多维度深入分析Redis的5种基本数据结构

 1127.0.0.1:6379> set name liziba
 2OK
 3127.0.0.1:6379> get name
 4"liziba"
 5127.0.0.1:6379> set name liziba001
 6OK
 7127.0.0.1:6379> get name
 8"liziba001"
 9127.0.0.1:6379> del name
10(integer) 1
11127.0.0.1:6379> get name
12(nil)

1127.0.0.1:6379> mset name1 liziba1 name2 liziba2 name3 liziba3
2OK
3127.0.0.1:6379> mget name1 name2 name3
41) "liziba1"
52) "liziba2"
63) "liziba3"

1127.0.0.1:6379> set name liziba
2OK
3127.0.0.1:6379> get name
4"liziba"
5127.0.0.1:6379> expire name 10   # 10s 后get name 返回 nil
6(integer) 1
7127.0.0.1:6379> get name
8(nil)

1127.0.0.1:6379> setex name 10 liziba    # 10s 后get name 返回 nil
2OK
3127.0.0.1:6379> get name
4(nil)

 1127.0.0.1:6379> get name
 2(nil)
 3127.0.0.1:6379> setnx name liziba        
 4(integer) 1
 5127.0.0.1:6379> get name
 6"liziba"
 7127.0.0.1:6379> setnx name liziba_98        # 已经存在再次设值，失败
 8(integer) 0
 9127.0.0.1:6379> get name
10"liziba"

1127.0.0.1:6379> set fans 1000
2OK
3127.0.0.1:6379> incr fans # 自增1
4(integer) 1001

1127.0.0.1:6379> set fans 1000
2OK
3127.0.0.1:6379> incr fans
4(integer) 1001
5127.0.0.1:6379> incrby fans 999
6(integer) 2000

1127.0.0.1:6379> set fans 9223372036854775808
2OK
3127.0.0.1:6379> incr fans
4(error) ERR value is not an integer or out of range

1127.0.0.1:6379> set money -9223372036854775808
2OK
3127.0.0.1:6379> incrby money -1
4(error) ERR increment or decrement would overflow

 1127.0.0.1:6379> rpush code java c python    # 向列表中添加元素
 2(integer) 3
 3127.0.0.1:6379> llen code    # 获取列表长度
 4(integer) 3
 5127.0.0.1:6379> lpop code # 弹出最先添加的元素
 6"java"
 7127.0.0.1:6379> lpop code    
 8"c"
 9127.0.0.1:6379> lpop code
10"python"
11127.0.0.1:6379> llen code
12(integer) 0
13127.0.0.1:6379> lpop code
14(nil)

 1127.0.0.1:6379> rpush code java c python
 2(integer) 3
 3127.0.0.1:6379> rpop code            # 弹出最后添加的元素
 4"python"
 5127.0.0.1:6379> rpop code
 6"c"
 7127.0.0.1:6379> rpop code
 8"java"
 9127.0.0.1:6379> rpop code
10(nil)

 1127.0.0.1:6379> rpush code java c python
 2(integer) 3
 3127.0.0.1:6379> lindex code 0        # 获取索引为0的数据
 4"java"
 5127.0.0.1:6379> lindex code 1   # 获取索引为1的数据
 6"c"
 7127.0.0.1:6379> lindex code 2        # 获取索引为2的数据
 8"python"
 9127.0.0.1:6379> lrange code 0 -1    # 获取全部 0 到倒数第一个数据  == 获取全部数据
101) "java"
112) "c"
123) "python"
13127.0.0.1:6379> ltrim code 0 -1    # 截取并保理 0 到 -1 的数据 == 保理全部
14OK
15127.0.0.1:6379> lrange code 0 -1
161) "java"
172) "c"
183) "python"
19127.0.0.1:6379> ltrim code 1 -1    # 截取并保理 1 到 -1 的数据 == 移除了索引为0的数据 java
20OK
21127.0.0.1:6379> lrange code 0 -1
221) "c"
232) "python"

17.0.0.1:6379> hset book java "Thinking in Java"        # 字符串包含空格需要""包裹
2(integer) 1
3127.0.0.1:6379> hset book python "Python code"
4(integer) 1
5127.0.0.1:6379> hset book c "The best of c"
6(integer) 1
7127.0.0.1:6379> hmset book go "concurrency in go" mysql "high-performance MySQL" # 批量设值
8OK

1127.0.0.1:6379> hget book java
2"Thinking in Java"
3127.0.0.1:6379> hgetall book
41) "java"
52) "Thinking in Java"
63) "python"
74) "Python code"
85) "c"
96) "The best of c"

