nginx实现动静分离的方法示例
作者：YSTWD_WY
Nginx的静态处理能力很强,但是动态处理能力不足,因此,在企业中常用动静分离技术，本文就详细的介绍一下如何使用，感兴趣的可以了解一下
本文主要介绍了nginx实现动静分离的方法示例，具有一定的学习价值，具体如下
环境：
| 系统/主机名 | IP地址 | 服务 |
|---|---|---|
| Redhat8 ：server1 | 192.168.244.131 | nginx |
| Redhat8：server2 | 192.168.244.133 | lnmp |
| Content7：node3 | 192.168.244.142 | httpd |
在三台主机上关闭防火墙
[root@server1 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld [root@server1 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld [root@server1 ~]# vim /etc/selinux/config SELINUX=disabled
在server1上部署nginx
[root@server1 opt]# cat nginx.sh
#!/bin/bash
if [ $UID -ne 0 ];then
echo "Please use administrator account"
exit
fi
app_a=nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
dir_a=/usr/local
dir_b=/var/log
dir_c=nginx-1.20.1
if [ ! -d $dir_b/nginx ];then
mkdir -p $dir_b/nginx
fi
chown -R nginx.nginx $dir_b/nginx
yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
yum -y groups mark install 'Development Tools'
id nginx &>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
fi
tar xf bag/$app_a -C $dir_a
cd $dir_a/$dir_c
if [ ! -d $dir_a/nginx ];then
./configure \
--prefix=$dir_a/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-debug \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_image_filter_module \
--with-http_gunzip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--http-log-path=$dir_b/nginx/access.log \
--error-log-path=$dir_b/nginx/error.log && make && make install
fi
cd ..
if [ ! -f /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh ];then
echo "export PATH=$dir_a/nginx/sbin:\$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
fi
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Nginx server daemon
Wants=sshd-keygen.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=$dir_a/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecStop=$dir_a/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now nginx
查看端口
[root@server1 ~]# ss -antl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
访问页面
在server上部署lnmp
部署nginx
[root@server2 lnmp]# cat install.sh
#!/bin/bash
if [ $UID -ne 0 ];then
echo "Please use administrator account"
exit
fi
app_a=nginx-1.20.1.tar.gz
dir_a=/usr/local
dir_b=/var/log
dir_c=nginx-1.20.1
if [ ! -d $dir_b/nginx ];then
mkdir -p $dir_b/nginx
fi
chown -R nginx.nginx $dir_b/nginx
yum -y install pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel gd-devel gcc gcc-c++ make
yum -y groups mark install 'Development Tools'
id nginx &>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
fi
tar xf bag/$app_a -C $dir_a
cd $dir_a/$dir_c
if [ ! -d $dir_a/nginx ];then
./configure \
--prefix=$dir_a/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-debug \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_image_filter_module \
--with-http_gunzip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--http-log-path=$dir_b/nginx/access.log \
--error-log-path=$dir_b/nginx/error.log && make && make install
fi
cd ..
if [ ! -f /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh ];then
echo "export PATH=$dir_a/nginx/sbin:\$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/nginx.sh
fi
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service << EOF
[Unit]
Description=Nginx server daemon
Wants=sshd-keygen.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=$dir_a/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecStop=$dir_a/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now nginx
部署mysql
[root@server2 lnmp]# cat mysql.sh
#!/bin/bash
if [ $UID -ne 0 ];then
echo "root?"
exit
fi
dir_a=/usr/local
dir_b=/opt/data
app_a=mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
app_b=mysql-5.7.34-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64
id mysql &>/dev/null
if [ $? -ne 0 ];then
useradd -r -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql
fi
yum -y install ncurses-compat-libs ncurses-devel openssl-devel openssl cmake mariadb-devel
if [ ! -d $dir_a/$app_b ];then
tar xf bag/$app_a -C $dir_a
fi
if [ ! -d $dir_a/mysql ];then
ln -sv $dir_a/$app_b $dir_a/mysql
fi
chown -R mysql:mysql $dir_a/mysql*
echo "export PATH=$dir_a/mysql/bin:\$PATH" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
if [ ! -d /$dir_b ];then
mkdir -p /$dir_b
chown -R mysql.mysql /$dir_b
fi
content=$(ls $dir_b | wc -l)
if [ $content -eq 0 ];then
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user mysql --datadir $dir_b
fi
cat > /etc/my.cnf <<EOF
[mysqld]
basedir = $dir_a/mysql
datadir = $dir_b
socket = /tmp/mysql.sock
port = 3306
pid-file = $dir_b/mysql.pid
user = mysql
skip-name-resolve
EOF
sed -ri "s#^(basedir=).*#\1$dir_a/mysql#g" $dir_a/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
sed -ri "s#^(datadir=).*#\1$dir_b#g" $dir_a/mysql/support-files/mysql.server
cat > /usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service <<EOF
[Unit]
Description=mysql server daemon
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
ExecStart=$dir_a/mysql/support-files/mysql.server start
ExecStop=$dir_a/mysql/support-files/mysql.server stop
ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now mysqld
部署php
https://www.php.net/distributions/php-8.0.10.tar.xz
解压
[root@server2 ~]# tar -xf php-8.0.10.tar.gz -C /usr/local/
安装依赖包
