python中如何利用matplotlib画多个并列的柱状图
作者：哇咔君i
python是一个很有趣的语言,可以在命令行窗口运行,下面这篇文章主要给大家介绍了关于python中如何利用matplotlib画多个并列的柱状图的相关资料,需要的朋友可以参考下
首先如果柱状图中有中文，比如X轴和Y轴标签需要写中文，解决中文无法识别和乱码的情况，加下面这行代码就可以解决了：
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 解决中文乱码
以下总共展示了三种画不同需求的柱状图：
画多组两个并列的柱状图：
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei']
labels = ['G1', 'G2', 'G3', 'G4', 'G5']
men_means = [20, 34, 30, 35, 27]
women_means = [25, 32, 34, 20, 25]
x = np.arange(len(labels)) # the label locations
width = 0.35 # the width of the bars
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
rects1 = ax.bar(x - width/2, men_means, width, label='Men')
rects2 = ax.bar(x + width/2, women_means, width, label='Women')
# Add some text for labels, title and custom x-axis tick labels, etc.
ax.set_ylabel('Scores')
ax.set_title('Scores by group and gender')
ax.set_xticks(x)
ax.set_xticklabels(labels)
ax.legend()
def autolabel(rects):
"""Attach a text label above each bar in *rects*, displaying its height."""
for rect in rects:
height = rect.get_height()
ax.annotate('{}'.format(height),
xy=(rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2, height),
xytext=(0, 3), # 3 points vertical offset
textcoords="offset points",
ha='center', va='bottom')
autolabel(rects1)
autolabel(rects2)
fig.tight_layout()
plt.show()
绘制好的柱状图如下：
画两组5个并列的柱状图：
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif']=['SimHei'] # 解决中文乱码
labels = ['第一项', '第二项']
a = [4.0, 3.8]
b = [26.9, 48.1]
c = [55.6, 63.0]
d = [59.3, 81.5]
e = [89, 90]
x = np.arange(len(labels)) # 标签位置
width = 0.1 # 柱状图的宽度，可以根据自己的需求和审美来改
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
rects1 = ax.bar(x - width*2, a, width, label='a')
rects2 = ax.bar(x - width+0.01, b, width, label='b')
rects3 = ax.bar(x + 0.02, c, width, label='c')
rects4 = ax.bar(x + width+ 0.03, d, width, label='d')
rects5 = ax.bar(x + width*2 + 0.04, e, width, label='e')
# 为y轴、标题和x轴等添加一些文本。
ax.set_ylabel('Y轴', fontsize=16)
ax.set_xlabel('X轴', fontsize=16)
ax.set_title('这里是标题')
ax.set_xticks(x)
ax.set_xticklabels(labels)
ax.legend()
def autolabel(rects):
"""在*rects*中的每个柱状条上方附加一个文本标签，显示其高度"""
for rect in rects:
height = rect.get_height()
ax.annotate('{}'.format(height),
xy=(rect.get_x() + rect.get_width() / 2, height),
xytext=(0, 3), # 3点垂直偏移
textcoords="offset points",
ha='center', va='bottom')
autolabel(rects1)
autolabel(rects2)
autolabel(rects3)
autolabel(rects4)
autolabel(rects5)
fig.tight_layout()
plt.show()
绘制好的柱状图如下：
3. 要将柱状图的样式画成适合论文中使用的黑白并且带花纹的样式：
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
plt.rcParams['font.sans-serif'] = ['SimHei'] # 解决中文乱码
labels = ['第一项', '第二项']
a = [50, 80]
b = [37, 69]
c = [78, 60]
d = [66, 86]
e = [80, 95]
# marks = ["o", "X", "+", "*", "O"]
x = np.arange(len(labels)) # 标签位置
width = 0.1 # 柱状图的宽度
fig, ax = plt.subplots()
rects1 = ax.bar(x - width * 2, a, width, label='a', hatch="...", color='w', edgecolor="k")
rects2 = ax.bar(x - width + 0.01, b, width, label='b', hatch="oo", color='w', edgecolor="k")
rects3 = ax.bar(x + 0.02, c, width, label='c', hatch="++", color='w', edgecolor="k")
rects4 = ax.bar(x + width + 0.03, d, width, label='d', hatch="XX", color='w', edgecolor="k")
rects5 = ax.bar(x + width * 2 + 0.04, e, width, label='e', hatch="**", color='w', edgecolor="k")
# 为y轴、标题和x轴等添加一些文本。
ax.set_ylabel('Y', fontsize=16)
ax.set_xlabel('X', fontsize=16)
ax.set_title('标题')
ax.set_xticks(x)
ax.set_xticklabels(labels)
ax.legend()
以上
总结
到此这篇关于python中如何利用matplotlib画多个并列柱状图的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关python matplotlib画并列柱状图内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！