1127.0.0.1:6379> hlen book
2(integer) 5

1127.0.0.1:6379> hset liziba money 10
2(integer) 1
3127.0.0.1:6379> hincrby liziba money -1
4(integer) 9
5127.0.0.1:6379> hget liziba money
6"9"

1127.0.0.1:6379> hset liziba money 10.1
2(integer) 1
3127.0.0.1:6379> hincrby liziba money 1
4(error) ERR hash value is not an integer

1127.0.0.1:6379> sadd name zhangsan
2(integer) 1
3127.0.0.1:6379> sadd name zhangsan        # 不能重复，重复返回0
4(integer) 0
5127.0.0.1:6379> sadd name lisi wangwu liumazi # 支持一次添加多个元素
6(integer) 3

1127.0.0.1:6379> smembers name    # 无序输出集合中所有的元素
21) "lisi"
32) "wangwu"
43) "liumazi"
54) "zhangsan"

127.0.0.1:6379> sismember name lisi  # 包含返回1
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> sismember name tianqi # 不包含返回0
(integer) 0

1127.0.0.1:6379> scard name
2(integer) 4

127.0.0.1:6379> spop name            # 默认弹出一个
"wangwu"
127.0.0.1:6379> spop name 3    
1) "lisi"
2) "zhangsan"
3) "liumazi

127.0.0.1:6379> zadd name 10 zhangsan
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd name 10.1 lisi
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd name 9.9 wangwu
(integer) 1

127.0.0.1:6379> zrange name 0 -1 # 获取所有元素，按照score的升序输出
1) "wangwu"
2) "zhangsan"
3) "lisi"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange name 0 1        # 获取第一个和第二个slot的元素
1) "wangwu"
2) "zhangsan"
127.0.0.1:6379> zadd name 10 tianqi    # 在上面的基础上添加score为10的元素
(integer) 1
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange name 0 2    # key相等则按照value字典排序输出
1) "wangwu"
2) "tianqi"
3) "zhangsan"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrange name 0 -1 WITHSCORES # WITHSCORES 输出权重
1) "wangwu"
2) "9.9000000000000004"
3) "tianqi"
4) "10"
5) "zhangsan"
6) "10"
7) "lisi"
8) "10.1"

127.0.0.1:6379> zrevrange name 0 -1 WITHSCORES
1) "lisi"
2) "10.1"
3) "zhangsan"
4) "10"
5) "tianqi"
6) "10"
7) "wangwu"
8) "9.9000000000000004"

127.0.0.1:6379> zcard name
(integer) 4

127.0.0.1:6379> zscore name zhangsan
"10"
127.0.0.1:6379> zscore name liziba
(nil)

127.0.0.1:6379> zrange name 0 -1
1) "wangwu"
2) "tianqi"
3) "zhangsan"
4) "lisi"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrank name wangwu
(integer) 0

127.0.0.1:6379> zrange name 0 -1 WITHSCORES # 输出全部元素
1) "wangwu"
2) "9.9000000000000004"
3) "tianqi"
4) "10"
5) "zhangsan"
6) "10"
7) "lisi"
8) "10.1" 
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore name 9 10
1) "wangwu"
2) "tianqi"
3) "zhangsan"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore name 9 10 WITHSCORES    # 输出分数
1) "wangwu"
2) "9.9000000000000004"
3) "tianqi"
4) "10"
5) "zhangsan"
6) "10"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore name -inf 10 # -inf 从负无穷开始
1) "wangwu"
2) "tianqi"
3) "zhangsan"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore name -inf +inf    # +inf 直到正无穷
1) "wangwu"
2) "tianqi"
3) "zhangsan"
4) "lisi"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore name (10 11  #  10 < score <=11
1) "lisi"
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore name (10 (10.1  # 10 < socre < -11
(empty list or set)
127.0.0.1:6379> zrangebyscore name (10 (11 
1) "lisi"

 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange name 0 -1
 1) "wangwu"
 2) "tianqi"
 3) "zhangsan"
 4) "lisi"
 127.0.0.1:6379> zrem name zhangsan # 移除元素
 (integer) 1
 127.0.0.1:6379> zrange name 0 -1
 1) "wangwu"
 2) "tianqi"
 3) "lisi"

public int randomLevel(){
    int level = 1;
    // random()返回一个[0...1)的随机数
    while (random() < p && level < MaxLevel){ 
        level += 1;
    }
    return level;
}

1p = 1/4
2MaxLevel = 64

1 / p = n * (p^L-1)
n = (1/p)^L
L = log(1/p)^n

C(0)=0
C(k)=(1-p)×(情况b的查找长度) + p×(情况c的查找长度)
C(k)=(1-p)(C(k)+1) + p(C(k-1)+1)
C(k)=1/p+C(k-1)
C(k)=k/p

package com.liziba.skiplist;

