Springboot自动加载配置的原理解析
作者:好烦吃不胖
1、springboot自动配置的原理初探
以下注解都在springboot的自动化配置包中:spring-boot-autoconfigure。读者朋友可以跟着一下步骤走一遍,应该对自动配置就有一定的认知了。
1.springboot程序的入口是在启动类,该类有个关键注解SpringBootApplication
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @SpringBootConfiguration @EnableAutoConfiguration @ComponentScan(excludeFilters = { @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = TypeExcludeFilter.class), @Filter(type = FilterType.CUSTOM, classes = AutoConfigurationExcludeFilter.class) }) public @interface SpringBootApplication { //略…… }
2.打开SpringBootApplication注解,上面有个关键注解EnableAutoConfiguration
@Target(ElementType.TYPE) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Inherited @AutoConfigurationPackage @Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class) public @interface EnableAutoConfiguration { //…… }
3.EnableAutoConfiguration上有个@Import(AutoConfigurationImportSelector.class),注意AutoConfigurationImportSelector,
@Import作用创建一个AutoConfigurationImportSelector的bean对象,并且加入IoC容器
//org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.AutoConfigurationImportSelector //此处只贴了关键方法 protected List<String> getCandidateConfigurations(AnnotationMetadata metadata, AnnotationAttributes attributes) { List<String> configurations = SpringFactoriesLoader.loadFactoryNames(getSpringFactoriesLoaderFactoryClass(), getBeanClassLoader()); Assert.notEmpty(configurations, "No auto configuration classes found in META-INF/spring.factories. If you " + "are using a custom packaging, make sure that file is correct."); return configurations; }
4.AutoConfigurationImportSelector类中的getCandidateConfigurations方法代码如上,其调用了SpringFactoriesLoader的loadFactoryNames方法,来获取
configurations,此configurations列表其实就是要被自动花配置的类。SpringFactoriesLoader的两个重要方法如下:
//org.springframework.core.io.support.SpringFactoriesLoader //只贴了两个关键方法 public static final String FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION = "META-INF/spring.factories"; //此方法返回的是即将要被自动化配置的类的全限定类名,是从META-INF/spring.factories配置的,配置文件中有个org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration 其后面可配置多个想被自动花配置的类 public static List<String> loadFactoryNames(Class<?> factoryType, @Nullab等le ClassLoader classLoader) { String factoryTypeName = factoryType.getName(); return loadSpringFactories(classLoader).getOrDefault(factoryTypeName, Collections.emptyList()); } private static Map<String, List<String>> loadSpringFactories(@Nullable ClassLoader classLoader) { MultiValueMap<String, String> result = cache.get(classLoader); if (result != null) { return result; } try { Enumeration<URL> urls = (classLoader != null ? classLoader.getResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION) : ClassLoader.getSystemResources(FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION));//META-INF/spring.factories result = new LinkedMultiValueMap<>(); while (urls.hasMoreElements()) { URL url = urls.nextElement(); UrlResource resource = new UrlResource(url); Properties properties = PropertiesLoaderUtils.loadProperties(resource); for (Map.Entry<?, ?> entry : properties.entrySet()) { String factoryTypeName = ((String) entry.getKey()).trim(); for (String factoryImplementationName : StringUtils.commaDelimitedListToStringArray((String) entry.getValue())) { result.add(factoryTypeName, factoryImplementationName.trim()); } } } cache.put(classLoader, result); return result; } catch (IOException ex) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to load factories from location [" + FACTORIES_RESOURCE_LOCATION + "]", ex); } }
5.举例分析,我们在spring.factories中可以看到org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.EnableAutoConfiguration后有一个org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.data.redis.RedisAutoConfiguration,说明springboot希望redis能够自动化配置。接着我们打开RedisAutoConfiguration源码查看。此处我故意没复制源码,用的截图,可以看到截图直接有报错,编译错误,错误的原因是我们还没添加spring-boot-starter-data-redis的依赖。**这里有个问题,为什么明明代码都报错,Cannot resolve symbol xxx(未找到类),但是我们的项目依然可以启动?不信你建立一个简单的springboot项目,只添加web依赖,手动打开RedisAutoConfiguration,发现是报红错的,但是你启动项目,发现没任何问题,why??**这个问题后面再解答,先接着看自动配置的问题。
6.先把RedisAutoConfiguration源码复制出来方便我写注释,上面用截图主要是让大家看到报错