[root@server2 ~]# wget http://mirrors.aliyun.com/repo/epel-7.repo [root@server1 ~]# yum -y install libxml2 libxml2-devel openssl openssl-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel libcurl libcurl-devel libicu-devel libjpeg libjpeg-devel libpng libpng-devel openldap-devel pcre-devel freetype freetype-devel gmp gmp-devel libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel readline readline-devel libxslt libxslt-devel mhash mhash-devel php-mysqlnd libsqlite3x-devel libzip-devel [root@server2 ~]# yum -y install http://mirror.centos.org/centos/8-stream/PowerTools/x86_64/os/Packages/oniguruma-devel-6.8.2-2.el8.x86_64.rpm
编译安装
[root@server2 ~]# cd /usr/local/php-8.0.10/ [root@server2 php-8.0.10]# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php8 --with-config-file-path=/etc --enable-fpm --disable-debug --disable-rpath --enable-shared --enable-soap --with-openssl --enable-bcmath --with-iconv --with-bz2 --enable-calendar --with-curl --enable-exif --enable-ftp --enable-gd --with-jpeg --with-zlib-dir --with-freetype --with-gettext --enable-mbstring --enable-pdo --with-mysqli=mysqlnd --with-pdo-mysql=mysqlnd --with-readline --enable-shmop --enable-simplexml --enable-sockets --with-zip --enable-mysqlnd-compression-support --with-pear --enable-pcntl --enable-posix ...... ...... ...... config.status: creating ext/phar/phar.phar.1 config.status: creating main/php_config.h config.status: executing default commands +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ | License: | | This software is subject to the PHP License, available in this | | distribution in the file LICENSE. By continuing this installation | | process, you are bound by the terms of this license agreement. | | If you do not agree with the terms of this license, you must abort | | the installation process at this point. | +--------------------------------------------------------------------+ Thank you for using PHP. [root@server2 php-8.0.10]# make ....... ....... ....... invertedregexiterator.inc pharcommand.inc phar.inc Build complete. Don't forget to run 'make test'. [root@server2 php-8.0.10]# make install ...... ...... /root/php-8.0.10/build/shtool install -c ext/phar/phar.phar /usr/local/php8/bin/phar.phar ln -s -f phar.phar /usr/local/php8/bin/phar Installing PDO headers: /usr/local/php8/include/php/ext/pdo/
配置php-fpm
[root@server2 php-8.0.10]# cp /etc/php.ini /opt/ [root@server2 php-8.0.10]# cp php.ini-production /etc/php.ini cp: overwrite '/etc/php.ini'? y [root@server2 php-8.0.10]# cp sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm [root@server2 php-8.0.10]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm [root@server2 php-8.0.10]# cd .. [root@server2 local]# cd php8/ [root@server2 php8]# cd etc/ [root@server2 etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf [root@server2 etc]# cp php-fpm.d/www.conf.default php-fpm.d/www.conf [root@server2 etc]# cd php-fpm.d [root@server2 php-fpm.d]# ls www.conf www.conf.default
配置环境变量
[root@server2 ~]# echo 'export PATH=/usr/local/php8/bin:$PATH' > /etc/profile.d/php.sh [root@server2 ~]# cat /etc/profile.d/php.sh export PATH=/usr/local/php8/bin:$PATH [root@server2 ~]# source /etc/profile.d/php.sh [root@server2 ~]# which php /usr/local/php8/bin/php
编写service文件
[root@server2 ~]# cat /usr/lib/systemd/system/php-fpm.service [Unit] Description=php-fpm server daemon After=network.target [Service] Type=forking ExecStart=/etc/init.d/php-fpm start ExecStop=/etc/init.d/php-fpm stop ExecReload=/bin/kill -HUP $MAINPID [Install] [root@server2 ]# systemctl daemon-reload
启动php
[root@server2 ~]# systemctl start php-fpm [root@server2 ~]# ss -antl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:9000 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:80 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 128 0.0.0.0:22 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN 0 80 *:3306 *:* LISTEN 0 128 [::]:22 [::]:*
在nginx.conf里配置虚拟主机
[root@server2 ~]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@server2 html]# ls
50x.html index.html
[root@server2 html]# vim index.php
[root@server2 html]# cat index.php
<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@server2 conf]# pwd
/usr/local/nginx/conf
[root@server2 conf]# vim nginx.conf
........
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
......
location / {
root html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
.....
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $Document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
[root@server2 conf]# nginx -s reload
访问
node3部署httpd
[root@node3 ~]# yum -y install httpd
启动
[root@node3 ~]# systemctl start httpd [root@node3 ~]# ss -antl State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 :::80 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::*
访问
实现分离部署
在server1上的nginx.conf上配置
[root@server1 ~]# cat /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
upstream cm { #静态资源地址
server 192.168.244.142;
}
upstream nm { #动态资源地址
server 192.168.244.133;
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
proxy_pass http://cm; #指向静态
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
location ~ \.php$ { #指向动态
proxy_pass http://nm;
}
[root@server1 ~]# nginx -s reload
访问 192.168.244.131
在访问 192.168.244.131/index.php
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