/**
 * <p>
 *      跳表节点元素
 * </p>
 *
 * @Author: Liziba
 * @Date: 2021/7/5 21:01
 */
public class Node {

    /** 节点的分数值，根据分数值来排序 */
    public Double score;
    /** 节点存储的真实数据 */
    public String value;
    /** 当前节点的 前、后、下、上节点的引用 */
    public Node prev, next, down, up;

    public Node(Double score) {
        this.score = score;
        prev = next = down = up = null;
    }

    public Node(Double score, String value) {
        this.score = score;
        this.value = value;
    }
}

package com.liziba.skiplist;

import java.util.Random;

/**
 * <p>
 *      跳表实现
 * </p>
 *
 * @Author: Liziba
 */
public class SkipList {

    /** 最上层头节点 */
    public Node head;
    /** 最上层尾节点 */
    public Node tail;
    /** 总层数 */
    public int level;
    /** 元素个数 */
    public int size;
    public Random random;

    public SkipList() {
        level = size = 0;
        head = new Node(null);
        tail = new Node(null);
        head.next = tail;
        tail.prev = head;
    }

    /**
     * 查询插入节点的前驱节点位置
     *
     * @param score
     * @return
     */
    public Node fidePervNode(Double score) {
        Node p = head;
        for(;;) {
            // 当前层(level)往后遍历，比较score，如果小于当前值，则往后遍历
            while (p.next.value == null && p.prev.score <= score)
                p = p.next;
            // 遍历最右节点的下一层(level)
            if (p.down != null)
                p = p.down;
            else
                break;
        }
        return p;
    }

    /**
     * 插入节点，插入位置为fidePervNode(Double score)前面
     *
     * @param score
     * @param value
     */
    public void insert(Double score, String value) {

        // 当前节点的前置节点
        Node preNode = fidePervNode(score);
        // 当前新插入的节点
        Node curNode = new Node(score, value);
        // 分数和值均相等则直接返回
        if (curNode.value != null && preNode.value != null && preNode.value.equals(curNode.value)
                  && curNode.score.equals(preNode.score)) {
            return;
        }

        preNode.next = curNode;
        preNode.next.prev = curNode;
        curNode.next = preNode.next;
        curNode.prev = preNode;

        int curLevel = 0;
        while (random.nextDouble() < 1/2) {
            // 插入节点层数(level)大于等于层数(level)，则新增一层(level)
            if (curLevel >= level) {
                Node newHead = new Node(null);
                Node newTail = new Node(null);
                newHead.next = newTail;
                newHead.down = head;
                newTail.prev = newHead;
                newTail.down = tail;
                head.up = newHead;
                tail.up = newTail;
                // 头尾节点指针修改为新的，确保head、tail指针一直是最上层的头尾节点
                head = newHead;
                tail = newTail;
                ++level;
            }

            while (preNode.up == null)
                preNode = preNode.prev;

            preNode = preNode.up;

            Node copy = new Node(null);
            copy.prev = preNode;
            copy.next = preNode.next;
            preNode.next.prev = copy;
            preNode.next = copy;
            copy.down = curNode;
            curNode.up = copy;
            curNode = copy;

            ++curLevel;
        }
        ++size;
    }

    /**
     * 查询指定score的节点元素
     * @param score
     * @return
     */
    public Node search(double score) {
        Node p = head;
        for (;;) {
            while (p.next.score != null && p.next.score <= score)
                p = p.next;
            if (p.down != null)
                p = p.down;
            else // 遍历到最底层
                if (p.score.equals(score))
                    return p;
                return null;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 升序输出Skip List中的元素 （默认升序存储，因此从列表head往tail遍历）
     */
    public void dumpAllAsc() {
        Node p = head;
        while (p.down != null) {
            p = p.down;
        }
        while (p.next.score != null) {
            System.out.println(p.next.score + "-->" + p.next.value);
            p = p.next;
        }
    }

    /**
     * 降序输出Skip List中的元素
     */
    public void dumpAllDesc() {
        Node p = tail;
        while (p.down != null) {
            p = p.down;
        }
        while (p.prev.score != null) {
            System.out.println(p.prev.score + "-->" + p.prev.value);
            p = p.prev;
        }
    }


    /**
     * 删除Skip List中的节点元素
     * @param score
     */
    public void delete(Double score) {
        Node p = search(score);
        while (p != null) {
            p.prev.next = p.next;
            p.next.prev = p.prev;
            p = p.up;
        }
    }
}