@Configuration(proxyBeanMethods = false) @ConditionalOnClass(RedisOperations.class) @EnableConfigurationProperties(RedisProperties.class) @Import({ LettuceConnectionConfiguration.class, JedisConnectionConfiguration.class }) public class RedisAutoConfiguration { @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "redisTemplate") public RedisTemplate<Object, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException { RedisTemplate<Object, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>(); template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory); return template; } @Bean @ConditionalOnMissingBean public StringRedisTemplate stringRedisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) throws UnknownHostException { StringRedisTemplate template = new StringRedisTemplate(); template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory); return template; } }
看源码可知RedisAutoConfiguration上有一个Configuration和ConditionalOnClass注解,先分析这两个。首先Configuration注解,代表这是个Java config配置类,和spring配置bean的xml文件是一个作用,都是用来实例化bean的,**但是注意还有个@ConditionalOnClass(RedisOperations.class)注解,这个注解的作用是当RedisOperations.class这个类被找到后才会生效,如果没找到此类,那么整个RedisAutoConfiguration就不会生效。**所以当我们引入了redis的依赖,springboot首先会通过RedisAutoConfiguration的方法redisTemplate给我们设置一个默认的redis配置,当然这个方法上也有个注解@ConditionalOnMissingBean(name = "redisTemplate"),就是当我们没有手动配redisTemplate这个bean它才会调用这个默认的方法,注入一个redisTemplate到IoC容器,所以一般情况我们都是手动配置这个redisTemplate,方便我们设置序列化器,如下:
@Configuration public class RedisConfig { /** * 设置 redisTemplate 的序列化设置 * * @param redisConnectionFactory * @return */ @Bean public RedisTemplate<String, Object> redisTemplate(RedisConnectionFactory redisConnectionFactory) { // 1.创建 redisTemplate 模版 RedisTemplate<String, Object> template = new RedisTemplate<>(); // 2.关联 redisConnectionFactory template.setConnectionFactory(redisConnectionFactory); // 3.创建 序列化类 Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer jackson2JsonRedisSerializer = new Jackson2JsonRedisSerializer(Object.class); ObjectMapper om = new ObjectMapper(); // 4.设置可见度 om.setVisibility(PropertyAccessor.ALL, JsonAutoDetect.Visibility.ANY); // 5.启动默认的类型 om.enableDefaultTyping(ObjectMapper.DefaultTyping.NON_FINAL); // 6.序列化类,对象映射设置 jackson2JsonRedisSerializer.setObjectMapper(om); // 7.设置 value 的转化格式和 key 的转化格式 template.setValueSerializer(jackson2JsonRedisSerializer); template.setKeySerializer(new StringRedisSerializer()); template.afterPropertiesSet(); return template; } }
RedisAutoConfiguration上还有一下两个注解,作用是从配置文件读取redis相关的信息,ip、端口、密码等
@EnableConfigurationProperties(RedisProperties.class) @Import({ LettuceConnectionConfiguration.class, JedisConnectionConfiguration.class })
2. 补充扩展(解释为什么引用的包都报红错了,项目还能启动)
所有的@Condition注解(包括衍生的)其实都对应一个具体的实现,这个实现类里面有个判断方法叫做matches,返回的是个布尔类型判断值。
打开ConditionalOnClass源码如下,其Conditional注解传递的是个OnClassCondition.class,这就其对应的判断类,也就是说,当我们使用ConditionalOnClass注解时,其实际上调用的是OnClassCondition来判断的
@Target({ ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD }) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented @Conditional(OnClassCondition.class) public @interface ConditionalOnClass { /** * The classes that must be present. Since this annotation is parsed by loading class * bytecode, it is safe to specify classes here that may ultimately not be on the * classpath, only if this annotation is directly on the affected component and * <b>not</b> if this annotation is used as a composed, meta-annotation. In order to * use this annotation as a meta-annotation, only use the {@link #name} attribute. * @return the classes that must be present */ Class<?>[] value() default {}; /** * The classes names that must be present. * @return the class names that must be present. */ String[] name() default {}; }
ConditionalOnClass类图如下,它继承了condition接口
打开Condition接口如下,查看注释,注释中有说明 **条件判断是在bean定义即将注册到容器之前进行的,**看过springIoC源码的同学应该知道,spring创建一个对象的过程是当服务启动后,先读取xml配置文件(或者通过注解),根据配置文件先定义一个BeanDefinition,然后把这个bean给放到容器(在spring中实际就是一个Map),然后在根据bean定义,通过反射创建真正的对象。反射会触发类加载,当condition条件不满足时,根据如下注释可知,bean定义后续都被拦截了,连注册都不行,所以自然就不可能通过反射创建对象,不反射自然不会触发类加载,不触发类加载那么RedisAutoConfiguration当然啊不会加载,它不加载,那么即使它里面引用了一个不存在的类也不会有啥问题。
上面说的很绕,表达的不是很好,要想看懂以上部分需要掌握两方面的知识:
- 类加载原理,推荐看周志明老师的《深入理解JVM虚拟机》
- spring IoC容器创建bean的原理,推荐《spring揭秘》,详细看看IoC部分
3、又一个问题
spring-boot-autoconfigure.jar这个包中的RedisAutoConfiguration都报红色错误了,那么spring官方是怎么打包出来spring-boot-autoconfigure.jar的??怎么给我们提供了一个报错的包呢
//TODO
总结
到此这篇关于Springboot自动加载配置原理的文章就介绍到这了,更多相关Springboot自动加载配置原理内容请搜索脚本之家以前的文章或继续浏览下面的相关文章希望大家以后多多支持脚本之家!