server_name  localhost;
  
      #charset koi8-r;
      #access_log  /var/log/nginx/host.access.log  main;
     location / {
         root   /usr/share/nginx/html;
         index  index.html index.htm;
     }
 
     #error_page  404              /404.html;
     # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
     #
     error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
     location = /50x.html {
     # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
     #location ~ \.php$ {
     #    proxy_pass   http://127.0.0.1;
     #}
     # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
     #    root           html;
     #    fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
     #    fastcgi_index  index.php;
     #    fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
     #    include        fastcgi_params;
     # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
     # concurs with nginx's one
     #location ~ /\.ht {
     #    deny  all;
 }
 root@dc048fc59765:/etc/nginx/conf.d# 

在浏览器中输入:http://192.168.11.241

 从default.conf中11行可以看出,index页面在/usr/share/nginx/html

现在,我们配置一下容器卷:

docker rm -f nginx 删除一下之前的容器

再次执行比较完整的命令:

 docker run \
  --restart=always \
  --name nginx \
  -d -p 80:80 \
  -v /data/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html \
  -v /data/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
  -v /data/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d \
  -v /data/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx \
  nginx

这里有几个注意事项:

(1)第一个“-v”,是项目位置,把html代码放到挂载到的目录下即可;

(2)第二个“-v”,是挂载的主配置文件"nginx.conf",注意"nginx.conf"文件内有一行"include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;",

         这个include指向了子配置文件的路径,此处注意include后所跟的路径一定不要出错。

(3)第三个“-v”,把docker内子配置文件的路径也挂载了出来,注意要与(2)中include指向路径一致

(4)重点强调一下,nginx.conf是挂载了一个文件(docker是不推荐这样用的),conf.d挂载的是一个目录

我们先启动一下,可以发现是有问题的,因为配置文件还没有。

[root@zuul-server data]# docker run  --name nginx  -d -p 80:80  -v /data/nginx/html:/usr/share/nginx/html  -v /data/nginx/nginx.conf:/etc/nginx/nginx.conf  -v /data/nginx/conf.d:/etc/nginx/conf.d  -v /data/nginx/log:/var/log/nginx  nginx

c8d49810b4afd4b6661beb942f0f19a67cf64f9798af9d2eb8a2aa242b2af434

docker: Error response from daemon: OCI runtime create failed: container_linux.go:349: starting container process caused "process_linux.go:449: container init caused \"rootfs_linux.go:58: mounting \\\"/data/nginx/nginx.conf\\\" to rootfs \\\"/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee154ee69264707a542409b514cfff950b31cefa4dcd4e66c3635d0aa94f5058/merged\\\" at \\\"/var/lib/docker/overlay2/ee154ee69264707a542409b514cfff950b31cefa4dcd4e66c3635d0aa94f5058/merged/etc/nginx/nginx.conf\\\" caused \\\"not a directory\\\"\"": unknown: Are you trying to mount a directory onto a file (or vice-versa)? Check if the specified host path exists and is the expected type.

很明显,报错了,容器也没有启动成功,怎么解决了?

解决办法:

1 进入/data/nginx目录,

2 删除nginx.conf文件夹  rm  -rf nginx.conf

3 新建nginx.conf文件    touch nginx.conf

4 然后把之前cat /etc/nginx/nginx.conf的内容放入到nginx.conf

5 同理,cd /data/nginx/conf.d ,touch default.conf,把之前 cat /etc/nginx/conf.d/default.conf中的内容放入到新建的default.conf中。

最后 docker restart nginx 搞定。

 需要配置一个端口转发功能,业务需求是:以http://192.168.11/241/mp开头的请求需要重定向到http://192.168.11.241:20001/mp上,

刚开始把 proxy_pass 对应的路径写成了 http://127.0.0.1:20001/;导致报404错误,原因很简单,nginx运作在容器里面,肯定找不到http://127.0.0.1:20001/,浪费了我一点点时间,一时没转过弯来。

 server {
   listen  80;
   server_name localhost;
    
   #charset koi8-r;
   #access_log /var/log/nginx/log/host.access.log main;
    
   location / {
    #root /usr/nginx/dacheng-wechat-web;
   #root /usr/nginx/html;
   root /usr/share/nginx/html;
   index index.html index.htm;
   autoindex on;
   # try_files $uri /index/index/page.html;
   # try_files $uri /index/map/page.html;
  }
 
 location /mp {
   proxy_pass http://192.168.11.241:20001/;
 
 }   
  #error_page 404    /404.html;
   
  # redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
  #
  error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
  location = /50x.html {
   root /usr/share/nginx/html;
  }
   
  # proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
  #
  #location ~ \.php$ {
  # proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
  #}
   
  # pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
  #
  #location ~ \.php$ {
 # root   html;
  # fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
  # fastcgi_index index.php;
  # fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
  # include  fastcgi_params;
  #}
   
  # deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
  # concurs with nginx's one
  #
  #location ~ /\.ht {
  # deny all;
  #}
 }

到此这篇关于使用Docker安装Nginx并配置端口转发的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Docker安装Nginx配置端口转发内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!

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