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Python实战快速上手BeautifulSoup库爬取专栏标题和地址

2021-10-20 14:48:51 作者：小旺不正经

BeautifulSoup是爬虫必学的技能，BeautifulSoup最主要的功能是从网页抓取数据，Beautiful Soup自动将输入文档转换为Unicode编码，输出文档转换为utf-8编码

BeautifulSoup库快速上手

安装

pip install beautifulsoup4
# 上面的安装失败使用下面的 使用镜像
pip install beautifulsoup4 -i https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

使用PyCharm的命令行

解析标签

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
url='https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42403632/category_11076268.html'
headers={'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:93.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/93.0'}
html=requests.get(url,headers=headers).text
s=BeautifulSoup(html,'html.parser')
title =s.select('h2')
for i in title:
    print(i.text)

第一行代码：导入BeautifulSoup库

第二行代码：导入requests

第三、四、五行代码：获取url的html

第六行代码：激活BeautifulSoup库 'html.parser'设置解析器为HTML解析器

第七行代码：选取所有<h2>标签

解析属性

BeautifulSoup库支持根据特定属性解析网页元素

根据class值解析

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
url='https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42403632/category_11076268.html'
headers={'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:93.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/93.0'}
html=requests.get(url,headers=headers).text
s=BeautifulSoup(html,'html.parser')
title =s.select('.column_article_title')
for i in title:
    print(i.text)

根据ID解析

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html='''<div class="crop-img-before">
         <img src="" alt="" id="cropImg">
      </div>
        <div id='title'>
        测试成功
        </div>
      <div class="crop-zoom">
         <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="bt-reduce">-</a><a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="bt-add">+</a>
      </div>
      <div class="crop-img-after">
         <div  class="final-img"></div>
      </div>'''
s=BeautifulSoup(html,'html.parser')
title =s.select('#title')
for i in title:
    print(i.text)

多层筛选

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html='''<div class="crop-img-before">
         <img src="" alt="" id="cropImg">
      </div>
        <div id='title'>
        456456465
        <h1>测试成功</h1>
        </div>
      <div class="crop-zoom">
         <a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="bt-reduce">-</a><a href="javascript:;" rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  rel="external nofollow"  class="bt-add">+</a>
      </div>
      <div class="crop-img-after">
         <div  class="final-img"></div>
      </div>'''
s=BeautifulSoup(html,'html.parser')
title =s.select('#title')
for i in title:
    print(i.text)
title =s.select('#title h1')
for i in title:
    print(i.text)

提取a标签中的网址

title =s.select('a')
for i in title:
    print(i['href'])

实战-获取博客专栏标题+网址

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
import requests
import re
url='https://blog.csdn.net/weixin_42403632/category_11298953.html'
headers={'User-Agent':'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:93.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/93.0'}
html=requests.get(url,headers=headers).text
s=BeautifulSoup(html,'html.parser')
title =s.select('.column_article_list li a')
for i in title:
    print((re.findall('原创.*?\n(.*?)\n',i.text))[0].lstrip())
    print(i['href'])

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