首页 > 脚本专栏 > python > python调用bash shell脚本

python调用bash shell脚本方法

2021-12-29 16:55:49 作者：maxwell-ma

这篇文章主要给大家分享了额python调用bash shell脚本方法,os.system(command)、os.popen(command)等方法，具有一定的参考价值，需要的小伙伴可以参考一下，希望对你有所帮助

1. os.system()

help(os.system)

1.1. demo

os.system(command):该方法在调用完shell脚本后，返回一个16位的二进制数，
低位为杀死所调用脚本的信号号码，高位为脚本的退出状态码，
即脚本中exit 1的代码执行后，os.system函数返回值的高位数则是1，如果低位数是0的情况下，
则函数的返回值是0x0100,换算为十进制得到256。
要获得os.system的正确返回值，可以使用位移运算（将返回值右移8位）还原返回值：

>>> import os
>>> os.system("./test.sh")
hello python!
hello world!
256
>>> n>>8
1

2. os.popen()

help(os.system)

2.1 demo

os.popen(command):这种调用方式是通过管道的方式来实现，函数返回一个file对象，
里面的内容是脚本输出的内容（可简单理解为echo输出的内容），使用os.popen调用test.sh的情况

>> import os
>>> os.popen("./test.sh")
<open file './test.sh', mode 'r' at 0x7f6cbbbee4b0>
>>> f=os.popen("./test.sh")
>>> f
<open file './test.sh', mode 'r' at 0x7f6cbbbee540>
>>> f.readlines()
['hello python!\n', 'hello world!\n']

3. commands模块

（1）commands.getstatusoutput(cmd)，其以字符串的形式返回的是输出结果和状态码，即（status,output）。
（2）commands.getoutput(cmd)，返回cmd的输出结果。
（3）commands.getstatus(file)，返回ls -l file的执行结果字符串，调用了getoutput，不建议使用此方法

4. subprocess

subprocess模块，允许创建很多子进程，创建的时候能指定子进程和子进程的输入、输出、错误输出管道，执行后能获取输出结果和执行状态。

（1）subprocess.run()：python3.5中新增的函数，执行指定的命令，等待命令执行完成后返回一个包含执行结果的CompletedProcess类的实例。
（2）subprocess.call()：执行指定的命令，返回命令执行状态，功能类似os.system（cmd）。
（3）subprocess.check_call()：python2.5中新增的函数, 执行指定的命令, 如果执行成功则返回状态码，否则抛出异常。

说明：subprocess.run(args, *, stdin=None, input=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False, timeout=None, check=False, universal_newlines=False)
subprocess.call(args, *, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False, timeout=None)
subprocess.check_call(args, *, stdin=None, stdout=None, stderr=None, shell=False, timeout=None)

args：表示shell指令，若以字符串形式给出shell指令，如"ls -l “则需要使shell = Ture。否则默认已数组形式表示shell变量，如"ls”,"-l"。
当使用比较复杂的shell语句时，可以先使用shlex模块的shlex.split()方法来帮助格式化命令，然后在传递给run()方法或Popen。

4.1 demo

Stubs for subprocess

Based on http://docs.python.org/2/library/subprocess.html and Python 3 stub

from typing import Sequence, Any, Mapping, Callable, Tuple, IO, Union, Optional, List, Text

_FILE = Union[None, int, IO[Any]]
_TXT = Union[bytes, Text]
_CMD = Union[_TXT, Sequence[_TXT]]
_ENV = Union[Mapping[bytes, _TXT], Mapping[Text, _TXT]]

# Same args as Popen.__init__
def call(args: _CMD,
     bufsize: int = ...,
     executable: _TXT = ...,
     stdin: _FILE = ...,
     stdout: _FILE = ...,
     stderr: _FILE = ...,
     preexec_fn: Callable[[], Any] = ...,
     close_fds: bool = ...,
     shell: bool = ...,
     cwd: _TXT = ...,
     env: _ENV = ...,
     universal_newlines: bool = ...,
     startupinfo: Any = ...,
     creationflags: int = ...) -> int: ...

def check_call(args: _CMD,
        bufsize: int = ...,
        executable: _TXT = ...,
        stdin: _FILE = ...,
        stdout: _FILE = ...,
        stderr: _FILE = ...,
        preexec_fn: Callable[[], Any] = ...,
        close_fds: bool = ...,
        shell: bool = ...,
        cwd: _TXT = ...,
        env: _ENV = ...,
        universal_newlines: bool = ...,
        startupinfo: Any = ...,
        creationflags: int = ...) -> int: ...

# Same args as Popen.__init__ except for stdout
def check_output(args: _CMD,
         bufsize: int = ...,
         executable: _TXT = ...,
         stdin: _FILE = ...,
         stderr: _FILE = ...,
         preexec_fn: Callable[[], Any] = ...,
         close_fds: bool = ...,
         shell: bool = ...,
         cwd: _TXT = ...,
         env: _ENV = ...,
         universal_newlines: bool = ...,
         startupinfo: Any = ...,
         creationflags: int = ...) -> bytes: ...

PIPE = ... # type: int
STDOUT = ... # type: int

class CalledProcessError(Exception):
  returncode = 0
  # morally: _CMD
  cmd = ... # type: Any
  # morally: Optional[bytes]
  output = ... # type: Any

  def __init__(self,
         returncode: int,
         cmd: _CMD,
         output: Optional[bytes] = ...) -> None: ...

class Popen:
  stdin = ... # type: Optional[IO[Any]]
  stdout = ... # type: Optional[IO[Any]]
  stderr = ... # type: Optional[IO[Any]]
  pid = 0
  returncode = 0

  def __init__(self,
         args: _CMD,
         bufsize: int = ...,
         executable: Optional[_TXT] = ...,
         stdin: Optional[_FILE] = ...,
         stdout: Optional[_FILE] = ...,
         stderr: Optional[_FILE] = ...,
         preexec_fn: Optional[Callable[[], Any]] = ...,
         close_fds: bool = ...,
         shell: bool = ...,
         cwd: Optional[_TXT] = ...,
         env: Optional[_ENV] = ...,
         universal_newlines: bool = ...,
         startupinfo: Optional[Any] = ...,
         creationflags: int = ...) -> None: ...

  def poll(self) -> int: ...
  def wait(self) -> int: ...
  # morally: -> Tuple[Optional[bytes], Optional[bytes]]
  def communicate(self, input: Optional[_TXT] = ...) -> Tuple[Any, Any]: ...
  def send_signal(self, signal: int) -> None: ...
  def terminate(self) -> None: ...
  def kill(self) -> None: ...
  def __enter__(self) -> 'Popen': ...
  def __exit__(self, type, value, traceback) -> bool: ...

# Windows-only: STARTUPINFO etc.

STD_INPUT_HANDLE = ... # type: Any
STD_OUTPUT_HANDLE = ... # type: Any
STD_ERROR_HANDLE = ... # type: Any
SW_HIDE = ... # type: Any
STARTF_USESTDHANDLES = ... # type: Any
STARTF_USESHOWWINDOW = ... # type: Any
CREATE_NEW_CONSOLE = ... # type: Any
CREATE_NEW_PROCESS_GROUP = ... # type: Any

到此这篇关于python调用bash shell脚本方法的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关python调用bash shell脚本内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家！